America's Highways 1776–1976: A History of the Federal-Aid Program/Picture Credits
PICTURE CREDITS
We gratefully acknowledge all those whose illustrations were used in this book. Many of the color plates, especially in Part I, are paintings in a series of 109 by the late Carl Rakeman (1878–1965), which were completed in the 1930’s and 1940’s on the theme of American transportation development. Rakeman was an employee of the Bureau of Public Roads who studied at the Corcoran Art School and the Royal Academies of Dusseldorf , Munich and Paris. Among other accomplishments, he helped complete the painted decorations of the U.S. Capitol. Special thanks are also extended to the National Archives and Records Service, which stored and protected much of the photographic material of the Federal Highway Administration and its predecessor agencies which appears in this history.
The following is a listing by chapter of all those individuals and organizations outside of the Federal Highway Administration who contributed illustrations printed in this book. The abbreviations with the page number of each credit indicate position; i.e., Top (T), Top Left (TL), Top Right (TR), Middle (M), Middle Left (ML), Middle Right (MR), Bottom (B), Bottom Left (BL), Bottom Right (BR).
PART I | |
| CHAPTER 1. THE COLONIAL LEGACY | |
| Page 4 (BR): | Winter Trail. Drawing by H. W. Hendley.
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| Page 5 (BL): | Post Rider. Drawing by H. W. Hendley.
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| Page 7 (T): | Rolling Tobacco. Drawing by H. W. Hendley, after H. E. Elliott.
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| CHAPTER 3. EARLY FEDERAL AID FOR ROADS AND CANALS | |
| Page 18 (B): | Fairview Inn. Courtesy of Culver Pictures, Inc.
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| CHAPTER 5. THE GOOD ROADS MOVEMENT | |
| Page 40 (T): (B): |
The Cherrelyn Horsecar. Courtesy of E. H. Maloney and Edie Dines.
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| Page 51 (T): | Bishop Creek. Courtesy of California Division of Highways.
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| (BR): | Plank Road. Courtesy of California Division of Highways.
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| Page 52 (T): | Sacramento Canyon. Courtesy of California Division of Highways.
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| CHAPTER 6. DAWN OF THE MOTOR AGE | |
| Page 55 (BR): | 1907 Columbia. Courtesy of Hank Head.
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| Page 58 (T): | The Pasear Highway. Courtesy of the California Division of Highways.
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| Page 59 (M): | Scenes of El Camino Sierra. Courtesy of the California Division of Highways.
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| Page 60 (T): | Challenge of early AAA tours. Courtesy of the Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation.
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| CHAPTER 8. THE DRIVE FOR FEDERAL AID | |
| Page 84 (T): | Spring thaw and roads in Michigan. Courtesy of the Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation.
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| Page 85 (B): | State Highway No. 1 (Now I-25) in New Mexico. Courtesy of New Mexico State Highway Department.
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| CHAPTER 9. PLANNING A HIGHWAY SYSTEM | |
| Page 93 (B): | W. Hicks and Sons General Store, Rockville, Md. (1900). Courtesy of William L. Hicks.
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| Page 94 (T): | State highway officials on inspection tour. Courtesy of the Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation.
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| Page 95 (MR): | McConnellsburg, Pa. Courtesy of the Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation.
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| CHAPTER 10. THE HIGHWAY BOOM | |
| Page 118 (T): | Concrete Mixer patching a bad spot on the road. Courtesy of Hank Head.
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| Page 122 (M): | Maryland State Roads Commission testing laboratory. Courtesy of the Maryland State Roads Commission.
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| Page 127 (T): | First centerline on a rural state highway. Courtesy of the Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation.
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| CHAPTER 11. ROADS FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE | |
| Page 151 (B): | The Pennsylvania Turnpike. Courtesy of the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission.
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| CHAPTER 12. EVENTS LEADING TO ENACTMENT OF THE 1956 FEDERAL AID HIGHWAY ACT | |
| Page 169 (T): | Turnpike toll booth. Courtesy of the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission.
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PART II | |
| CHAPTER 1. ADMINISTRATION OF THE FEDERAL AID PROGRAM | |
| Page 207 (ML): | Old tour bus. Courtesy of the Grey Line, Inc.
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| Page 207 (BL): | Modern tour bus. Courtesy of the Urban Mass Transit Authority.
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| Page 210 (MR): | Lansing, Michigan street scene. Courtesy of the Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation.
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| CHAPTER 2. FINANCE AND ECONOMICS | |
| Page 240 (TL): | 1905 Cadillac. Courtesy of Hank Head.
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| Page 244 (T): | 1922 Superior Motor Coach body. Courtesy of the National Association of Motor Bus Owners.
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| Page 250 (T): | Rio Grande Gorge Bridge near Taos, N.M. Courtesy of the New Mexico State Highway Department.
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| Page 258 (BL): | 40 ton straddle-lift crane. Courtesy of the Southern Pacific Co.
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| Page 259 (MR): | Air Force C-5 Galaxy. Courtesy of Tadder/Baltimore.
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| CHAPTER 3. PLANNING | |
| Page 270 (T): | Traffic survey station. Courtesy of the New Mexico Highway Department.
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| Page 291 (B): | Chicago Post Office. Courtesy of H. Dean Fravel.
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| Page 299 (T): | Stapleton International Airport. Courtesy of the Denver Post.
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| CHAPTER 4. RESEARCH | |
| Page 332 (T): | Circular Track in Arlington, Virginia. Courtesy of Carl A. Carpenter.
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| Page 332 (B): | Profilometer. Courtesy of Carl A. Carpenter.
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| CHAPTER 5. RIGHT-OF-WAY AND ENVIRONMENT | |
| Page 367 (TR): | Highway road crew removing litter. Courtesy of the Delaware Department of Highways.
