Page:The Presidents of the United States, 1789-1914, v. III.djvu/316

264 LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS an interim.* He immediately nominated, and the senate promptly confirmed, as his cabinet Walter Q. Gresham, of Indiana, secretary of state; John G. Carlisle, of Kentucky, secretary of the treasury ; Daniel S. Lament, of New York, secretary of war; Richard Olney, of Massachusetts, attorney-gen eral; Wilson S. Bissell, of New York, postmaster- general; Hilary A. Herbert, of Alabama, secre tary of the navy; Hoke Smith, of Georgia, secre tary of the interior; and J. Sterling Morton, of Nebraska, secretary of agriculture. Judge Gresham died on May 28, 1895, having held office but a few months, and was succeeded by the attor ney-general, Mr. Olney, whose place was taken by Judson Harmon, of Ohio. A little later Post master-General Bissell resigned and was succeeded Except Grover Cleveland, no president has been re-elected un less he was a military man, or held a chief executive office during a war period. Washington was a soldier of the Revolution; Jeffer son, governor of Virginia during that war; Madison, president dur ing the second war with Great Britain; Monroe, a revolutionary officer; Jackson, the hero of the War of 1812; Lincoln, a soldier and president during the war of the rebellion; Grant, a soldier of the Mexican and civil wars; McKinley in the war of 1861-5, and Roosevelt a colonel in the war with Spain. Referring to the post-official career of the presidents, it appears that six of the twenty-seven Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Jack son, Johnson, and Hayes became planters or farmers upon retiring from public life; that seven Van Buren, Fillmore, Tyler, Grant, Cleveland, Roosevelt, and Taft openly endeavored to obtain another term; that six Van Buren, Polk, Fillmore, Pierce, Grant, and Roosevelt travelled extensively at the close of their official career; and that three John Adams, Pierce, and Buchanan sooner or later became recluses. EDITOR.