An Etymological Dictionary of the Norn Language in Shetland/F

by Jakob Jakobsen

F.

fa’ [fâ], sb., is in form L.Sc. fa’ = Eng. fall, but is used in a special sense in Shetl.: current in the sea, course of the tide, direction of the tide; de fa’ o’ de tide, the course or direction of the tide. esp., however, in compds. as: “in-fa’,” flowing tide, and “ut-fa’,” ebbing tide; Conn. fa’, in this sense, is of Norn origin; cf. Fær. fall, n., in the sense of current (eystfall, easterly current; vestfall, westerly current), and Shetl. landfell (lantfel). An older Shetl. Norn form fall (fadl) is found preserved in some compds.; see fall, sb.

fa’ [fâ], vb., is in form L.Sc. fa’ = Eng. fall, but is used in some exprs. orig. from Norn, and diff. from Eng. (L.Sc.), esp. with preps. and advs. Thus: f. afore, to occur to one, hit [‘it’] fell afore me, it came into my mind; *falla fyrir (O.N. falla fyrir, esp. to happen, occur); cf. ber afore (under ber, vb.). — f. at, to fall asleep, to slumber (N.I.), doubtless of the eyes: to fall to. — f. frae, to fall off; forsake, also to die; O.N. falla frá, to dropp off; die. — f. upon, of meat and fish: to begin to lose its freshness, become “high"; de flesh or fish is “fa’en upon”, the flesh or fish has passed the fresh state, is getting “high” (Y., Fe.); cf. Fær. “falla á” in exprs. such as: tað er fallið a skerpukjøtið, a layer of mould has covered the wind-dried mutton. Cf. fall, sb.

†fa’-børd [fâ··bø̄rd·], sb., the leeward side of a boat.

fadabrod [fad··abråd·], sb., an old, partly broken object, esp. wooden household article, e.g. a bowl; tub; box; chest; chair, etc.; a auld [‘old’] f. U^wg. From Y^b. is recorded fodabrod [fɔ̇d··abrɔd·] in its orig. sense: a piece of a broken wooden bowl. *fǫtu-brot or *fat-brot. fada- is O.N. fata, f., or fat, n., a vat. — brod is O.N. brot, n., a broken piece; fragment; cf. pottabrod, skolabrod.

*fader, sb., father. Barclay has “faadir”; “aa” prob. denotes a long a as usually with Barclay in his Suppl. to Edm. — Now comm.: feder [(fēdər) fɛ̄dər] or fæder [fǣdər], doubtless acc. to L.Sc. pronunc. (Jam. has: fader). — In Low’s notation of the Foula-ballad the word is written “fy” (for *fȳr) and in def. form “fyrin (feyrin)”, prob. to be pronounced “fai(r)” and “fairin” respectively (Eng. long y = ai). ð is dropped in the pronunc. (cf. Fær. “fæajɩr”, and cf. Shetl. brui, brother, and *mara, mother). — O.N. faðir, m., father.

fain, vb., see fen, vb.

faks [faks], sb., a) a long, high, foam-crested wave just breaking; a comber; also b) agitated sea with such waves; heavy swell; cross-sea, a (heavy) f. i’ de sea (Nm^w.), = faksin, sb. Sometimes c) of backwash of breakers, de f. f(r)ae de shore (De.). N.Sh.; Wests. occas. — Comparative use of O.N. fax, n., a mane, which in No. (faks) can also denote a fringed border.

faks [faks, fakᶊ], vb., to form a crest of foam, to lift a foaming top, of long waves immediately before breaking; de wave or sea [sea = wave, billow] is faksin; he’s faksin [faksɩn] upo de ba, the wave is breaking on the sunken rock (the shoal) (Wh.). Also of the sea: to be in an uproar with foam-topped waves; de sea is faksin. N.Sh., M^e., Wests. *faxa, to form a mane or crest of foam. Deriv. of faks, sb. Cf. kom(b)² (kem), vb.

faksin [faksɩn, fakᶊɩn, -in], sb., long, high, foam-crested waves; agitated sea with such waves; heavy swell (esp. cross-seas meeting after change of wind), cross-sea (Nm^{n., w}.); a f. (agitation, swell) i’ de sea. N.Sh., M^e., Wests. Sometimes also of a single wave, foaming wave, = faks, sb. a. From M.Roe is recorded faksins [fakᶊɩns], pl., in the sense of backwash of heavy surf from a steep coast (= joger²). *faxingr. See faks, sb. and vb.

fald [fāld], sb., 1) fold. 2) one of the strands composing a twisted string or thick thread (= far²). 3) a tuck; hem, border-hem. O.N. faldr, m., a fold; hem of a garment; L.Sc. fald, fauld = Eng. fold. No. fald, Icel. and Fær. faldur, m., a tuck; hem, border-hem.

fall [fäᶅ], sb., a fall, now only as second part in some compds.: a) a fall; precipitation, in bafall, berg-fall; b) a downfall; lameness, in tungefall. Other forms are fadl (Fo.) in tungefadl and — weakly stressed — fel [fəl], current in the sea; course of a current, in land-fell (lantfel). See the compds. mentioned. O.N. fall, n., a fall, ete.; Fær. fall, n., also: current. Uncompd. in Shetl. now always “fa’ [fâ]”, L.Sc. form of Eng. fall.

