Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/90

REUCHLIN. 74 tection, the latter tlaeateniug Iloogstraten and tlic monks with terrible vengeance if they did not cease to persecute "his teacher, Doctor Kcuchlin, that wise, experienced, pious, and in- genious num." The Epistolw Ohscurorum Viro- rum (q.v.) was an outcome of the contest. While' there was much in Reuehlin's 'character and experience to draw him toward the Reformation, he never opcnlv joined the movement, and late in life declared against Luther. Jlelanehthon was his great-ne])hew. Heuchlin's works in- clude editions and Latin translations of Greek texts: a ^'ocabuhlrius Latinus Breviloquus (1475) ; a manuscript Greek granniiar (not pub- lished; the Uiidimenla Lmguw Hebraicw (150G), which, with ])ardonable pride, he declares to be "the first attempt to execute a grammar of the Hebrew tongue." and made -'without any foreign help;" Dc Accentibus et Orllwgrajihi Ucbnrurum Libri III. (1518) ; an edition of the seven Peni- tential Psalms (1512). the first Hebrew book printed in Germany; De Terho Mirifico (1494) ; and Dc Arte Cabbalisfica (1517), works on the Cabbala; Scenica Progymnasmata (1497), and Sergius ( 1507 ) , Latin satirical comedies, not without humor and literary merit: the Augen- siiiegcl (1511; ed. by JLiyerhoft", Berlin, 1836), a reply to. a book by PfeflTerkorn (the Eand- spiegei) . Two of Reuehlin's Greek treatises, the Dc Quatuor Idionmtibus and Colloquia grceca, have been jmblished by Horawitz under the title Gricchische Studien (Berlin, 1884). The best biography of Reuchlin is Geiger, Johann Beuch- lin; sein Lebeti und seine Werke (Leipzig, 1871) ; consult also: id., Johann Reuchlins liriefwechsel (Tiibingen, 1875) ; Horawitz, Zur Biographic iind Korrespondenz J. Reuchlins (Vienna, 1877) ; Holstein, J. Reuchlins Komii- dicn (Halle, 1888) ; Strauss, Vlrich von Hut- ten (0th ed., Leipzig, 1895), for the controversy about the Jewish books. RETJLEAXTX, re'16', Franz ( 1829— ) . A Ger- man mechanical engineer, born at Eschweiler, near Aix-la-Chapelle, where his father had machine shops. After finishing his apprenticeship in Koblenz, he worked in his father's shops, studied at Karlsruhe, and for a year was head of a fac- torv in Cologne. Then he taught in Zurich (1S5G-G4) and in Berlin (1864-9(3), where from 1808 until retirement he was director of the Industrial School. Reuleaux was intimateOy connected with German machinery exhibits at Philadelphia in 1876 and at Sydney and Mel- bourne (1879-81). His Briefe aus Philadelphia (1877) voice a sharp criticism on German meth- ods of construction and especiallj' on the lack of artistic design. To remedy this fault Reuleaux gathered a great collection of kinematic models in Berlin. His works are : Konstruktionslehre (with Moll, 1854-62) ; Der Konstniktenr (1860- 02, and often) ; Kurzgefnsste Geschichte der Dampfmtisehine (1891) ; and Thomassche Rechen- maschine (2d ed. 1892). KETJMONT, re'mSN', Alfred von (1808-87). A German historian. He was born at Aix-la- , Chapelle, studied at Bonn and Heidelberg, and in 1832 traveled through Greece and the Ionian Islands. In 1835 he entered the diplomatic ser- vice, and subsequently was ^Minister Resident in Italy, principally at the Papal Court. His his- torical works include: Ganganelli, seine Briefe und seine Zeit (1847) ; BeitrMge zur italienischen REUS. Geschichte (1853-57); Die Jugend Katharinas de' Medici (1854); Die Griifin von Albany (1800); Zeitgenossen (1862); Geschichte der Htadt kotn (1867-70); Lorenzo de' Medici il Magnifico (1874); Geschichte Toscanas (1870- 77); T'i((on'o Colonna (1881); and Charakter- bilder aus der neueren Geschichte Italiais (1880). L'pon art he wrote biographies of Michelangelo (1834), Andrea del Sarto (1835), and Benvenuto Cellini (1847), and other works. REUNION,' Chambers of. See Louis XIV. REUNION, ra'u'nyoN', Ile de la, formerly called Ile de Bourbon. An island in the Indian Ocean belonging to France, and situated 400 miles east of Madagascar and 100 miles southwest of Mauritius, in latitude 21° S., longitude 55° 36' E. (Map: Africa, K 7). It is of nearly regular oval shape. 34 miles long by 22 miles broad, and has an area of 775 square miles. It is entirely of volcanic origin, and very mountainous, with numerous extinct craters, the highest peak being the Piton des Neiges, with an altitude of 10,060 feet. In the region known as the Pays Bnlle rises the only active volcano, the Piton de la Fournaise, 8713 feet above the sea. The plateau composing the island is fissured on all sides by dee]) canons through which numerous mountain torrents run to the sea. The climate is generally pleasant and healthful, but the island is occasionally visited by devastating hurricanes. The flora and fama resemble those of Madagascar. There are luxuriant tropical forests. Over one-third of the total area is under culti- vation. The principal products are sugar, vanilla, coffee, cacao, and spices. The imports and exports in 1900 amounted to .$4,250,825 and $3,367,850 respectively. About 00 per cent, of the exports consists of sugar, and about 90 per cent, of the total commerce is with France and the French colonies. The administration of the colony is in the hands of a Governor, who is assisted by a privy council and an elective council-general. The island is represented by one Senator and two Deputies in the French Parliament, and its towns are administered under the municipal code of France. The local budget for 1901 balanced at about $900,000, and the" subvention from France amounted to over one-half of the revenue. The population in 1897 was 173,192, including over 15,200 Indian coolies, 4500 natives of IMadagas- car, about 9000 Africans, and nearly 1000 Chi- nese. The white population is far from pure. The capital is Saint-Denis. The discovery of the island at the beginning of the sixteenth century is usually assigned to the Portuguese navigator Mascarenhas. after whom it was named originally. It was acquired by France in 1649. From 1810 to 1815 the isl- and was held by Great Britain. Consult: An- nuaire de Vile de la Reunion (Saint Denis, an- nually) ; Oliver, Crags and Craters: Rambles in the Island of Reunion. (London, 1896) ; Garsault, 7'otice stir la Reunion (Paris, 1900) : Hermann, Colonisation de Vile Bourbon et fondation du. quart ier Saint-Pierre (ib., 1901). REUS, ra'iis. A town of Catalonia, Spain, in the Province of Tarragona, five miles north- west of the town of Tarragona (Map: Spain, F 2), The principal buildings are the Gothic Church of San Pedro, rebuilt in 1512-69,