Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 10

TRANSACTIONS

AND

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE,

1877.

VOL. X.

EDITED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE INSTITUTE,

By

JAMES HECTOR, C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S.

Issued May, 1878.

WELLINGTON:
LYON AND BLAIR, PRINTERS, LAMBTON QUAY

TRUBNER & CO., 60, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.

PREFACE.

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The Editor begs to acknowledge assistance afforded by the following gentlemen in revising their papers for this volume:—viz., Messrs. Carruthers, Higginson, Buller, Newman, Skey, and Travers. Most of the proofs of Mr. Kirk's papers were also corrected by him, while Mr. Stack corrected his map and genealogies, and Mr. Cockburn-Hood sent his paper in print with corrections marked thereon.

The paper on the Botany of New Zealand, by Mr. Kirk, which appears in the Appendix, was reserved by the author for completion, on receipt of certain works of reference, until too late for insertion in its proper place in the volume.

The thanks of the Board are due to Mr. Gore for the preparation of the usual Meteorological Abstracts in advance of the annual statistics, and to Mr. Buchanan, draftsman, and Mr. Deveril, of the photo-lithographic department, for their valuable assistance in the illustration of the volume; and to Mr. Earle, who, by permission of the Hon. the Colonial Secretary, was allowed to print the plates at the Government lithographic establishment.

Attention has to be drawn to the fact that, subsequent to the publication of Volume IX., a supplement to that volume was published in July, containing the Proceedings for that year, and an Appendix containing several important papers that had been held over.

ADDENDA ET COERIGENDA.

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PAGE
9,	line 15, after question insert ;
9,	line 16, for ice; read ice,
12,	line 11 from bottom, for there read then.
16,	line 8, for there read these.
57,	line 16 from bottom, for Peta Te Hone read Pita Te Hori.
57,	line 7 from bottom, for Mararoa read Maiharoa.
57,	line 6 from bottom, for Natanawhira read Natanahira.
69,	line 19 from bottom, for for read from.
72,	line 9 (and elsewhere), for Kane read Kaue.
75,	line 13, for Te Whai read Tetewhai.
79,	line 17 from bottom, for Ngaitaka read Ngaitara.
84,	line 13, for Te Kapuwai read Te Rapuwai.
84,	line 16 from below, omit "
86,	line 8 from below, for Browny read Browning's.
88,	In quotation, for her involved, read him involved.
91,	line 14 from bottom, for To read Io.
105,	line 10, after settling insert on.
116,	line 13 from bottom, for Le Maine read Le Maire.
123,	line 3 from bottom (and elsewhere), for kumera read kumara.
126,	line 17, after off insert to.
129,	line 4, for Te Kuku read Te Koukou
152,	line 3, for mohopatahi read mohopatatai.
213,	In first footnote, for VII. read VI.

CONTENTS.

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TRANSACTIONS.