*fall [fäᶅ?], vb., to fall, now only in perf. part. form, appearing in an old fairy rigmarole, belonging to a Fetlar version of the legend of the horseman and the fairy in the hill: “…[tell tuna (tøna) tivla, at nuna (nøna) nivla is] valne vatne [väᶅnə väƫnə]”,…[tell T. T. that N. N. has] fallen into the water, O.N. fallinn í vatnit. valne for *falne [*fäᶅnə] by assimilating infl. of v in the foll. vatne. In the Foula-ballad: *fadlin. — See Introd., Fragments of Norn, also N.Spr. pp. 153—54. For *fall, now commonly L.Sc. fa’.

fang [faŋ], sb., really a grasp, hold; clasp, embrace, used in the foll. senses: 1) a knot; overhand knot, esp. a) a knot tied in a cow’s tether to shorten it; b) a knot; overhand knot, made on a damaged line (long-line, hand-line), securing the damaged place. Cf. ra, ross¹, hosek. 2) a prize; booty; profit; comm. of stolen goods: tief’s f. — O.N. fang, n., a grasp, hold; embrace; profit; catch. L.Sc. fang, sb., a prize; booty; also a bight in a rope. Cf. fangin and fonglin, sbs.

fang [faŋ], vb., to tie a knot (overhand knot) on the damaged place in a long-line; to f. op [‘up’] de line, to make an overhand knot on the fishing hand-line (Nm^w.); to f. de klett (tabu-phrase, sea-term), to fasten the rope round the stone-sinker on a fishing hand-line (Du.). O.N. fanga, vb., to grip; capture.

fangin [faŋɩn], sb., a rope fastened round the stone-sinker on a fishing hand-line. Du. Deriv. of fang, vb.

fann [fan (fän)], sb., a heap of drifted snow; de snaw [‘snow’] lies (‘is lyin’) in fanns. comm. O.N. fǫnn (fann-), f., a heap of snow; a drift.

fann [fan (fän)], vb., of snow: to drift into heaps; fannd togedder, drifted, of snow. No. and Icel. fenna, vb., to heap up, of snow-drifts (O.N. fenna, vb., to cover with snow. Fr.). See fann, sb.

fann [fan], found, impf. of finn, vb., to find. O.N. fann, pret. sing., found.

far¹ [fār], sb., a vessel; boat, tabu-word, used by fishermen at sea. comm. O.N. far, n., conveyance; vessel; Icel., Fær. and No. “far” as the last part of a compd.: boat, e.g. Icel. fjögramannafar, No. fjørefar, Fær. fíramannafar, n., four-oared boat; Fær. seks-, átta-, tíggjumannafar, six-, eight-, ten-oared boat.

far² [fār], sb., one of the strands composing a thick, twisted thread or string, = “lith”, fald. Fe. No. (Icel., Fær.) far and umfar, n., a round; circuit; row; No. and Fær. umfar, a single row of stitches in knitting. Really the same word as far¹.

far³ [fār], sb., epidemic. Sa. N.I.? Icel. far and faraldr, m. (farald, n.), No. farang, m., and farsott, f., Sw. dial. far, n., Da. farsot, epidemic. Really the same word as the two preceding. The form firi [fɩri, fɩ̄ri, fi̇̄ri], used esp. of epizooty in dogs, is more extended than far. Cf. flora-fever, sb.

fardi(n)met, sb., see ferdimet, sb.

*faren¹ [fārən] and *farna [fārna], perf. part., gone; passed away; set off; used promiscuously as perf. part., pres. part. and pres. ind., “f.” is found in the obs. expr.: kware (kwaren) faren or kwarna farna, where are you going? also: where have you (gone)? faren Mogeland [mō··gəlānd·], I am going to M. Fo. The form foren [fōrən] is still used as the last part of a compd.; see misfare, vb. O.N. fara, vb., to fare; go; set off; travel; perf. part.: farinn. Shetl. fare, vb., assimilates otherwise to Eng. fare, vb.; Shetl. weel fare du (O.N. vel fari þú)! = Eng. farewell!

faren² [farən], adj., old-fashioned; obsolete; Yⁿ. In Du. in the compd. “auld [‘old’]-faren [āld·far··ən], -fareld [-far··əld]” in the sense of: a) = faren; b) miserable; poor; good-for-nothing, a a.-f. ting. Doubtless the same word as the preceding; O.N. farinn, perf. part. and adj., very exhausted; wretched, farinn aldri, old; advanced in years. L.Sc. farren, far(r)and, in “auld-f.”, has, acc. to Jam., a diff. meaning: sagacious. — Shetl. “auld-faren (-fareld)” may prob. be a contraction of O.N. “aldri farinn”, and the first part consequently not an orig. L.Sc. auld? In that case, more correctly written ald-faren, etc.

fargert, sb., see fasgert.

