Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/869

SEPARATISTS. r9i SEPP. days, with siiifrin;;. rcailiiif; of the Uilile, and at tlio priiuipal mif tinjr a ilisioviise l)_v I'iiuinclt'i'. or. after his dcatli. tin- ri'ailiii^' of one of his printed discourses, but no audible prayer. l)a|>tisin and llie Lord's Su])|)er were not reeo<;nized. .Marria;.'e was not ])erniitted outside of tlie society. Dis- putes were .settleil by arbitration. (See Zo.vi! CoMMUXlTY. ) Consult Xordholl' Cumiintnixliv iSocicd'ts (Now York, 1874) ; Randall, Historii of the Zoar Society (CoUunbus, 1900). with a full account of the dissolution of the society; Hinds, American Comnnuiitics (Chicago, 1002); Hiiu- nicler. Die tciihre Reparation, etc. (Zoar, 185(i). SEPARATOR (Lat. separator, one who sepa- rates, from sriHirare, to separate). An apparatus used in dairying; to remove the cream from the milk by centrifugal force frenerated in a rapidly revolving bowl. It .supplants the grav- ity process connnonly used. The earliest form of separator con- sisted of buckets sus- pended from arms at- tached to a vertical shaft. When the shaft revolved rapidly the buckets swung out in a nearly horizontal position and the milk in them was sejiaratcd into layers of cream and skim milk. The modern form consists of a bowl or drum capable of being re- volved at a high rate of speed, and with ar- rangements for admitting the milk and removing the cream and skim milk. The process of se|)ara- tion is continuous, a steady stream of milk run- SECTION OF INTERIOR OF REVOLVING DRUM. SECTIONAL VIEW OF DE LAVAL HAND-POIVEB CREAM 8EPA- RATOR. ning into the bowl, and skim milk and cream pouring out through the respective tubes. The rapidity of separation and the richness of the cream are under the control of the operator. Separators vary in size and in detail of construc- tion. The small separator-, run by hand separato from 17.") to ;JoO pounds of milk an hour, ami the larger power inacliines up to :10I)U poumi-. When properly run the better makes of bdth liaiiil and power separators leave only abiMil 11.1 per cent. of fat or less in the skim milk. The perflation of the separator has b.-en one of the greatest factors in the devidopment and improvement of dairying (i|.v.). SEPHAR'DIM. See Asiikkx.v/im; .Jews. SEPHAR'VAIM (Heb. .SV/i/iartcIm ). Ac- cording to 11. Kings xix. l.'J, Isaiah xxxvi. 19, xxxvii. 1.3, a city in Syria captured by the As- syrians. It has been idenlilied with Siliraim of Kzek. xlvii. 10, lying between Damascus and Hamath. It .seems to be mentioned also in the Babylonian Chronicle, i. 28. The same name oc- curs also in II. Kings xvii. 24, .tviii. 34, as one of the places from which colonies were brought into Samaria. Here views diller. Some scholars identify this locality with the one first men- tioned; others hold that the rea<ling here should be Sip])ar, the famous North liabylimian city, the present form arising from confusion of the whole text with xix. l.'i. .ccording to II. Kings xvii. 31, the Sepharvites introduced the worship of Adrammelech and Anamnieleeh, oliscure dei- ties, whose names point, however, rather to the Syrian than to the Babylonian city. SEPIA (Lat., from (Jk. o-TjTrfo, cuttleDsh, se- pia I . A brown iiigment now little used, but formerly much valued as a water-color. It is ])repared from the secretion in the 'ink-bag' of cuttle-fishes. This substance is agitated in water to wash it, and then allowed slowly to subside, after which the water is poured oil'. an<l the sedi- ment, when dry enough, is formed into cakes or sticks. In this state il is called "India ink.' If, however, it is diss(dvcd in a solution of caustic ])otash. it becames brown, and is then boiled and filtered, after which the alkali is neutralized with an acid, and the brown pigment is pre- cipitated and dried: this constitntes the proper sepia. It is usually prepared in Italy, great numbers of the species which yields il most abundantly {Sepia officinalis) being found in the Mediterranean. India ink is prepared in China. .Japan, and India, where it is used- both as an ink and as a pigment. SEPOY (Hind., Pers. sii>ahi, soldier, horse- man, from Pcrs. sdpuh. siipt'ih. army). . native British Indian soldier. They have been a part of the liritish forces, irregular and regular, since the middle of the eighteenth century, and with the exception of the rel>ellion, have ever been loyal to (Jreat Britain. (For Sepoy Rebellion, see Ix[)i..) They consist of practically every race p.nd tribe in India, and are oHii'ered by both na- tive* and Kuropcans. The higher grailes are all held by Europeans. See Armies, paragraph de- voted to India under liritish Empire. SEPP, zr-p, .ToiT.XN XKPOMfK (1816—). A (Mriiiiin Catholic Church liist(U-ian. born at Tiilz, Bavaria. .fter studying philosophy and the- ologv- in Alunich and visiting the Kast (lS4.'>-40). he became professor of history at the I'niver- sity of Munich, was deposed in IS47, rein- stated in IS.'iO. and. for personal reasons, re- tired in lS(i7. He was elected to the Frankfort