CHAPTER III.
BEDS AND BEDDING.
HEN we discuss a bedroom, the bed
I ought certainly to be the first thing
considered. Here at least, is a
great improvement within even the
last forty or fifty years. Where
are now those awful four-posters, so often
surmounted by huge wooden knobs or plumes of
feathers, or which even offered hideously carved
griffin's heads to superintend your slumbers?
Gone, "quite gone," as children say. At first we
ran as usual into the opposite extreme, and
bestowed ourselves at night in frightful and vulgar
frames of cast iron, ornamented with tawdry gilt or
bronze scroll-work, but such things are seldom seen
now, and even the cheap common iron or brass
bedstead of the present day has at least the merit
of simplicity. Its plain rails at foot and head are
a vast improvement on the fantastic patterns of
Fig. 1. even twenty years ago, and the bedsteads of the
present day will long continue in general use in
modern houses. Their extreme cheapness and
cleanliness are great points in their favour, and
when they are made low, and have a spring frame
with one rather thick mattress at the top, they are
perfectly comfortable to sleep in besides being
harmless to look at.
But in many rooms where the style of both
decoration and furniture has been carried back for
a century and a half, and all the severe and artistic
lines of the tastes of those days must needs be
preserved, then indeed an ordinary iron or brass
bedstead, of ever so unobtrusive a pattern would be
ludicrously out of place. Still, if our minds revolt
from anything like a return to the old nightmare-haunted
huge Beds of Ware, we can find something
to sleep on which will be in harmony with the rest
of the surroundings, and yet combine the modern
needs of air and light with the old-fashioned
strictness of form and beauty of detail. Here is a
drawing (Fig. 1) made from an old Dutch
bedstead by Mr. Lathrop. The sides are of
beautifully and conscientiously inlaid work, whilst the
slight outward slope of both the head and
footboard insures the perfection of comfort. To avoid
a too great austerity of form, the upper cap of
the foot-board has been cut in curves, and the solidity of the legs modified ever so slightly.
The bedding of this bedstead must by no means
project beyond its sides, but must fit into the
Fig. 2.
box-like cavity intended to receive it. In this
bedstead (Fig. 2), which was made from a design by Mr. Sandier, more latitude is allowed in this
respect, and its perfect simplicity can only be
equalled by its beauty.
The form of wooden bedstead (Fig. 3), which could easily be copied at all events in its general idea, by any village carpenter, would be exceedingly pretty and original for a young girl's bedroom. It is intended to be of oak with side rails which are to pass through carved posts, and be held by wooden pins, as are also the end rails. For durability as well as simplicity this design leaves nothing to be desired, and it can be made in almost any hard wood, whilst every year would only add to its intrinsic worth. How many of us mothers have taken special delight in preparing a room for our daughters when they return from school "for good"—when they leave off learning lessons out of books, and try, with varied success, to learn and apply those harder lessons, which have to be learned without either books or teachers.
What sumptuous room in after years ever affords the deep delight of the sense of ownership which attends the first awakening of a girl in a room of her very own? and it is a vivid recollection of this pure delight of one's own bygone girl-days which prompts us to do our best to furbish up ever so homely a room for our eldest daughter. If a pretty, fresh carpet is unattainable, then let us have bare boards, with rugs, or skins, or whatever is available. Necessity developes ingenuity, and ingenuity goes a long way. I never learned the meaning of either word until I found myself very far removed from shops, and forced to invent or substitute the materials wherewith to carry out my own little decorative ideas.
Fig. 3.
Some very lofty rooms seem to require a more furnished style of bed, and for these stately sleeping-places it may be well to have sweeping curtains of silk or satin gathered up quite or almost at the ceiling and falling in ample straight folds on either side of a wide, low bedstead. They would naturally be kept out of the way by slender arms or brackets some six or eight feet from the floor, which would prevent the curtains from clinging too closely round the bed, and give the right lines to the draperies. But, speaking individually, it is never to such solemn sleeping-places as these, that my fancy reverts when, weary and travel-stained, and in view of some homely wayside room, one thinks by way of contrast, of other and prettier bedrooms. No, it is rather to simple, lovely little nests of chintz and muslin, with roses inside and outside the wall, with low chairs and writing table, sofa and toilet all in the same room—a bedroom and bower in one. Edgar Allan Poe declares that to
"slumber aright
You must sleep in just such a bed."