*fari [fāri], sb., noted down in the expr.: “firsta f.!”, exclamation, formerly used by boys during a game. This game consisted of pitching a stone into a certain hole. When someone succeeded “firsta f.!” was cried, and the next time, “second anari [anā·ri]!” Sound and Lerwick, M. Reported by John Irvine. — fari is doubtless the def. form of “far” in the sense of time, round, like No. far, n.; “firsta f.” is prob. an orig. (O.N.) *fyrsta farit; cf. No. fyrste faret, the first time. anari (the second syllable stressed) might, in reference to this, be a contraction of “annat farit”, second time. “second”, in that case, has been added tautologically, because “anari” or eventually “*anna fari” was no longer understood. The contraction of “anna(t) fari(t)” to “anari” might be explained thus, that “second” was used to introduce the second exclamation, as “firsta” the first one, before the contraction had taken place. Exclamation 2, regarded as a kind of second line of verse, would, by the addition mentioned, contain one stressed syllable more than exclamation 1. This dissimilarity would then be adjusted by the contraction mentioned.

farlek [fārlek, -lək], sb., a vessel; ship, tabu-word, used by fishermen at sea. U. Deriv. of far; see far¹, sb.

fasgerd, -gert [fasgərd, fasgə‘rt, fāsge‘rt, fāsgə‘rt] and fasgord [fasgōrd, -gɔrd, -gȯrd], sb., 1) a wall of peats laid up for drying along the edge of a peat-pit; the second drying in larger, closer piles; the first drying of newly cut peats takes place in the so-called utbord or “ut-lay”. Nm^w. (Esh.): fasgert [fāsgə‘rt (fas-)]. 2) a length or circlet of plaited straw: a) a length of straw sewn round the upper edge of a straw-basket (kessi, occas. bødi), a circular plaiting round the edge of a basket; sometimes also b) a length of straw, sewn round and round in the bottom of a broken basket (kessi) to mend it; c) a collar of straw, placed round the neck of a draught-horse (= bjog¹); d) a ring of straw, placed round the hollow of a “knockin’-stane”; see further under bjog¹, sb.; e) a length of string or straw in a plaited straw-net basket (mesi), in contrast to støri. Reported from Du. in the forms: fadsgert [fadᶎgə‘rt] and fasgert [fāsgə‘rt] in sense 2 a; from Conn. in the forms fasgord [fasgōrd (fasgɔrd)] and fasgerd [fasgərd] in senses 2 a and b; from N.: fasgord [fāsgȯrd] in sense 2 a; from Nm. (N.Roe): fasgert [fāsge‘rt] in sense 2 a; from Ai.: fasgert [fasge‘rt, fasgə‘rt] in senses 2 c and d. fasgert [fāsgə‘rt], in sense 2 e, is reported by J.I. (Fe.). “fasgord [fasgɔrd]-boddom” (Conn.), a part of the bottom of a basket sewn on afterwards. 3) jokingly and comparatively: a piece partly torn off, e.g. of a petticoat or a pair of trousers; long rag, dragged behind a person in walking; to geng trailin’ a fasgert; what’na [‘what’] fasgert is yon [‘that’], (at) du is trailin’ efter dee? N.Roe [fāsge‘rt]. In this sense also fargert [fargə‘rt, fār-] (N.Roe). — fasgerd, etc. seems to have a double origin: a) from fastgerd, -gert, -gord, from O.N. fastgarðr; b) from vasgerd, etc. (see below), from *vasagarðr. O.N. fastgarðr, m., a stronghold; No. fastgard, m., revetment consisting of bundles of straw or leafy branches and heather, fastened, with nailed lists or boards, round new houses or old leaky ones (R.). fasgert can reasonably be derived from “fastgarðr”, at any rate in meaning 1 (in spite of the freq. long a, which may be a more modern lengthening); but whether the word has the same origin in the other senses given, is more doubtful. In the same sense as fasgerd 2, collar of straw, are also found such forms as vasgerd and vasgert (Wests. occas., Du. occas.), wasgert and wisgert (Ai. occas.), vadsgordin (Wh.), and these forms cannot be separated from the quite syn. wasi, wazi, “wizzie”, wisp of straw; collar of straw; cf. No., Sw. and Da. dial. vase, a tangled cluster; wisp; bundle of straw or twigs, etc., Sw. dial. vasa-gär(d)e, Da. dial. vasegjerde, — In Conn. a distinction is made between fasgord and vasgord, the latter of which is used jokingly of a collar.

fasgord [fasgɔrd], vb., to repair a straw-basket, kessi, by sewing on a new bottom when the old one is broken. Conn. Deriv. of the preceding word; see fasgerd, sb. 2 b.

fasjon, fa’-sjon [fāᶊȯn, -ᶊən], sb., epidemic, esp. in cattle, fashun (Barclay). Originates prob. from O.N. fallsótt, f., epidemic. The first part of the compd., in that case, is fa’, sb. (L.Sc. fa’ = Eng. fall); the second part is corrupted (O.N. sótt, f., epidemic; illness; cf. Shetl. sott², sb.). Hardly the word “farsot”, see prec. far³, sb.

