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Contents


Foreword by the Secretary of State for Education Michael Gove MP 4

Foreword by the Minister of State for Further Education, Skills and Lifelong Learning John Hayes MP 6

Executive Summary

What we want to achieve 8

The wider environment 9

The way forward 10

Recommendations 13

Scope 19

Part One: Introduction 20

Part Two: The Social and Labour Market Context 24

  1. The collapse of youth labour markets 24
    The nature of the labour market 28
  2. High returns to education and qualifications 30
  3. High returns to apprenticeship and employment 33
  4. Occupational change 35
  5. The implications of change (A): Young people’s entry into the English labour market 36
    The implications of change (B): How education systems are adapting—facts and misconceptions 39
    The implications of change (C): challenges for vocational education 43