But he only says it of the last bed of all. Without going so far as that, I can declare that I have slumbered "aright" in extraordinary beds, in extraordinary places, on tables, and under them (that was to be out of the way of being walked upon), on mats, on trunks, on all sorts of wonderful contrivances. I slept once very soundly on a piece of sacking stretched between two bullock trunks, though my last waking thought was an uneasy misgiving as to the durability of the frail-looking iron pins at each end of this yard of canvas, which fitted into corresponding eyelet holes in the trunks. I know the uneasiness of mattresses stuffed with chopped grass, and the lumpiness of those filled by amateur hands with wool—au naturel. Odours also are familiar unto me, the most objectionable being, perhaps, that arising from a feather bed in a Scotch inn, and from a seaweed mattress in an Irish hotel, in which I should imagine many curious specimens of marine zoology had been entombed by mistake.
But there is one thing I want to say most emphatically, and that is that I have met with greater dirt and discomfort, worse furniture, more comfortless beds (I will say nothing of the vileness of the food!), and a more general air of primitive barbarism in inns and lodgings in out-of-the-way places in Great Britain and Ireland, than I have ever come across in any colony. I know half-a-dozen places visited by heaps of tourists every year, within half-a-dozen hours' journey of London, which are far behind, in general comfort and convenience, most of the roadside inns either in New Zealand or Natal. It is very inexplicable why it should be so, but it is a fact. It is marvellous that there should often be such dirt and discomfort and general shabbiness and dinginess under circumstances which, compared with colonial difficulties, including want of money, would seem all that could be desired.
However, to return to the subject in hand. We will take it for granted that a point of equal importance with the form of the bedstead is its comfort but this must always be left to the decision of its occupant Some people prefer beds and pillows of an adamantine hardness, others of a luxurious softness. Either extreme is bad, in my opinion. As a rule, however, I should have the mattresses for children's use rather hard—a firm horsehair on the top of a wool mattress, and children's pillows should always be low. Some people heap bedclothes over their sleeping children, but I am sure this is a bad plan. I would always take care that a child was quite warm enough, especially when it gets into bed of a winter's night, but after a good temperature has been established I would remove the extra wraps and accustom the child to sleep with light covering. A little flannel jacket for a young child who throws its arms outside the bedclothes is a good plan, and saves them from many a cough or cold. In the case of a delicate, chilly child, I would even recommend a flannel bed-gown or dressing-gown to sleep in in the depth of winter, for it saves a weight of clothes over them. I never use a quilt at night for children; it keeps in the heat too much, but blankets of the best possible quality are a great advantage. The cheap ones are heavy and not nearly so warm, whereas a good, expensive blanket not only wears twice as long, but is much more light and wholesome as a covering. Nor would I permit soft pillows; of course there is a medium between a fluff of down and a stone, and it is just a medium pillow I should recommend for young children and growing girls and boys. The fondest and fussiest parents do not always understand that, on the most careful attention to some such simple rules depend the straightness of their children's spines, the strength of their young elastic limbs, their freedom from colds and coughs, and in fact their general health. Often the daylight hours are weighted by a heavy mass of rules and regulations, but few consider that half of a young child's life should be spent in its bed. So that unless the atmosphere of the room they sleep in, the quality of the bed they lie on, and the texture of the clothes which cover them, are taken into consideration, it is only half their existence which is being cared for.