fast [fast] and fasti [fasti], sb., a rope fastened to a stone serving as an anchor for a boat; occas. only applied to the stone itself. The form fast is peculiar to Du. Jam. quotes a form, “fasta”. O.N. festr (afterwards: festi), f., a rope (fastened or by which something is fastened). See ilafast, skutfast and festi, sbs.

fast [fast], adj. and adv., occas.; a) fast, firm, O.N. fastr; occas. b) fast, quick, to had f., to hold firmly.

fastdrev, sb., see under fastdrog, sb.

fastdrog [fas(t)·drōg·], sb., a rope with an anchor, the rope fixed at each end of a fishing-net (esp. herring-net), set across a creek or bay, but the length of whick is less than the width of the creek (bay). Wests. Prob.: *fast-drag. In Conn. in the form fastdrev [fas(t)·drē^əv·]. — drog is doubtless from an older (O.N.) *drag, see drog, sb. and vb.; cf. No. dragnet, n., a kind of fishing-net, and Eng. drag, sb. drev is prob. a word diff. from drog, as the final g never changes to v in Shetl. drev = O.N. dreif, f., a band, chain? more prob. to be compared with No. driv, n., fishing by net made to drift with the current.

†Fasten [fastən], sb., Quinquagesima; Fasten-e’en [‘eve’], the evening before Quinquagesima, = the more comm. (L.Sc.) “Fastern’s (Fasterin’s, Fastren’s) e’en”. O.N. fasta, f., Lent, time of fasting. The form “Fasten” is also found in Eng. (L.Sc.) dials.

fasti [fasti], vb., to fasten, esp., a) to secure hay- or corn-stacks by means of ropes (simmens) weighted with heavy stones, to f. de hay, de corn, and b) to secure a boat from being carried away by storm and squall, by means of stones and the like placed in the bottom of it, to f. de boat. Du. From O.N. festa, vb., to fasten, influenced by fast, sb. and adj., fasti, sb., and Eng. fasten, vb. — See jardfast, vb., syn. with fasti, vb.

fastiband [fas··tiband·], sb., cross-beam under the thwart of a boat, = bekk (fastibekk), hadi-band. Y. *fast-band. Cf. band, sb., in the sense of ribs of a boat. — Occas. fastiband is used of the rope tied to the anchor-stone, fast(i), sb.

fastibekk [fas··tibɛk·, -bək·], sb., cross-beam under the thwart of a boat, = fastiband and bekk¹. Fo. *fast-bekkr.

*fat-gude, *fat-guid, sb., butter and train-oil, formerly paid as a tax to the feudal lord of the Shetland Islands. Balfour: fatgude. Sinclair’s Rental: fat guid (see G.G., Ant. p. 176). Poss. (acc. to A.W.J.) an orig. *fat-góðs, from O.N. fat, n., a vat, and góz (góðs), n., goods. The latter part of the compd., in that case, is modified trough L.Sc.

fatl, fattel [fatəl, faƫəl, fäƫəl, fäitəl], vb., 1) to tie round; wind round; fasten with bands or ropes (fetel, fettel), e.g. a burden on one’s back, load on a pack-horse, sinker (steed, kappi) on a long-line, etc.; he’s gotten it a’ [‘all’] fatteld (tied) upon his back noo [‘now’] (Uⁿ.: fäitəl); to tie together the hind legs of a cow before milking, to tie together the legs of a pig or a sheep before slaughtering, to f. de (legs o’ a) coo [‘cow’] or grice [‘pig’]. fatteld [(fatəld, faƫəld) fäƫəld, fäitəld], perf. part., chained; tied; hampered in one’s movements; having the legs tied together (of a cow, pig, sheep). U. 2) to work continuously at something without particular success; to bungle, to f. aboot somet’in’; Y. and Fe. [faƫəl, fäƫəl]. O.N. fatla, vb., to impede; enclose (by rope); No. fatla also to bungle, — fitla (R.). Cf. fitl, fitel, vb.

fatlin [faƫlɩn, fäƫlɩn, fäitlɩn, faƫ··əlin·], sb., 1) the act of tying round (winding round; fastening); U. 2) a band or rope tied round (somewhat diff. from fetel, which esp. denotes the band or rope before it is tied round); de f. o’ de klibber (the pack-saddle), de f. o’ de coo (the rope by which a cow’s hind legs are tied during milking); de f. o’ de “steed” (the sinker, de kappi, on the long-line). U. 3) bungle; futile working at something; Y. and Fe. [faƫlin, fäƫlin]. — *fatlan and *fatling, winding round, etc.; see fatl, fattel, vb.

fädmel, sb., see fedmel, sb.

fäi, adj., see fei, adj.

fäitel, vb., see fatl, fattel, vb.

