A History of the Pacific Northwest

by Joseph Schafer

A HISTORY OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

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TORONTO

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New Civics," published by the Macmillan Company.

A History of
the Pacific Northwest

BY

JOSEPH SCHAFER, Ph.D.

Head of the Department of History, University of Oregon; Sometime Fellow in History, University of Wisconsin; Joint Anthor of Strong and Schafer's "Government of the American People"; Author of "The Origin of the System of Land Grants in Aid of Education," "The Pacific Slope and Alaska," etc.

REVISED AND REWRITTEN
WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1930

Copyright, 1905 and 1918,

By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.

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All rights reserved — no part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher.

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Set up and electrotyped. Published May, 1905. New edition, revised and rewritten. Published January, 1918.

 

 

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

To

FREDERIC G. YOUNG, A.B.

PROFESSOR OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF OREGON

WHOSE WORK AS SECRETARY OF THE OREGON HISTORICAL SOCIETY FROM THE TIME OF ITS FOUNDATION HAS SIMPLIFIED THE TASK OF EVERY INVESTIGATOR IN THE FIELD OF NORTHWESTERN HISTORY

PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION

The new material accumulated during the past twelve years since the original publication of the History of the Pacific Northwest has rendered necessary not a mere revision of that work but on many essential points a complete rewriting of it. This is notably true of the chapters dealing with the history of the Oregon boundary negotiation between the United States and Great Britain. It is true also of parts of the balance of the early part of the work. Moreover, since the movement in this comparatively new region is very rapid and a single decade sometimes revolutionizes conditions, it was felt to be necessary to add special chapters on the Progress of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, and Social and Political Change. With this additional matter it would seem as if the story of the Pacific Northwest were in this book brought down to the actual present.

The author is under great obligations to the management of the Record Office at London, England, for permission to use files of papers relating to the Oregon Question; to the late Ambassador Whitelaw Reid for his courtesy in securing for him access to all available materials in London; and to Lord Stanmore for permission to examine and use papers of Lord Aberdeen. He is also under obligations to the Carnegie Institution of Washington, D. C, for assistance in unearthing important manuscripts contained in the archives at Washington.

Joseph Schafer.

University of Oregon,
Eugene, Oregon, October 23, 1917.

CONTENTS

PAGE

Preface ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

v

I

Early Explorers of the Pacific Coast ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

1–14

II

Discovery of Puget Sound and Columbia River ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

15–28

III

Origin of the Lewis and Clark Expedition ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

29–46

IV

Opening a Highway to the Pacific ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

47-61

V

The Fur Trade on the Columbia ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

62-78

VI

The Hudson Bay Company ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

79-87

VII

Early Phases of the Oregon Question ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

88-104

VIII

Pioneers of the Pioneers ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

105-126

IX

The Colonizing Movement ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

127-141

X

The First Great Migration ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

142-156

XI

The First American Government on the Pacific ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

157-172

XII

The Oregon Boundary Settled ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

173-185

XIII

The Territory of Oregon ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

186-197

XIV

The Northwest and California ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

198-206

XV

Progress and Politics ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

207-218

XVI

The Inland Empire ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

219-229

XVII

The Age of Railways ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

230-245

XVIII

The Progress of Agriculture ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

246-268

XIX

Industry and Commerce ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

269-289

XX

Social and Political Change ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

290-307

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