I.—Miscellaneous.
			PAGES
Art.	I.	New Zealand a Post-glacial Centre of Creation. By T. H. Cockburn-Hood, F.G.S.	3–24
	II.	On Mill's Fourth Fundamental Theorem respecting Capital. By John Carruthers, M. Inst. C.E.	24–34
	III.	Observations on the Evidences of recent Change in the Elevation of the Waikato District. By James Stewart, C.E.	34–37
	IV.	Address. By Professor Julius von Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S., President of the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury	37–56
	V.	Sketch of the Traditional History of the South Island Maoris. By the Rev. James W. Stack	57–92
	VI.	On the Influence of the Earth's Rotation on Rivers. By A. C. Baines	92–96
	VII.	On a peculiar Method of Arrow Propulsion as observed amongst the Maoris. By Coleman Phillips	97–99
	VIII.	On the Day in which Captain Cook took formal Possession of New Zealand. By W. Colenso, F.L.S.	99–108
	IX.	Manibus Parkinsonibus Sacrum: A brief Memoir of the First Artist who visited New Zealand; together with several little-known Items of Interest extracted from his Journal. By W. Colenso, F.L.S.	108–134
	X.	Notes, chiefly historical, on the ancient Dog of the New Zealanders. By W. Colenso, F.L.S.	135–155
	XI.	A System of Weights and Measures. By J. Carruthers, M. Inst. C.E.	155–160
	XII.	Notes on blowing up Snags in the Waikato River with Dynamite. By R. R. Hunt	161–164
	XIII.	Notes on the Firing of Torpedoes by Electricity. By J. A. Pond	164–170
	XIV.	Experiments on the Lifting-power of Inclined Planes in Aerial Transit. By Henry Skey	170–173
	XV.	Introduction of the Tension Wheel in Aerial Transit. By Henry Skey	173–176
	XVI.	Introduction of the Principle of the Gyroscope in Aerial Transit. By Henry Skey	176–180
	XVII.	On Floods in Lake Districts and Flooded Rivers in general, with Methods adopted for their Prevention and Control. By H. P. Higginson, M. Inst. C.E.	180–189
	XVIII.	On a means of selecting the most durable Timber. By John Buchanan	190
II.—Zoology.
	XIX.	Notes on the Ornithology of New Zealand. By Walter L. Buller, C.M.G., Sc.D., F.L.S.	191–201
	XX.	Further Notes on the Ornithology of New Zealand. By W. L. Buller.	201–209
	XXI.	On the Disappearance of the Korimako (Anthornis melanura) from the North Island. By W. L. Buller	209–211
	XXII.	Further descriptive Notes of the Huia (Heteralocha acutirostris). By W. L. Buller	211
	XXIII.	On the Egg of the Huia (Heteralocha acutirostris). By W. L. Buller	212
	XXIV.	On the Species forming the Genus Ocydromus, a peculiar Group of brevi-pennate Rails. By W. L. Buller	213–216
	XXV.	Notice of the Occurrence of the Shy Albatros (Diomedea cauta) in the North Island. By W. L. Buller	217–219
	XXVI.	On the Addition of the Red-tailed Tropic Bird (Phæton rubricauda) to the Avifauna of New Zealand. By W. L. Buller	219–220
	XXVII.	Notice of a new Variety of Tuatara Lizard (Sphenodon) from East Cape Island. By W. L. Buller	220–221
	XXVIII.	Notes on the Physiology and Anatomy of the Tuatara (Sphenodon güntheri). By A. K. Newman, M.B., M.R.C.P.	222–239
	XXIX.	Disappearance of the small Birds of New Zealand. By D. C. Wilson	239–242
	XXX.	On two new Fishes. By F. E. Clarke	243–246
	XXXI.	Notes on Regalecus pacificus, a new Species of Ribbon-fish from the New Zealand Seas. By Julius von Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S.	246–250
	XXXII.	On the Habits of the New Zealand Grayling (Prototroctes oxyrhynchus). By J. Rutland	250–252
	XXXIII.	Supplementary Description of Species or Varieties of Chrysophani (Lepidoptera Rhopalocera) inhabiting New Zealand. By R. W. Fereday, C.M.E.S.L.	252–259
	XXXIV.	Description of new Genera and Species of Psychidæ. By R. W. Fereday	260–263
	XXXV.	On the Butterflies of New Zealand. By Arthur G. Butler, F.L.S., etc. Communicated by John D. Enys, F.G.S.	263–276
	XXXVI.	Notes on the Metamorphosis and Development of one of our large Butterflies (Danais berenice), or a closely-allied Species. By W. Colenso, F.L.S.	276–280
	XXXVII.	On a new Species of Trapdoor Spider from New Zealand. By the Rev. O. P. Cambridge, A.M., C.M.Z.S., Hon. Mem. N.Z. Inst.	281–287
	XXXVIII.	Second Note on the Maori Rat. By Professor F. W. Hutton	288
	XXXIX.	Notes on the New Zealand Myriopoda in the Otago Museum. By Professor F. W. Hutton	288–293
	XL.	Contributions to the Conchology of New Zealand. By Professor F. W. Hutton	293–299
	XLI.	Notes on a Marine Spider found at Cape Campbell. By C. H. Robson	299–300
	XLII.	Description of Trapdoor Spiders' Nests from California and firom Western Australia in the Christchurch Museum. By R. Gillies, F.L.S.	301–306
	XLIII.	Notes on some Changes in the Fauna of Otago. By R. Gillies	306–324
	XLIV.	The Dunedin Fish Supply. By P. Thomson	324–330