†fed [fēd, fē^əd], vb., to have a severe, fierce look; to frown. Also Ork. Orig. uncertain. Poss. to be classed with M.Eng. fede, A.S. fǽhð, hatred; enmity.

fedabord [fed··abȯrd·, fəd··abord·, fəd··abərd·] and fedebord [fəd··əbȯrd·, -bərd·], sb., 1) heavy sleet, a f. o’ rain. 2) dense snow-storm; see fogbord(er), sb. 3) dense sea-spray; “de sea is gaun [‘going’] in a f.”, of a very agitated sea (the sea is foaming). U^w. Etym. uncertain. In the senses 1 and 3 a deriv. of a *vætuburðr might be indicated, as the initial v in Shetl. Norn at times changes to f; O.N. væta, f., wet; sleet; rain. For the last syllable, see bord², sb., and fogbord(er), sb.

fedek (fiddek) [fedək, fədək (fɩdək], feidek [fæidək] and fodek [fodək, fȯdək], sb., 1) bucket; water-pail; Wh.; Du.; Uⁿ., etc. The forms fedek and feidek are characteristic of Wh., the form fodek of Du. (partly as a tabu-name, sea-term), fedek [fedək] is reported from Uⁿ. as a sea-term (fishermen’s tabu-name) for bucket, while dollek was the current word. Now, however, commonly: dafek [dafək] from Gael. dabhach (a large tub; brewing vat). vatek [vatək] is reported from St., and vadek [vadək] from N., as a name for water-pail; doubtless *fadek and the same word as fedek, fodek, but prob. altered through influence of Eng. vat. 2) fedek: an oval-shaped chest for keeping small articles of clothing, women’s caps, etc. Reported in this sense by J.I. (Fe.). 3) metaph.: a stumpy or clumsy person, corpulent woman, fedek [fədək] and fodek [fȯdək]: Uⁿ. Cf. the relation between dollek¹ and dollek². — O.N. fat, n., a vat, and fata, f., a pail for fetching water. fedek 2 might, however, have an origin diff. from fedek 1, or, at any rate, be influenced by another word diff. from the latter; cf. O.N. fatakista, f., a chest for garments, the first syllable of which is “fat”, n., a garment.

fedmel [fɛdməl, fedməl], sb., a fat, corpulent woman. Also fädmel [fädməl]. fed- is O.N. feitr, adj., fat; ä in fäd- is influenced by Eng. fat, adj. For the suffix -mel, cf. such nouns as Da. fedme, Sw. fetma.

feger [fɛgər], feg [fɛg, fēg], foger [fogər, fȯgər], sb., a periphrasis for the sun, only in def. form: de f., the sun, and only as a tabu-name, used by fishermen at sea. feger, foger: Uⁿ.; feg: Yⁿ. From Burrafirth, Unst, is recorded føger [føgər]. — From O.N. fagr, adj., fair; beautiful; *hin fagra (sól, f.), the fair. foger may also originate from the fem. form “fǫgr”, used as a noun. føger prob. from “fǫgr”. In Alvíssmál (Elder Edda) is mentioned “fagra-hvél (the fair wheel)” as the elves’ name for the sun. Cf. fogri, sb.

†fei [fɛi, fæi], adj., dying, who is near death. comm. fäi [fai]: U. occas. O.N. feigr, L.Sc. (Jam.) fey, fee, fie, adj., on the point of death. Though Shetl. fei (fäi) may be regarded as most prob. a L.Sc. form and without any direct development from O.N. feigr (which in Shetl. ought regularly to give *fēg or *fjēg; note the form “fiegan” in the Foula-ballad, accus. sing. m., O.N. feigan), the word is used in certain sayings, not to be found in Jam., but quite syn. with the Fær. sayings, built upon “feigur” (predestined to die) and certainly originating from O.N.; thus: “he is no [‘not’] f. de day [‘to day’]”, of a person arriving on the spot just when being spoken about; “he is (surely) f.”, of a person behaving in a manner unusual to him, is exceptionally flippant, boisterous, etc. feiness [fæinɛs (fäi-), sb. (not in Jam.), a supernatural vision portending death, esp.: a) the apparition of a person not present (is considered to portend the death of the person concerned before the close of the year); b) one’s double, alter ego (portending the person’s approaching death); to carry ane’s f., to be followed by one’s own double (Y^h.). In Fær. “hamferð” is used in the same sense as Shetl. feiness, and it is always said of one seen in “hamferð” that he (she) is “feigur (feig)”, i.e., will die before the close of the year.

