110 STAT. 3488 PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 Public Law 104-294 104th Congress An Act Oct. 11, 1996 To amend title 18, United States Code, to protect proprietary economic information, [H.R. 3723] ^^^ ^°^ other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of Economic the United States of America in Congress assembled, Esp^nage Act of g^cTlON 1. SHORT TITLE. 18 USC 1 note. j;^^ ^^^ ^^^^ y^^ ^-^g^j ^^ ^^ "Economic Espionage Act of 1996". TITLE I—PROTECTION OF TRADE SECRETS SEC. 101. PROTECTION OF TRADE SECRETS. (a) IN GENERAL. — Title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after chapter 89 the following: "CHAPTER 90—PROTECTION OF TRADE SECRETS "Sec. "1831. Economic espionage. "1832. Theft of trade secrets. "1833. Exceptions to prohibitions. "1834. Criminal forfeiture. "1835. Orders to preserve confidentiality. "1836. Civil proceedings to ei\join violations. "1837. Conduct outside the United States. "1838. Construction with other laws. "1839. Definitions.
- § 1831. Economic espionage
"(a) IN GENERAL. — Whoever, intending or knowing that the offense will benefit any foreign government, foreign instrmnentality, or foreign agent, knowingly— "(1) steals, or without authorization appropriates, takes, carries away, or conceals, or by fraud, artifice, or deception obtains a trade secret; "(2) without authorization copies, duplicates, sketches, draws, photographs, downloads, uploads, alters, destroys, photocopies, replicates, transmits, delivers, sends, mails, communicates, or conveys a trade secret; "(3) receives, buys, or possesses a trade secret, knowing the same to have been stolen or appropriated, obtained, or converted without authorization; "(4) attempts to commit any offense described in any of paragraphs (1) through (3); or
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