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| Page 373 (BL): | Beverly’s Mill in Middleburg, Virginia. Courtesy of U.S. News and World Report.
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| CHAPTER 6. DESIGN | |
| Page 383 (BL): | Horse towing an old car in winter. Courtesy of the Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation.
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| Page 384 (TR): | The National Road near Hancock, Maryland (before construction). Courtesy of the Maryland State Roads Commission.
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| Page 385 (TL): | The National Road near Hancock, Maryland (after construction). Courtesy of the Maryland State Roads Commission.
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| Page 391 (T): | Center marked highway curve, 1921. Courtesy of the Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation.
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| Page 396 (MR): | Arterial highway of 1940’s. Courtesy of Donald W. Loutzenheiser.
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| Page 404 (B): | Automobile Club of Maryland posting directional and mileage signs. Courtesy of the Institute of Traffic Engineers.
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| Page 406 (TL): | Jackson, Miss, route markers. Courtesy of the Institute of Traffic Engineers.
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| Page 407 (T): | Intersection in Detroit, Mich. (1922). Courtesy of the Institute of Traffic Engineers.
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| Page 412 (T): | The Baltimore-Washington Boulevard. Courtesy of the Maryland State Roads Commission.
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| Page 412 (B): | The Baltimore-Washington Boulevard widened in the 1930’s. Courtesy of the Maryland State Roads Commission.
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| CHAPTER 7. BRIDGES | |
| Page 419 (T): | Covered bridge reproduction near Concord, Massachusetts. Courtesy of the Massachusetts Department of Public Works.
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| Page 420 (TL): | Camp Nelson Bridge over the Kentucky River. Courtesy of the Kentucky Department of Transportation.
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| Page 420 (TR): | Covered timber bridge over the Connecticut River between Cornish, N.H. and Windsor, Vt, Courtesy of the New Hampshire Department of Public Works and Highways.
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| Page 420 (BL): | Indiana covered bridge (1900). Courtesy of the Indiana Historical Society.
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| Page 425 (T): | Roebling Bridge over the Ohio River between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Kentucky. Courtesy of the Kentucky Department of Transportation.
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| Page 426 (BR): | Vertical lift bridge over the Cape Fear River at Wilmington, North Carolina. Courtesy of the North Carolina Department of Transportation.
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| Page 427 (T): | Lake Washington Pontoon Bridge, Seattle, Washington. Courtesy of the Washington Department of Highways.
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| Page 427 (ML): | George P. Coleman Memorial Bridge. Courtesy of the Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation.
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| Page 428 (T): | The Morgan Bulkeley Bridge. Courtesy of the Connecticut Department of Transportation.
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| Page 430 (T): | San Francisco’s Golden Gate Bridge. Courtesy of H. Dean Fravel.
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| Page 430 (B): | Mackinac Bridge over the Straits of Mackinac. Courtesy of the Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation.
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| Page 431 (TR): | Tacoma Narrows Bridge. Courtesy of the National Museum of Science and Technology.
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| Page 431 (B): | New River Gorge Bridge in West Virginia. Courtesy of the West Virginia Department of Highways.
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| Page 433 (T): | I-80 Bridge over the Allegheny River. Courtesy of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
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| Page 434 (T): | I-480 exit ramp in Omaha, Nebraska. Courtesy of the Nebraska State Highway Department.
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| Page 435 (T): | Red Bridge over the Seekonk River. Courtesy of the Rhode Island Department of Transportation.
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| Page 435 (BR): | Mission Valley Bridge in San Diego, California. Courtesy of the California Department of Transportation.
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| Page 436 (B): | Sitka Harbor Bridge in Sitka, Alaska. Courtesy of the Alaska Department of Highways.
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| Page 437 (T): | Sherman Minton Bridge over the Ohio River. Courtesy of the Kentucky Department of Transportation.
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| Page 437 (B): | Poplar Street Bridge over the Mississippi River. Courtesy of the Illinois Department of Transportation.
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| Page 438 (T): | Pedestrian bridge over U.S. 41 in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin. Courtesy of the Wisconsin Department of Transportation.
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| Page 438 (B): | 47th Street Bypass in Boulder, Colorado. Courtesy of the Colorado Department of Highways.
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| Page 441 (B): | Demolition of C & O Bridge over the Ohio River. Courtesy of the Kentucky Department of Transportation.
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| CHAPTER 10. CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE | |
| Page 487 (T): | Mount Rainer. Courtesy of James L. Obenschain, Sr.
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| Page 496: | Clakamas River flood. Courtesy of the Oregon State Highway Department.
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| Page 499 (B): | Going-to-the-Sun Highway. Courtesy of James L. Obenschain, Sr.
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| Page 504 (T): | Cole Creek Bridge. Courtesy of James L. Obenschain, Sr.
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| Page 504 (B): | Creek channel in the Great Smoky Mountains. Courtesy of James L. Obenschain, Sr.
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| Page 508 (T): | Jordan Pond. Courtesy of James L. Obenschain, Sr.
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| Page 511 (T): | Blue Ridge Parkway. Courtesy of James L. Obenschain, Sr.
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| Page 511 (B): | Blue Ridge Parkway in the fall. Courtesy of the National Park Service.
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| Page 512 (T): | James River Bridge on the Blue Ridge Parkway. Courtesy of the National Park Service.
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| Page 514 (B): | Suitland Parkway. Courtesy of James L. Obenschain, Sr.
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| CHAPTER 11. INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS | |
| Page 519 (T): | Map of FHWA Foreign Assistance Programs. Courtesy of the International Road Federation.
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| Page 535 (B): | Alaska Highway at Summit Lake. Courtesy of Gail Pinkstaff.
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| End papers: | Fairview Inn on the National Pike. Courtesy of Culver Pictures, Inc.
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