fell [fɛl, fel, fɛᶅ, fäᶅ], sb., a mountain; height; except in place-names, now only preserved in a few cases in fishermen’s tabu-lang. at sea: “de Hill o’ Hagrister” (Nm.) is called (esp. by Nm^w. fishermen) when at sea “de Felsend [fɛ‘lᶊən]” or “de fell’s (Fell’s) damp” [fɛ‘ls, fe‘ls]: the end of the hill, O.N. fells endi; damp (really stump; fragment), rope’s end in fishermen’s lang. (see damp, sb.). fell in “fell’s damp” is still mainly a common noun, while Felsend now doubtless is understood only as a place-name, fell is quite common as the second part of compd. in names of great heights, pronounced “fĕl” (with a weak secondary accent or unaccented), and occas. (as in Unst) “fäᶅ” (with a strong accentuation), e.g.: Blofell [blōfel, bᶅɔ̄fel] (Y.): *bláfell; Hamrafell, see hamar, sb.; Hufell (Hofell) [hūfel (hufel, hofel)] (Grimista, Lw., M., C., L., P.): *hó(há)fell, “high mountain”; Twarifell [twar··i-fel·] (Du.): *þver-fell; Valafell [vâ··lafel·] (U.): *val-fell. Hwifell [hwi̇̄·fäᶅ·, with the first and second syllables equally stressed] (Haroldswick, Uⁿ.): *kví-fell; see *kwi, sb. A high, pointed headland Tonga (U^w.), which, from the sea, has the appearance of a rounded hill, is called (was called) by fishermen from Unst, when at sea, Trotnefell, Trøtne- [trȯt··nəfäᶅ·, trøt··nə-] and Trudenafell [trod·ənafäᶅ· (trū··dənafäᶅ·)]: the swollen hill, *þrútna fell. — The extended form felli is less comm., and is found as the second part of compds., e.g. in Papa Stour [feli], in “Halafelli” [hal··afel·i, hall··i-] and “Tunefelli” [tū··nəfel·i, tun··ə-]: *tún-fell(i). — As the first part fell-, fella (felli)- [fɛl (fɛla)-, fɛᶅ-]. — As name of farms and villages are found uncompd. Felli [fɛᶅɩ] (Yⁿ.), Fjelli [fjelɩ] (Skaw, Uⁿ.) and in several places Fjel [fjēl, fjē^əl]; the latter forms might, however, just as well spring from “fjall”. — See further Shetl. Stedn. pp. 90-91 (and 210, 211-12). — O.N. fell, n., mountain; Fær. felli, n., a parallel form to “fell” in names of mountains. As a place-name in Y^h. is found Mellen fjella [mɛlən fjɛla, meᶅən fjɛᶅa] from an older *millum fella or fjalla, “between the hills (mountains)”; but as the name was explained by a person from Y^h. in 1894 as “atween de hills”, the meaning has been understood till a short time ago; cf. Mella fjela [meᶅa fjēla] as a place-name in Fe. Cf. *fjalsgord-dyke, sb.

†fell¹ [fæl], vb., to strike; “I’ll f. dee atween de ha(l)s and de head”. Conn. Doubtless a local application of Eng. fell, O.N. fella, vb.

fell² [fæl], vb., to scald, half-boil, a phrase belonging to fishermen’s tabu-lang.: to f. de flodreks, to half-boil the limpets (for bait), = to leep de limpets. Du. O.N. vella, vb., to bring to the boil. fell for *vell, is due to assimilating influence from f in the foll. flodreks.

†fello, feljo [feᶅô (fæᶅo)], sb., an equal; mate; he had no [‘not’] (did no leave) his f. Uⁿ. Pronounced diff. from “fellow”, which in Shetl. (also Uⁿ.) is used quite commonly in the sense of a companion; fellow, pronounced “fælo (fɛlo)”. fello, feljo, with a softened (palatalized) l, appears to be an older form in Shetl. than Eng. “fellow” and poss. arises from O.N. félagi, m., companion; comrade.

fem [fem], sb., a very thin layer or covering of something, floating on the surface of a fluid (water), a f. o’ dust, o’ meal (N.I.); something sticky (fat, oil) floating on the water (Uⁿ.). No. feime (Aa.), m., a skin of fat, sticky fluid (on the water), and feim (R.), n., a thin layer of dew, dust, fat in a liquid state, etc. Cf. fim, sb.

fem [fem], vb., 1) vb. n., of something fatty, sticky: to float as a layer on the water, to f. abune [abøn·], of oil (Uⁿ.); also e.g. of dust, meal (N.I.). 2) vb. a., to sprinkle some meal on the water, to f. meal on de water (Y^h.). — No. feima, vb., to stick, adhere; Fær. feimin and No. feimen, adj., sticky. See fem, sb.

fen, fain [fē^ən, fɛ̄^æn], vb., to show delight and pleasure at one’s coming; to receive one kindly and hospitably, to f. ane or to f. aboot ane; de dog fens (“fains”) his master, the dog wags its tail to its master, shows pleasure to him; de dog was fenin (“fainin”) aboot him, the dog bounded about him, wagging its tail; I did no f. him, I could not bear him (U.). O.N. fagna, vb., to welcome; receive with good cheer. The Shetl. word is in its form, Eng. “fain”, vb., but it differs in meaning from this now obs. Eng. verb, while it is used similarly to O.N. fagna, vb. See fenli, adj., and ill-fen, vb.

fenget [fæŋət], adj., ingratiating; wheedling, a f. body. N.Roe. Prob. to be classed with No. fengleg, adj., hospitable; lavishly entertaining, and fengsleg, adj., attractive at first sight.

fenli, fainly [fē^ənli, fɛ̄^ænli], adj., pleasant; agreeable; attractive (of looks; behaviour); f.-faced, with smiling, kind looks; kindly obliging, = No. fegen, adj. (R.); No. fegneleg, adj., joyful. *feginligr. With ref. to the form, fen- (in fenli) has arisen through infl. of Eng. fain, adj. (O.N. feginn, adj., glad, ought in Shetl. regularly to have given *fegin or *fegen). Cf. fen, vb.

fer, sb., see ferd¹, sb.

