- Pensions, 583
- People, Roman, 27-28; early German, 47-48; Byzantine, 128, 131-33; Slavic, 152; medieval, 313, 347, 409, 417, 440-42, 444-45, 524; English, 459, 522, 563-64, 627, 630; mob of Paris, 520-21; French, 527, 625; sovereignty of, proclaimed, 562; Italian, 578, 582, 585, 635; Spanish, 631
- Pepin I, of Landen, 193, 198
- Pepin II, of Heristal, 194, 198
- Pepin III, King of the Franks, 169, 179, 194-200, 208, 210
- Pepin V, King of Aquitaine, 212
- Pepin VI, King of Aquitaine, 213
- Perfected, of the Cathari, 443
- Périgord, 272, 510
- Périgueux, 376
- Periods of history, 13-15; and see Old stone age, Bronze age, Iron age, Middle Ages, etc.
- Péronne, 366, 625, 640
- Perpendicular architecture, 431
- Perpignan, 568
- Persecution, of Christians, 100, 104, 114, 116, 187; by Christians, 104-06, 124, 133, 138, 444, 561, 564, 632; and see Heresy, Inquisition
- Persia, 40, 58, 64, 69, 76, 109, 111, 128, 134. I39-40, 143, 150, 154, 176-78, 180-81, 184, 309, 407, 549, 556, 608
- Persian Gulf, 551, 608
- Persian language, 10, 407
- Persian wars, 128, 139, 150
- Personal character of early German law, 52
- Perspective, 601, 604
- Perugia, 566
- Perugino, 598, 605-06
- Petchenegs, or Patzinaks, 229-30, 309
- Peter the Apostle, 106-07, 197, 208, 286, 440
- Peter, King of Bulgaria, 229
- Peter II, King of Aragon, 445, 455-56, 488
- Peter of Abano, 388, 590
- Peter the Hermit, 313-15
- Peter Lombard, 382, 439
- Peter Waldo, see Waldo
- Peterborough Cathedral, 423
- Petitions of Commons, 485-86, 522
- Petrarch, 96, 560, 576, 587-88, 590, 593, 596, 598, 601
- Pharaohs, 28
- Philanthropy, in Roman Empire, 27; Mohammedan, 185, 188; medieval, 281, 440, 450, 495; and see Patrons
- Philip, King of Macedon, 22
- Philip I, King of France, 267, 270, 314
- Philip II, or Augustus, 321, 444, 457,
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- 459-60, 463, 466, 493-94, 498, 502, 508
- Philip III, 497-98
- Philip IV, or the Fair, 483, 498-508, 512, 538
- Philip V, 502
- Philip VI, 511-13, 519, 522
- Philip II, or of Swabia, Holy Roman Emperor, 461-62, 466
- Philip of Dreux, 437
- Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, 525
- Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, 527, 618, 624, 639
- Philip, Archduke of Austria, 632-33
- Philology, 590
- Philopœmen, 21
- Philosophy, ancient, 21, 24, 31, 61-62, 64, 99, 1 12-14, 124-25, 134; Mohammedan, 181, 189; medieval, 378-82, 384-86, 389, 393, 411, 442, 606; and see Greek philosophy
- Phocas, Byzantine Emperor, 150, 159
- Phoenicia, 20, 60, 183
- Photius, 148
- Phrygia, 64
- Physics, 22, 386
- Piacenza, 352, 638
- Picards, 389
- Picts, 11, 40, 84, 166
- Piedmont, 580
- Piers, Romanesque, 420, 423; Gothic, 424-25, 431
- Piers, see The Vision of, the Ploughman
- Pietro Orseolo II, Doge of Venice, 342
- Pilaster strips, 421
- Pilate, Pontius, 296
- Pile villages, 3-4, 54
- Pilgrims, Mohammedan, 174, 176; Christian, 189, 200, 270, 301, 311-12, 318, 320, 326, 366, 441, 492, 504, 560, 563; pretended, 516
- Pinnacles, 429, 435
- Piracy, ancient, 25, 31; of Vandals, 83; of Saracens, 189, 226; medieval, 238, 329, 342, 345
- Pisa, 313, 318-19, 340-41, 343, 345, 354, 435, 464, 467, 583-84, 601; cathedral of, 421; Council of, 567 Pisano, see Niccola
- Pius II, Pope, 574
- Placidia, see Galla
- Plague, 67, 149, 154-55, 157, 313, 316, 443, 468, 514-16, 518, 570
- Plains of Europe, 11-12
- Plantagenet dynasty, 278, 384, 456-57, 460, 492-93
- Plato, 22, 64, 70, 134, 378, 380, 385
- Plessis, 624
- Pliny the Elder, 24
- Plotinus, 64-65, 96
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