	XLV.	Notes on the Whales of the New Zealand Seas. By James Hector, C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S.	331–343
III.—Botany.
	XLVI.	On Grasses. By S. M. Curl, M.D.	345–353
	XLVII.	Notes on the Fertilization of Glossostigma. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S.	353–356
	XLVIII.	Description of a new Species of Polypodium. By T. F. Cheeseman	356–357
	XLIX.	Note on a branched Nikau Tree. By S. Percy Smith	357–358
	L.	Notes on Ferns. By T. H. Potts	358–362
	LI.	On the Naturalized Plants of Port Nicholson and the adjacent District. By T. Kirk, F.L.S.	362–378
	LII.	On the New Zealand Species of Phyllocladus. By T. Kirk	373–383
	LIII.	A revised Arrangement of the New Zealand Species of Dacrydium, with Descriptions of new Species. By T. Kirk	383–391
	LIV.	Notice of the Occurrence of a Variety of Zostera nana, Roth, in New Zealand. By T. Kirk	392–393
	LV.	Notice of the Occurrence of Juncus glaucus, L., in New Zealand. By T. Kirk	393–394
	LVI.	Description of a new Species of Hymenophyllum. By T. Kirk	394
	LVII.	On Hymenophyllum villosum, Colenso. By T. Kirk	395–396
	LVIII.	On Lindsaya viridis, Colenso. By T. Kirk	396–398
	LIX.	On Nephrodium decompositum, Br., and N. glabellum, A. Cunn. By T. Kirk	398–400
	LX.	On the Botany of the Bluff Hill. By T. Kirk	400–406
	LXI.	Contributions to the Botany of Otago. By T. Kirk	406–417
	LXII.	Notes on three dried Specimens of Matai (Podocarpus spicata). By T. Kirk	417–418
	LXIII.	Notice of the Discovery of Monoclea forsteri, Hook., in New Zealand. By T. Kirk	418–419
	LXIV.	Descriptions of New Plants. By T. Kirk	419–421
IV.—Chemistry.
	LXV.	On certain of the Mineral Waters of New Zealand. By William Skey, Analyst to the Geological Survey Department	423–448
	LXVI.	On the Result of an Examination of certain of our Manganese Ores for Cobalt. By William Skey	448–449
	LXVII.	On the Solubility of Calcic Carbonate in Solutions of the Alkaline Chlorides. By William Skey	449–452
	LXVIII.	On the Degree of Solubility of certain Earthy Carbonates in pure Water. By William Skey	452–454
	LXIX.	On the Presence of Nickel in the Auckland District. By J. A. Pond	454–456
	LXX.	Notes on a Deposit in the Shaft of the Pumping Association. By G. Black	456–458
V.—Geology.
	LXXI.	Remarks as to the Cause of the Warmer Climate which existed in high Northern Latitudes during former Geological Periods. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S.	459–469
	LXXII.	Further Remarks as to the Cause of the Warmer Climate which existed in high Northern Latitudes during former Geological Epochs. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S.	470–474
	LXXIII.	On the Formation of detached Shingle Beaches. By John Carruthers, M. Inst. C.E.	475–477
	LXXIV.	On Gold in the Wellington Provincial District. By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S.	477–480
	LXXV.	On the Occurrence of Gold in the Mackenzie Country, Canterbury. By Alexander McKay, of the Geological Survey Department	481–484
	LXXVI.	On the Belemnites found in New Zealand. By Dr. Hector, C.M.G., F.R.S., Director of the Geological Survey	484–489
	LXXVII.	Notes on some of the New Zealand Minerals belonging to the Otago Museum, Dunedin. By A. Liversidge, Professor in the University of Sydney. Communicated by Professor Hutton	490–505
	LXXVIII.	Analyses of a Rock Specimen from New Zealand, showing the Junction between Granite and Slate. By Archibald Liversidge, Professor of Geology and Mineralogy in the University of Sydney. Communicated by Professor Hutton	505–506
NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE.
Ninth Annual Report of the Board of Governors			509–510
Museum			511–515
Laboratory			515
Accounts of the New Zealand Institute			516
PROCEEDINGS.
WELLINGTON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
Address by the President, W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S. (abstract)			519
Notice regarding the Occurrence of the Tidal Wave of 11th May, 1877 (abstract). By J. F. Martin. Communicated by Capt. E. A. Edwin, R.N.			520–522
Notice of an Albino of the New Zealand Crow (Glaucopis wilsoni). By Dr. Hector, F.R.S.			522
On Black Mahi. By T. Kirk, F.L.S.			522
Notes on the Tidal Wave of 11th May, 1877. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S., President			522
On the Development of Azolla rubra. By Dr. Berggren, of Lund, Hon. Mem. N.Z. Inst.			522
On the Reciprocity of the Seasons with those of the Northern Hemisphere (abstract). By S. G. Rawson. Communicated by Captain Edwin			523
Some Remarks on the Plant called Prickly Comfrey (Symphytum asperrimum) (abstract). By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S.			523–524