*fer, *fir [fər], prep., for. This form of pronunciation is now only found in a single compd., i.e.: a’ [‘all’]-fe(r)-jens [ā·fəje‘ns·], adv., just this minute, = Fær. “alt fyri eitt” in the same sense, “jens” is L.Sc. anis, ains, aince (yince), adv., once. O.N. fyr, prep., for, = fyrir. — See *fire [fərə], prep., for.

fera, sb., see golsa-fera, sb.

ferald [færald, færal], sb., really, a stretch; extensive tract or ground, esp. a fishing-ground of a certain extent, a f. o’ grund [grȯnd]. Fe. The word must be a deriv. of O.N. far, n., in sense of way; tract; thoroughfare (cf. No. far). For “faraldr, farald” (Icel.), a deriv. of “far”, but diff. in meaning from Shetl. ferald, see far³, sb.

ferd¹ [færd, fē^ərd], sb., 1) a travel; journey, now only in certain phrases, as: “hit [‘it’] cam’ till a f. [færd]” or (more commonly) “h. c. t. a ferdek [færdək, fərdək]”, “that was a nice journey”, ironically of a voyage or errand with a poor result; Y. (Y^{h., n}.); cf., a) ferdalek, himinsferd, hjimmelsferd; b) ferdimet, in which compounds ferd partly has its original meaning, a journey; voyage. From Conn. is recorded a form “fer [fē^ər]” in the phrase “de hoidin fer”, the accomplishment of a work, really, the last trip (the last transport or bringing home of the peats, dried on the hill; the finishing of the harvest-work), = de hoittin g(j)ang; see further hottin, adj., and gang, sb. 2) speed; great haste, to geng wi’ a (great) f.; der’r a f. upon him de day [‘to-day’]. Usually pronounced “færd”, rarely (as e.g. Nmⁿ.) “fē^ərd”. In sense of speed, haste, a changed form fjard [fjärd] from Nmⁿ. (N.Roe) is also recorded; to geng wi’ a fj.; der’r a awfu’ fj. upo dee. 3) a person, esp. a woman of imposing proportions, doubtless with ref. to the manner in which the person in question moves forward; a great f. (U.: færd). — O.N. ferð, f., a travel; journey; Icel., Fær. ferð and No. ferd also mean speed. For Shetl. ferd 3, cf. O.N. ferð in sense of a troop moving forward. ferd 3 might, however, be quite another word, viz. an old *verd; see the foll. ferd², sb. — In sense of movement; behaviour; manner, ferd¹ (færd) is found in atferd, sb.

ferd² [færd], sb., a person or article of value, of importance, esp. ironically of someone or something of no importance; dat [‘that’] is a f.; sae [‘so’] is he a f.? N.I. (Fe.). In U. esp. of a valuable find (something found out of doors and carried home); he’s fonn a f. i’ de mornin’, he has made a valuable find this morning (U^wg.). — fjörd [fjörd] is a rarer form in sense of a good compensation; I’m gotten a fj. for gaun [‘going’], I have been well paid to go, i.e. to carry out the errand (Y^h.?); partly ironically. — ferd (fjörd) may stand for an old *verd, as the initial v occas. changes to f in Shetl. Norn; O.N. verð, n., a payment; value; price. Cf. however førd², sb., with ferd in sense of a valuable find, and cf. for², sb. with fjörd.

ferd [færd (fɛrd, fǣrd, fərd)], vb., (vb. n.), to walk quickly; to hasten, to geng ferdin (N.I.); hwar is du ferdin till? (U^wg.); esp. of someone going quickly with a burden on his back or under his arm (U.); de tief [‘thief’] was ferdin awa [‘away’] wi’ his frag (booty): U^wg. færd, fɛ̄rd, fǣrd: U. færd, fərd: Fe. A breaking form fjard [fjärd] is reported from Nmⁿ. (N.Roe); to geng fjardin. — Deriv. of ferd¹, sb., in sense of speed; O.N. ferðask, vb., is found only in sense of to voyage, travel. — ferd, as vb. a. in sense of to carry, to bear off, has prob. arisen from førd, vb. a. (q.v.), which has been mingled with ferd, vb. n.

ferdalek [fær··dalək·, fər··dalek· and -lək·], sb., a journey or errand resulting badly or unsuccessfully, occas. also: work badly carried out; in phrases as: hit [‘it’] cam’ till a f., “that was indeed a nice trip or fine result” (ironically), he’s com’ till a f., he made a nice muddle of it; du’s made a f. o’ it, a) that was a nice journey you made, or that was a fine result (ironically); b) what a muddle you have made. Y. (Y^h., Yⁿ.). The form ferdalet [fær··dalət·, fər··dalet·] (Yⁿ.) is doubtless a corruption of ferdalek. — Icel. ferðalok, n., result of a journey, and ferðalag, n., a journey.

ferdaluri, sb., see luraferdi, sb., from which “ferdaluri” has been formed by transposition of the two parts of the compd.

