A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature/חמץ - חמר
right the oppressed, but not the oppressor (listen to the complainant first); Yoma 39b.
חמץ I (b. h.; v. preced.) [to be hot,] to ferment, be sour. Ab. Zar. 68b וכ׳ שתחמץ לה גרם מי what was the cause that it (the dough) became leavened (rose) in one hour? Pi. חמץ to cause leavening. Ib a וכ׳ לחב ראויה Ms. M. (ed. לחמע) fit to leaven with it many other doughs. Ib. וחימצו; Orl. II, 11 וחמצו נצטרפו (Y. ed. וחימיצו הצטרפו) and the two com bbined produced the required leavening. Ib. 9 וחמצה (Y. ed. וחימיצה; Ab. Zar. l. c. והחמיצה) and it made the dough rise. Orl. II ( המחמן כל whatever is used for producing fermentation; a. fr. - Trnsf. to mature, to continue a case over aight, to reserve udgment. Snh. 35a (ref. to Is I, 17, v. preced.) וכ׳ את שמחבמן דיין אשרו Ms. K. (ed. אשרי, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 20) praise the judge (in capital cases) who reserves his judgment (over night); Yalk. Is. 257. Hif החמיץ 1) same. Pes. 40a מחמיצין אינן פירות מי juice of fruits produces no leavening (in the ritual sense). Ab. Zar. 68a vלהחמי כדי (0rl. II, 8 לחמן) enough o leaven the dough. Mekh. Bo s. 10 לאחרים מחמין שהוא שאור leaven which is used for leavening other doughs; a. fr. -- Trnsf. to procrastinate. Ib. s. 91play on המפות, Ex. XII, 17) המצוה את מחמיצין אין . . .. .. כדרך as well as you must not allow the matsah to become sour, so you must not allow the mitsvah (religious act) to become sour by postpone- ment; Yalk. Ex. 201. -- 2) to turn sour, to ferment. Ab. Zar. 68b וכ׳ להחמין ראויה (Ms. M. לחמע) is likely to fer- ment in two hours. Nidd. IX, 7 שהחמיצו רגלים מי urin which ferments. -- Trnsf. to dgenerate, become wicked. R. Hash. 3b שה׳ קודם before he (the Persian King) changed for the worse. Nithpa. נתחמן to become sour (2חמ). Pes. 28b; 43a מאליו נ׳ became sour of itself (not through a leavening means).
חמץ ch. (preced. wds.) 1) to be hot, (of color) red, v. חימוצא, חימוצתא. -- 2) to be sour, salty &c. Pa. חמיץ to put to shame. Targ. Prov. X, 1 (h. text. תוגת), v. חימוצא. Af. אחמיץ 1) same. Ib. XXV, 8; XXVIII, 7 (Ms. Pa.; h. text הכלים). -- 2) to degenerate. R. Hash. 4a דא׳ מנלן what evidencee have we that he became wicked?, v. preced.
חמץ II m. (b. h.; preced. wds.) leavened bread, anything conttaining leavened substance (of the five species of grain, v. Hall. I, 1, sq.. Pes. I, 1, v. בדק. Ib. II, 2 וכ׳ עכ״ום של ח׳ hamets belonging to a gentile over which the Passover passed (which existed during the Passover week). Ib. 3 חמצו על (trad. pronunc. חמצו as if fr. חמן) on h. belonging to him. Y. Shebi. VIII, 38b bot. חמיצן וכ׳ של h. belonging to Samaritans; Y. Ab. Zar. V, 44d bot. חמצין אכל (read; חמיצן) ate their (the Samaritans) h. (immediately after Passover); a. v. fr. --- Pl. חמצים, חמצין salads, v. חומצן.
חמץ pr. n. pl. (Gr. ~~~~, ~~~~~~) Himats, Emesa (mod. Hums) a city of Syria on the Eastern bank of the Orontes. Gen. R. s. 37; Y. Meg. I, 71b bot. (expl. צמרי, Gen. X, 18). - Y. Kil. IX, 32c bot.; Y. Keth. XII, 35b bot. דח׳ ימא the Lake of E. (an artificial bay made under Diocletian); Midr. Till. to Ps. XXIV דחמין ימא (corr. acc.). --Denom. חמצאי, חומצאי m. pl. inhabitantts ofEmesa. Targ. Y. Gen. X, 18; Targ. I Chr. I, 16.
חמצא, v. חמצין] - .חימ׳, Y. Ab. Zar. V, 44d bot., v. מ II]
חמצן m. (חמץ), ח׳ בן a grasping person. Yoma39a, sq. (Ms. O. omits בן); Kidd. 53a; v. חאפון.
חמר I (cmp. חבר) 1) to join; to pile up, to load. Ikts. II, 5 שחמרן והבצלים and the onions which one has piled up; v. אמן. -- Zeb. 53a וכ׳ בגודלו וחומר and loads (l. e. supports the index finger) with his thumb on top and the little finger below (like a balanced load, v. חבר a. אבר); [Var. סומך, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 3]; Yalk.. Lev. 469. -- 2) (denom. of חהמור) to be weighty, stringent. Ohol. XIV, 3 וכ׳ זה יחמור אל this must not be made more stringent than &c.; [ed. Dehr. יחמיר.] Hif. החמיר [to put a load on,] to pass a restrictive law, to incline to the stricter opinion, opp. היקל to make easy. Yeb. 88a וכ׳ עליה שהחמרת חומר מתוך on account of the restrictions under which the law puts her in the end (if she marries again and her first husband appears), it is made easy for her in the beginning (by allowing her to marry again), i. e. her heavy responsibility will make her cautious; Y. Gitt. I, beg. 43a (add; מתוך). Nidd. 66a, a. fr. עצמן על החמירו they placed themselves under greater restrictions (than the law requires). Ned. I, 1 להחמיר, v. חכך II. Eduy. III, 10, a. e. וכ׳ כדברי מחמיר he adopts the stricter opinion of &c.; a. v. fr. [Pi. חמר, v. חמר II.]
חמר ch. same. Pa. חמר, Af. אחמיר as preced. Hif. --Y. Shek. VII, 50c bot. [read:] וכ׳ וח׳ לון מקילין חמתון he saw them to be lax in their practices, and he enjoined strictness on them. Yeb. 88a וכ׳ ליחמיר לא let one not put her under heavy restrictions (in the end), and not make it too easy for her (in the beginning, v. preced.). Nidd. 66a דאחמור היכא וכ׳ in those cases in which they have placed themselves under greater restrictions (than the law requires, v. preced.), they have done so (and follow the usage like a law), but where they have not &c. (you cannot extend the adopted usage by analogy); a. fr. -- Part. pass. מחמר, מחמר piled up, ruins; v. מחמר a. דמחמרא. tthpa. אתחמר to be piled up, to form a pile of ruins (cmp. גל). Targ. Is. XVII, 9; XXX, 13.
חמר II (b. h.) [to be hot,] 1) to glow, to parch (cmp. כמר). Snh. VII, 2 וכ׳ את וחומרת and parches his entrails (Ar., v. חמד). Nif. נחמר to be parched. Hull. III, 3 ונחמרו לאור נפלה וכ׳ if the bird fell into fire, and (on examination after slaughtering it was found that) its bowels were affected by inhaling heat (Ar., v. חמד). Gen. R. s. 38, end.