Reasoning—a comparison of two objects and discovery of their constant or inconstant relations, properly employed in the absence of at least one object from sensation, 73; opposed to perception, 73, 87, 89 (cf. 103); does not require three ideas, e.g. we infer a cause immediately from its effect, and this is the strongest kind of reasoning, 97 n; resolvable into conception, 97 n; implies antecedent possession of ideas, 164; probable, nothing but a species of sensation, 103; (cf. 73, 625); influence of reasoning from cause and effect on will, 119; and belief is some sensation or peculiar manner of conception which 'tis impossible for mere ideas and reflections to destroy, 184; the conviction which arises from subtle reasoning diminishes in proportion to the effort required to enter into it, 186 (cf. 455); demonstrative and probable: the province of the former is 'the world of ideas' as opposed to the 'world of realities.' 413; is merely an operation of our thoughts and ideas, and nothing can enter into our conclusions but ideas or fainter conceptions, 625 (cf. 103).
Rebellion (v. Resistance).
Reflection—impressions of, 7, 84, 276; cannot destroy belief, 184; 'reason or reflection,' 215; artificial=that which is the result of reflection, 484; changes directions of passions, 492; on tendency of characters and passions to produce happiness, the chief source of moral sentiments, 589; continually required to correct appearance of objects to our senses, 603.
Relation. `
§ 1. A. Relations a class of complex ideas produced by association, 13; defined and divided into philosophical and natural, 14 (cf. 94, 69, 170); seven sources of philosophical relation, 14; physiological explanation of, 60; of causation, an impression of reflection, 165; perfect, between two objects implies a 'vibration of imagination,' i.e. an equal ease in passing from either to the other, 355; contiguity, succession, and resemblance independent of and antecedent to the operations of the understanding, 168; impossible to found a relation except on some common quality, 236.
B. Four kinds only of philosophical relation are 'objects of knowledge and certainty' and 'the foundation of science,' as 'depending solely upon ideas,' and unalterable so long as the ideas continue the same, 69 (cf. 413, 463); viz. resemblance, contrariety, degrees of quality, which are discoverable at first sight by intuition, 70, and proportions in quantity or number, which can only be settled precisely by arithmetic and algebra, and less precisely by geometry, 71.
C. Discovery of constant or inconstant relations of two objects by comparison, the function of all reasoning, 73; discovery of relations of time and place and identity the work of perception rather than reasoning, 73; three inconstant relations which depend not upon
