Page:The Zoologist, 3rd series, vol 1 (1877).djvu/395

was clear and invariable; and elsewhere the succession, though defective, was never transgressed. Excepting the overlying blocks of limestone, of course, all the deposits contained remains of animals, which, however, were not abundant in the stalagmites. The black mould, the uppermost bed, yielded teeth and bones of Man, Dog, Fox, Badger, Brown Bear, Bos longifrons, Roedeer, Sheep, Goat, Pig, Hare, Rabbit, and Seal—species still existing, and almost all of them in Devonshire. This has been called the Ovine bed, the remains of Sheep being restricted to it. In it were also found numerous flint flakes and "strike-lights," stone spindlewhorls, fragments of curvilineal pieces of slate, amber beads, bone tools, including awls, chisels, and combs; bronze articles, such as rings, a fibula, a spoon, a spear-head, a socketed celt, and a pin; pieces of smelted copper, and a great number and variety of potsherds, including fragments of Samian ware. The granular stalagmite, black band, and cave-earth, taken together as belonging to one and the same biological period, may be termed the Hyænine beds, the Cave Hyæna being their most prevalent species, and found in them alone. So far as they have been identified, the remains belong to the Cave Hyæna, Equus caballus, Rhinoceros tichorhinus, gigantic Irish Deer, Bos primigeneus, Bison priscus, Red Deer, Mammoth, Badger, Cave Bear, Grizzly Bear, Brown Bear, Cave Lion, Wolf, Fox, Reindeer, Beaver, Glutton, Machairodus latidens, and Man—the last being a part of a jaw with teeth, in the granular stalagmite. In the same beds were found unpolished ovate and lanceolate implements made from flakes, not nodules, of flint and chert; flint flakes, chips, and "cores;" "whetstones," a "hammer-stone," dead shells of Pecten, bits of charcoal and bone tools, including a needle or bodkin having a well-formed eye, a pin, an awl, three harpoons, and a perforated tooth of Badger. The artificial objects, of both bone and stone, were found at all depths in each of the hyænine beds, but were much more numerous below the stalagmite than in it. The relics found in the crystalline stalagmite and the breccia, in some places extremely abundant, were almost exclusively those of Bear, the only exceptions being a very few remains of Cave Lion and Fox. Hence these have been termed the Ursine beds. It will be remembered that teeth and bones of Bear were also met with in both the hyænine and the ovine beds; and it should be understood that this biological classification is intended to apply to Kent's Cavern only. The ursine deposits, or