Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/829

SECURITY. 751 SEDAN. secure a debt or liabilitj-, or when by a rule of law the creditor is entitled to hold the property until a particular liability to him is ilisi-liaif;iHl. Securities are ordinarily si)ccitic; but at times they ai"e sUifliitg or llmitiiig. An example of the latter class is ntl'orded by a chattel mortgage on projjerty thereafter to be aciiuired by the mortgagor, or by corporation debentures which are made a ehaige on the stock in trade and book debts of the corporation. As soon as the mortgagee or debenture holder takes possession of the property or institutes proper proceedings for the enforcement of his rights the security be- comes specific. Securities may originate either in the agreement of parties, which is the more common case, or in a rule of law. The seller's lien is of the latter class. This has its origin in the law merchant (q.v. ), which accords to the un])aid seller of goods the right, in certain eases, even after title has passed to the buyer, to retain jmsscssion until the price is paid. t'nder State laws exempting "publir securities' from taxation it has been held that this term does not include the bonds of railroads and simi- lar corjiorations. but is limited to securities is- sued under legislative sanction for the further- ance of public works. .Securities in judicial proceedings are of various kinds, but their purposes and form are generally regulated by statutes which should be examined in eacli jurisdiction. Consult: .Jones. .1 Treatise on the Law of Corporate Bonds and Mortgages { Bonton, 1S90) : Poor, Handbook of Inrcstnient Securities (New York, 1802) : Hainer, The Mod- ern Law of Municipal Securities (Indianapolis, ISnS) ; Butterworth. Hankers' Advances on Mer- enntile Securities (London. 1902). SECURITY OF PERSON. One of the funda- mental riglits of i>ersons recognized and enforced by the common law and now guaranteed by the United States Constitution and by the constitu- tions of most of the States. It comprises those ]iersonal rights and privileges and inunuiiities whieh go toniake up the Bili of Rights under the English Constitution and which became funda- mental in the American colonies. Many of these are traceable to Marina Charta, and they were confirmed and their number added to by the Peti- tion of Right (Charles I.), and by the Bill of Rights of the Revolution of 1688. The following is an enumeration of the more important rights of personal security: That no one shall be required to answer for an infamous crime unless he shall have been charged with the connnission of the crime by a pi-esentment or in- dictment of the grand jury; that no person shall be liable for the same offense to be twice placed in jeopardy of life or limb; that one charged with the commission of a crime shall not he compelled to be a witness against himself: that he shall be entitled to trial by jury and at the trial that he shall be confronted with the witness against him ; that he shall be entitled to have conipilsory process to compel the attendance at the trial and the testimony of witnesses in his favor; that excessive bail shall not be required of him. and that cruel and unusual punisliments shall not be imposed; that no bill of attainder or ex post-faeto law shall be passed ; and that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or prop- erty without due process of law. For a fuller discussion of the subject, see Co.STITUTIOX.L L.iW; PRIVILEGE: IMaGXA C11ART.V; Petition OF Rights; Bill of Rights ; .iKoi'.Mtnv; IS.viL; Attaindeb; etc. SEDAINE, sc-dftn', Michel Jean (1719-97). A French dramatist, born in Paris, the son of an architect. Sedaine was early orphaned, lie be- came a mason and builder, ami in l7r>U published poems of merit. Then he turned to the stage, attracted the notice of Diderot, and won general applause by the now classic /,c philuHophc sans le savoir (170.5), anil Lii (ia;irur<- imprcviie (17tiS). natural and original bourgeois comedies which alone survive of his work, lie became nn Academician, and secretary for architecture in the division of fine arts, and died in Paris, proa- perous, popidar. and res])ecleil. His (Kiirres clioisies were published in three volumes in 1S13. SEDALIA, se-dfi'li-A. The county-seat of Pettis ( uiinly. Mo.. ISS miles west of Saint Louis, on the Missouri Pacilic, the Missouri, Kan.sas and Texas, and the Sidalia, Warsaw and Southwestern railroads (Map: .Missouri. C .1). It has an elevated site in a rolling prairie re- gion, and is regularly laid out with beautifully shaded streets. Leading features are the George R. Smith College (colored), the Convent School of the Sisters of Saint .Joseph, the Carnegie Pub- lic Library, the hospital of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad, and Liberty and Forest parks. The State fair is held in Sedalia. The city has important railroading and manufactur- ing interests. Shops of the Missouri Pacific and the Jlissouri, Kansas and Texas railroads are here; and there are also iron works, foundries, beef and pork packing establishinents. hrcweries, flour and woolen mills, and manufactories of shoes, carriages, overalls, and hosiery. The gov- ernment, under the revised charter of I8!i:!, is vested in a mayor, elected biennially, and a uni- cameral council. Founded by Gen. (J. R. Smith in 18('il, Sedalia was used as a I'nited States military station during the Civil War. It was captured and held for several days by a Confed- erate force in 1804. Sedalia was incorporated in 1SG4 and was chartered as a city in 1889. Popu- lation, in 1800, 14.008; in 1900, 15.231. SEDAN> se-diix'. The capital of an nrron- dissemeiit in the Department of Ardennes, France. 104 miles northeast of Paris, on the Mcuse River (Map: France, M 2). It was for- merly an important fortified town, and the scene, in 1870. of the disastrous defeat and capitulation of the French army of MacMahon. (See Sb:dan, Battle of.) The fortifications have been de- molished and Sedan at present is mainly n resi- dential and industrial town. The chief buildings are the parish church, the college, and the mu- seum, and there are interesting remains of the fifteenth-century castle. The town is noted for its manufactures of cloth, introduced by Colbert in 1G4G. and there are also considerable coal and iron nuning interests in the vicinity. Sedan chairs are said to have been first made here. Population, in 1001, 19,349. SEDAN, Battle of. In the latter part of August. 1870. Marshal ^lacMahon set out from Chalons for the purpose of efTecfing the relief of !Metz. where Bazaine (q.v.) had been locked up by the German forces, after the series of engage- nients terminating with the battle of Oravelotte (q.v.). The third and fourth German arnnes. by forced marches, succeeded in barring to MacMa-