A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature/שכל - שכם
Pi. שכך (with double accuus.) to sink a thing into; ש׳ לשמוע יכולה שהיא מה אוזן to sink into the ear that which it is able to hear, i e. to assist a persons perception by gradual increase of sound, by a comparison &c. Mekh. Yithro, Bahod., s. 3; 4 (ret. to Ex. XIX, 19) רך ולמה וכ׳ לשכך כדי מתחלה (not כד) why was the sound soft at first (growing gradually stronger)? In order to bring into the ear as much &c.; ib. (ref. to Ex. l. c. 18) ומה וכ׳ לשכך כבשן לומר תלמוד why does the text say, 'like the smoke of a furnace'? In order to assist the per- ception &c.; ib. (ref. to Ez. XLIII, 2) מבריותיו . . . הרי האזן לש׳ we describe God by borrowing a metaphor from one of his creations in order to &c.; Tanh. Yithro 13; Yalk. Ex. 284.
שכל I (b. h.; v. כל I) to be bright. Hif. השעיל 1) to be wise, understand; to consider, deliberate. Midr. Prov. to I, 3 היאך להשכיל צריך . . . כיוון וכ׳ when a man is appointed judge, he must deliberate how to acquit the innocent &c.; וכ׳ ולדקדק להשכיל צריך he must study and investigate the law, that he may not sin or lead to sin; Yalk. ib. 929 וכ לדקדק היאי להשכיל צריך he must deliberate how to carry out the law exactly &c. Midr. Till. to Ps. XXXII (ref. to I Sam. XVIII, 14, sn.) חטאה כסוי היה משכיל שהיה ומפני and because he was wise, his sin was covered; a. fr. - 2) to look towards, face; (cmp. סכם, a. כון) to be directed. Num. R. s. 14a; Pesik. R. s. 3 (ref. to ידיו את שכל, Gen. XLVIII, 14) ידיו השעילו הקדש לרוח Jacob's hands were directed ttowards (pointed to) the holy spirit.
שכל II (b. h.; cmp. סכל II) to entangle, cross. Pi. שעל same, trnsf. to cause confusion. Pesik. R. s. 3 (ref. to Gen. XLVIII, 14) [read;] ש׳ יהודה ר׳ אמר ש׳ מהו וכ׳ בבכורתו . ידיו (ש רבי אמר, a dittography) he (God) made Jacob's hands bring confusion into Menasseh's birthright.
שכל (b. h.; Shafel of כל, אכל) [to finish, consume,] to bereave (of everything), make childless; שכל to be childless. Part. pass. שכול; . שכולה; pl. f. שכולות. Pirke dR. El. ch. XLIX (v. ISam. XV, 33) וישבו. . . ששכלה כשם וכ׳ תשכל כן ואלמנות ש׳ נשיהם as the sword of Amalek, thy (Haman's) grandfather, consumed the young men .. - and ttheir women remained childless and widowed,so shall thy mother be childless among women; וכ׳ ש׳ . . ובתפלת and through the prayer of Esther and her maids all males of Amalek were killed, and their women remained childless &c. Pi. שעל to destroy, consume. Ib., v. supra. Num. R. s. 16 וכ׳ באומות משעל שתהא אותך בראתי Ihave created thee (the angel of death) to work destruction among the nations, except &c. Gen. R. s. 86 בבני משכלת שהיתה דוב אדוניה a bear that worked destructionamong the children of her owner; a. e. - Part. pass. משוכל. Yalk. Cant. 988 (ref. to שכלה, Cant. IV, 2) מש׳ אינו מהם שלומד מי כל whoever learns from them (the scholars), shall not be bereft (injured).
שכל, Ithpa. אשתכל, v. שכלל.
שכלא, v. סכלא.
שכלול, שכלולא, שכ׳, v. sut שיכ.
שכלון, Y. Ber. IX, 13c bot., v. שבלול.
שכליל, v. שכלל.
שכלל, שיכ׳ (Shaf.ofכלל, cmp. שכל) to finish, decorate. Snh. 38a וכ׳ ושיכללן גדולים פלטרין שבנה למלך Ms. M. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) like a king who built great palaces and decorated them, and made arrangements therein for a. large banquet &c. Pesik. R. s. 2 משכללו אתה אין thou shalt not finish it (the Temple), opp. מיסדו laying the foundation; Yalk. Sam. 144; a. e. Hithpa. השתכלל, Nithpa. נשתבלל 1) to be fnished, decorated. Gen. R. s. 10 (ref. to ויכלו, Gen. II, 1) נשתכללו וכ׳ הארץ ונשתכללה . . . בחמה השמים the heavens were decorated with sun, moon, and stars, and the earth with trees and herbs, and with the garden of Eden; Yalk. ib. 15 ונתכללה . . . נתכללו. - 2) to be founded. Tanh. K'doshim 10 (ref. to מכלל, Ps. L, 2) וכ׳ כל נש׳ מציון from Zion was the whole world founded, as we have learned (Y. Yoma V, 42a), why is it called foundation stone? &c., v. שתיה II.
שכלל, שכליל ch. same, 1) to fnish, decorate. Targ. Y. Ex. XXXI, 17. Targ. Ez. XXVII, 4; 11; a. fr. -- Part. pass. משכלל; f משכללא perfect. Ib. 3. 1b. XXVIII, 12 (ed. Wil. משכלל, Hebr.); a. e. - 2) to fasten, establish, found. Targ. Is. XLII, 5 (h. text רקע). Targ. ISam. II, 8 (h. text וישת). Targ. Hab. II, 12 (h. text כוון); a. fr. Ithpa. אשתכלל 1) to be finished, decorated. Targ. O. Gen. II, 1. Targ. I Kings VI, 38. Targ. Ps. CXIX, 96 וא׳ דאשתרי ed. Lag. (ed. Wil. ואשתכל דאשתדל, corr. acc.) that which was begun and has been finished; a. fr. -- 2) to be founded. Targ. IKings VI, 37 (h. ttext יסד). Targ. Hag. II, 18; a. fr.
שכם, mt. חשכים, v. בכם.
שכם, Hif. השכים (b. h.; denom. of שכם) [to load, v. Ges. Thes. s. v.,] to rise early; to do a thing early. fBer. 30a לדרד לצאת ה׳ if one rises early (before sunrise) to go on the road; Tosef. ib. III, 19. Cant. R. to V, 11 (play on כעורב שחרות, ib.; cmp. שהר) ומעריב משכים (Lev. R. s. 19 משחיר), v. ערב II. B. Mets. VII, 1 if one hired working men, וכ׳ להשכים להן ואמר and told them that he expected them to come to their work earlier and go later (than the customary time). Ber. 47b וכ אדם ישכים לעולם a man should always go early to the house of prayer, that he may succeed in being counted among the earliest ten &c. Ib. 16b; Y. ib. IV, 7d bot. וכ׳ ונמצא ונשכים that we may early (in life) obtain &c., v. יחול. B. Kam. 92b ואכול השכם take an earrtly breakfast. Gitt. 7a וכ׳ והם עליהן והערב השעם (omit לבהמ) pray against them (the tormentors) early and late, and they shall cease of themselves; a. fr. -- Bicc. III, 2 וכ׳ היה ולמשכים and at rising time &c.