Further Remarks upon Prickly Comfrey, with Description of Mode of storing it and other Forage Plants (abstract). By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S.			528
On the Improvement of Wellington Harbour in providing additional Wharf Accommodation (abstract). By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S.			528–529
On Nephrodium pentangularum. By T. Kirk, F.L.S.			531
On Hymenophyllum armstrongii, By T. Kirk			532
On the relative Ages of the Australian, Tasmanian, and New Zealand Coal-fields (abstract). By Dr. Hector, F.R.S.			532–533
On Regalecus gladius, and other additions to the Colonial Museum. By Dr. Hector			533
On the Mercurial Springs of the Bay of Islands (abstract). By Dr. Hector			535
Abstract Report of Council			536
Election of Officers for 1878			536
On Paper Currency, being a Reply to a Paper by John Carruthers, M. Inst. C.E. (abstract). By J. Young			536–538
Anniversary Address of the President, W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S.			539–544
AUCKLAND INSTITUTE.
Anniversary Address of the President, R. C. Barstow			545–550
The Study of Statistics. By F. J. Moss			550
Descriptions of new Species of Coleoptera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun			550
Notes on the recent Earthquake Wave, as observed at the Bay of Islands. By James Macfarlane			551
Notes on the Earthquake Wave as felt at Gisborne. By Captain Crisp, Harbourmaster			551
Description of a new Mollusk from Auckland Harbour. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S.			551
Descriptions of new Species of Coleoptera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun			551
Early Records of Auckland (abstract). By His Honour Mr. Justice Gillies			552
Reason in the Lower Animals. By F. G. Ewington			552
Note on the Discovery of Moa Remains at Awitu (abstract). By A. Mactier			552
Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun			552
Tewkesbury. By J. Adams, B.A.			553
Personal Reminiscences (abstract). By J. L. Campbell, M.D.			553
Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun			553
Notes on the Aphodiadæ of New Zealand (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun			553
Descriptions of two new Mollusks from Auckland Harbour. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S.			553
Technical Education. By J. C. Firth			554
On a Marine Plant called by the Maoris "Totaramoana." By Capt. G. Mair, F.L.S.			554–555
The Curculionidæ of New Zealand (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun			555
The New Zealand Heteromera (abstract). By Capt. T. Broun			555
Abstract of Annual Report			555
Election of Officers for 1878			555
PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE OF CANTERBURY.
On the Drainage of Christchurch. By H. Czerwonka			556
Election of Officers for 1878			557
Abstract of Annual Report			557
OTAGO INSTITUTE.
The Earth a Cinder. By Professor Black			559
On Schivendener's Theory of the Nature of Lichens. By Prof. Hutton, F.G.S.			559
On a Fungus-penetrating Nostoc. By Prof. Hutton			559
On Mental Physics. By Prof. Macgregor			559
On the Hot Springs of New Zealand. By Dr Hocken			560
On Religion and the Drama. By Prof. Sale			560
On Eudyptes schlegeli, Finsch. By Prof. Hutton			560
On the Hand in different Animals. By Prof. Scott			561
Abstract of Annual Report			561
Election of Officers for 1878			562
Address by the President, the Rt. Rev. Bishop Neville			562–566
HAWKE BAY PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE.
Abstract of Annual Report			567
Election of Officers for 1877–8			567
On two indigenous Productions—Manganese and Zostera marina—which might be made fair Articles of Export. By J. A. Smith			568–569
APPENDIX.
Meteorological Statistics of New Zealand, for 1877			xxi–xxiii
Earthquakes reported in New Zealand, during 1877			xxiii
Comparative Abstract for 1877, and previous Years			xxiv
Notes on the Weather during 1877			xxv
Abstract of Meteorological Observations, taken at Delanasau, Bay of Islands, Bua, Fiji, for the Year ending 31st December, 1877. By R. L. Holmes, F.M.S.			xxvi–xxvii
An Enumeration of recent Additions to the New Zealand Flora, with Critical and Geographical Notes. By T. Kirk, F.L.S.			xxviii–xlv
Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute			xlvi
Ordinary Members			xlvi–lvii
List of Public Institutions and Individuals to whom this volume is presented			lviii–lx
Addenda et Corrigenda			iv
Contents			v–x
List of Plates			x
Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute			xi
Abstract of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute			xi–xiii
List of Incorporated Societies			xiv–xvii
Officers of Incorporated Societies, and Extracts from the Rules			xiv–xvii