All bedsteads are healthier for being as low as
possible; thus insuring a better circulation of air
above the sleeper's face, and doing away with the
untidy possibility of keeping boxes or carpet-bags 
Fig. 4. under the bedstead. There should be no valance
to any bedstead. In the daytime an ample quilt
thrown over the bedding will be quite drapery
enough, and at night it is just as well to have a
current of air beneath the frame of the bed. The
new spring mattresses are very nearly perfect as
regards the elasticity which is so necessary in a
couch, and they can be suited to all tastes by
having either soft or hard horsehair or finely picked
wool mattresses on the top of them. Whenever it
is possible, I would have children put to sleep in
separate bedsteads, even if they like to have them
close together as in Fig. 4.
There are many varieties of elastic mattresses, though I prefer the more clumsy one of spiral springs inclosed in a sort of frame. For transport this is, however, very cumbrous, and in such a case it would be well to seek other and lighter kinds. It must be also remembered that these spring mattresses are only suitable for modern beds in modern rooms; the old carven beds of a "Queen Anne" bedroom must needs be made comfortable by hair and wool mattresses only.
In many cases, however, where economy of space and weight has to be considered, I would recommend a new sort of elastic mattress which can easily be affixed to any bedstead. It resembles a coat of mail more than anything else and possesses the triple merit in these travelling days of being cool, clean, and portable.
The frowsy old feather bed of one's infancy has so completely gone out of favour that it is hardly necessary to place one more stone on the cairn of abuse already raised over it by doctors' and nurses' hands. A couple of thick mattresses, one of horsehair and one of wool, will make as soft and comfortable a bed as anyone need wish for.
Instead of curtains, which the modern form of
bedstead renders incongruous and impossible,
screens on either side of the bed are a much
prettier and more healthy substitute. I like screens
immensely; they insure privacy, they keep out the
light if necessary, and are a great improvement
to the look of any room. It is hardly necessary to
say they should suit the style of its decoration. If
you are arranging a lofty old-fashioned room, then
let your screens be of old Dutch leather—of which
beautiful fragments are to be found—with a
groundwork which can only be described by paradoxes,
for it is at once solid and light, sombre and gay.
Any one who has seen those old stamped leather
screens of a peculiar sea-green blue, with a
raised dull gold arabesque design on them, will
know what I mean. There are also beautiful old Indian or Japan lacquered screens, light, and
with very little pattern on them; even imitation
Fig. 5.
ones of Indian pattern paper are admissible to
narrow purses, but anything real is always much more satisfactory. If again your bower is a
modern Frenchified concern, then screen off its
angles by écrans of gay tapestry or embroidered
folding leaves, or paper-covered screens of delicate
tints with sprays of trailing blossom, and here and
there a bright-winged bird or butterfly. Designs
for all these varieties of screens can be obtained in
great perfection at the Royal School of Art
Needlework. But for a simple modern English
bedroom, snug as a bird's nest, and bright and
fresh as a summer morning I should choose
screens of slender wooden rails with fluted
curtains of muslin and lace cunningly hung thereon.
Only it must be remembered that these entail
constant change, and require to be always
exquisitely fresh and clean.
It often happens that another spare bed is wanted on an emergency, and it is a great point in designing couches for a nondescript room, a room which is some one person's peculiar private property, whether called a den or a study, a smoking-room or a boudoir, that the said couch should be able "a double debt to pay" on a pinch. I have lately seen two such resting-places which were both convenient and comfortable. The first was a long, low settee of cane, with a thin mattress over its seat, and a thicker one, doubled in two, forming a luxurious back against the wall by day. At night, this mattress could be laid flat out on the top of the other, which gave increased width as well as softness to the extempore bed.
The other, of modern carved oak, had been copied from the pattern of an old settle. It was low and wide, with only one deep well-stuffed mattress, round which an Algerine striped blue and white cotton cloth had been wrapped. Of course this could be removed at night, and the bed made up in the usual way. It struck me, with its low, strong railing round three sides, as peculiarly suitable for a change of couch for a sick child, though it could hardly be used by a full-grown person as a bed.
So now all has been said that need be on the
point of a sleeping place. It is too essentially
a matter of choice to allow of more than
suggestion; and at least my readers will admit that I
am only arbitrary on the points of fresh air and
cleanliness.
