without any reference to the Pope. At the close of the volume he gives a list of Adiaphora, or things indifferent, in which he observes that
"although the greatest reverence, obedience and submission be due to the Supreme Pontiff yet he is not favoured with the special privilege of inerrancy which was given by Christ our Lord only to the Church."[1]
Indeed, the majority of the faithful, and above all the Bishops and clergy, did not share in Germany the Ultramontane views.[2] The theological faculties of Tübingen and Munich were firmly attached to the Episcopal conception, and thereby equally opposed to the autocratic Roman idea. Hefele at Tübingen had pronounced, as a historian, hardly less distinctly than Döllinger at Munich.
Before obeying the summons to attend the Vatican Council, an Assembly of German Bishops was held at Fulda (September i869).[3] Some twenty Bishops were present. There was Melchers, Archbishop of Cologne, who presided; there was Döllinger's Diocesan, Scherr, Archbishop of Munich, well acquainted with the historian's principles, and no more an Ultramontane than Döllinger himself; there was Ketteler, Bishop of Maintz, in whose diocese the recognised Catechism had for years instructed the faithful to reject Papal Infallibility, and who became one of the most persistent opponents of the doctrine to the very last in Rome, and in the Pope's own presence; there was Conrad Martin, afterwards an Infallibilist, but at present known as author of a widely disseminated handbook in which the doctrine was denied; and there was Hefele, Bishop