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LIST OF PLATES.

		TO FACE PAGE.
I.	v. Haast.—Rock Paintings	52
II.	Stack.—Map showing Maori Migrations and Genealogies	88
III.	Hunt.—Blowing up Snags with Dynamite	162
IV.	H. Skey.—Aerial Transit	176
V.	Buller.—Heads of Huia	212
VI.	Clarke.—Argyropelecus intermedius, Æhæonichthys appellii	244
VII.	v. Haast.—Regalecus pacificus	248
VIII.	Fereday.—New Zealand Chrysophani	256
IX.	{{{1}}}„ New Zealand Psychidæ	260
X.	Cambridge.—Nemesia gilliesii	284
XI.	Hutton.—Myriopoda	292
XII.	Butler.—New Zealand Butterflies	272
XIII.	R. Gillies.—Nests of Trapdoor Spiders	304
XIV.	Higginson.—Lake Wakatipu	184
XV.	Smith.—Branched Nikau Palm	358
XVI.	Hector.—Berardius arnuxii	338
XVII.	{{{1}}}„ Mesoplodon hectori	340
XVIII.	Kirk.—Dacrydium westlandicum	386
XIX.	{{{1}}}„ Dacrydium kirkii	390
XX.	{{{1}}}„ Dacrydium intermedium	386
XXI.	{{{1}}}„ Hymenophyllum armstrongii, H. montanum	394
XXII.	Hector.—New Zealand Belemnites	486
XXIII.	{{{1}}}„ do.do.	488