II
MERCURY
Nearest to the Sun of all the bodies of the system, excepting only the swarm of particles which give us the Zodiacal Light, is Mercury.
Till very lately, we knew next to nothing about Till lately very little known of it. this planet. Its doings, as represented by its path, were well determined, but its self not at all. Part cause of this was its nearness to the Sun; a part, its being an inferior planet, and thus being but ill seen when most observable; for when at its greatest apparent distance from the Sun,—at one of its elongations, as it is called,—half of it alone is illuminated, and that half but poorly. Secondly, when it appears to the naked eye, and when in consequence it is generally looked for with the telescope, it is deep sunk in the vapors of the horizon, and the air through which it is seen is so tremulous that its disk, in consequence, is ill-defined. As this was supposed the best time for observation, the disk was deemed inscrutable.
But the obvious is to be avoided. Acting uponMarkings detected in 1889. this principle, Schiaparelli, in 1889, took a new departure by systematically observing Mercury by
