Page:The Presidents of the United States, 1789-1914, v. III.djvu/244

200 LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS of New York passed a resolution directing its gov ernor to defend the slaves. In December, 1857, the supreme court, in which a certiorari had been sued out, affirmed Judge Paine s decision (People v. Lemmon, 5 Sandf ., 681) , and it was still further sustained by the court of appeals at the March term, 1860 (Lemmon v. People, 20 N. Y. Hep., 562). Arthur, as a law student, and after his ad mission to the bar, became an earnest advocate for the slaves. He went to Albany to secure the inter vention in their behalf of the legislature and the governor, and he acted as their counsel in addition to attorney-general Ogden Hoffman, E. D Culver, Joseph Blunt, and (after Mr. Hoffman s death) William M. Evarts. Charles O Conor was em ployed as further counsel for the slave-holder, and argued his side before the court of appeals, while Mr. Blunt and Mr. Evarts argued for the slaves. Until 1855 the street-car companies of New York city excluded colored persons from riding with the whites, and made no adequate provision for their separate transportation. One Sunday in that year a colored woman named Lizzie Jennings, a Sabbath-school superintendent, on the way home from her school, was ejected from a car on the Fourth avenue line. Culver, Parker & Arthur brought suit in her behalf against the company in the supreme court in Brooklyn, the plaintiff recov ered a judgment, and the right of colored persons