tionsgeschichte, Leipzig, 1730 and 1733; also Loescher, Vollstandige Reformationsacta, I, Leipzig, 1720.
(b) Secondary Works. Beside the general works in Church History and History of Doctrine, see the Lives of Luther, in German especially those of Köstlin-Kawerau, Kolde, Berger and Hausrath; in English those of Beard, Jacobs, Lindsay, Smith and McGiffert; also Boehmer, Luther im Lichte der neueren Forschung, 2d ed., Leipzig, 1910.
On the indulgences in their relation to the Sacrament of Penance, H. C. Lea, History of Confession and Indulgence, especially Vol. III, Philadelphia, 1896; Brieger, Das Wesen des Ablasses am Ausgang des Mittelalters, Leipzig, 1897, and Article Indulgenzen in PRE.3 IX, pp. 76 ff. (Eng. in Schaff-Herzog v., pp. 485-88); Gottlob, Kreuzablass und Almosenablass, Stuttgart, 1906 (especially valuable for the origin of indulgences).
On the indulgences and the XCV Theses, Koestlin, Luther's Theologie, Leipzig, 1883 (Eng. Trans, by Hay, The Theology of Luther, Philadelphia, 1897); Bratke, Luther's XCV Thesen und ihre dogmengeschichtlichen Voraussetzungen, Göttingen, 1884; Dieckhoff, Der Ablassstreit dogmengeschichtlich dargestellt, Gotha, 1886; Lindsay, History of the Reformation, I, New York, 1906; Tschachert, Entstehung der lutherischen und reformierten Kirchenlehre, Göttingen, 1910.
On the financial aspects of the indulgence-traffic, Schulte, Die Fugger in Rom, 2 vols., Leipzig, 1904.
CHARLES M. JACOBS.
- Allentown, Pa.