ferdebord [fɛr··dəbərd· (-bȯrd·), fer··də-], sb., great haste; great bustle; to be in a f., to make great haste; to be very busy. Uⁿ. *ferðarburðr. Shetl. ferd¹, sb., journey; speed, and *bord, sb., movement; drift, really, bearing (O.N. burðr), now only in compds. — see fogbord(er), kavabord, and ber, “bear”, vb.

ferdek, sb., see ferd¹, sb. 1.

ferdi [fērdi, fⁱērdi, ferdi, fɛrdi, færdi], adj., in good condition; still active; able to do one’s work; said of an old man, not yet feeling the effects of age; he is still f.; a f. baess, an animal well fed, well cared for (Esh., Nm^w.). fērdi, fⁱērdi: Uⁿ. fɛrdi, færdi: U^{s. and w.} ferdi: Nm^w. (Esh.). The word corresponds exactly in meaning to No. ferdig, ferdug, adj. (Aa. and R.), brisk; hale, etc. (O.N. ferðugr, adj., is handed down only in sense of ready; prepared for travelling). Cf. L.Sc. ferdi, feirdy, adj., explained by Jam. as “strong, active”. Other forms of the Shetl. word are, a) firdi [fɩ̄^ərdi, fɩrdi], which doubtless must be L.Sc. feirdy, and b) firi [fɩri] with dropped original ð. The last form is recorded in Sa. — ferdi, firdi, is rarer in sense of ready, prepared, noted down in Yⁿ. with the pronunc. “ferdi”; No. ferdig, ferdug, Da. færdig (of Germ. orig.; Germ. fertig).

ferdi-bread, sb., see ferdimet, sb.

ferdimet [fær··dimɛt·, fēr··dimɛt·, -met·], sb., provisions for a journey or for a long fishing expedition (at deep-sea fishing). Occas. also fardimet and fardinmet [far··dimɛt·, -mæt·, far··dɩn-]. The cake-shaped loaves (bidis), serving as provisions at deep-sea fishing, are in Fo. called: ferdimet [fērdi-], ferdi [fērdi-]-bread and hafbidis. — *ferðar-matr; O.N. ferð, f., journey; O.N. matr, m., meat. For the form fardi(n)- cf. L.Sc. fard, sb., partly = Shetl. ferd¹.

ferlodin, adj., see forlegen, adj.

Ferna [fē^ərna], sb., the name for a spotted, piebald cow. N.Roe. Preserved in a rigmarole, containing cows’ names. The two names “Flekka, Ferna” being placed together as in a similar Fær. rigmarole of cows’ names, containing “Flekka and Fræna”, Ferna may be considered as having arisen through metathesis from *Frena, older (O.N.) *Fræna. — Prop. the same name as Frona; q.v.

*fernet [fē^ərnət], adj., spotted; piebald, of a cow; a f. coo. N.Roe. For an older *frenet; see further under fronet, adj.

fersmo, sb. and vb., see firsmo, sb. and vb.

fesmel, fesment, sb., see fismel, fisment, sb.

festa [fɛsta, festa], festen [fɛstən, festən], sb., a hook over the fire, on which to hang a cooking-pot; tabu-word, used by fishermen at sea. Fo. Colloquially now comm. called “de crook and de links”. O.N. festr, f., a rope; cord; chain. Cf. kruk, “crook”, sb.

fester [fæstər], sb., 1) commotion in the sea, esp. at change of wind; a heavy f. i’ de sea. Also the sea in uproar, cross-sea. Nm^w. 2) backwash of waves breaking against a steep coast, back-sweep of breakers; de back-f. (frae de shore), = “afluva, afskod, otterskod, overskod, strodda.” Nm^w. — May be a deriv. of O.N. fyssa = fyrsa, vb., to gush, stream in torrents, e.g. in “hvítfyssa”, vb., of water: to foam; to move in white-crested waves, with the substantive hvítfyssi, n.; Icel. hvítfyssa, vb., to foam, of surf. fester, in that case, for *fister or *føster (e in Shetl. Norn replaces in several cases an older ø). For the suffix -ter cf. fuster², sb., fuster, vb., syn. with fester, as well as fust and føst, vb.

festi [fæsti], sb., a rope to which an anchor-stone of a boat is fixed. Uⁿ. Really the same word as festa, festen, sb. Cf. fasti, sb., and ila, sb. — “to lie at de festi” is used syn. with the phrase “to lie at de ila”.

festisten [fæs··tisten·], sb., an anchor-stone of a boat, = ilasten. Uⁿ. See prec. festi, sb.

*festo, *fosto? [fəsto], sb., the bottom of the sea, esp. the surface of a fishing-ground in the sea, fishing-bank. Tabu-word, used at sea by boat fishermen, “de name o’ muttel is said to geng to f.”, the knife has fallen overboard and gone to the bottom (tabu-phrase at sea when fishing). Levenwick, Du. — Appears to be a deriv. of the adj. fast, and prop. to denote firm ground (cf. hardi, sb., and wolhard, sb.), but may also be explained from O.N. vǫst (vözt: Fr.), f., fishing-ground; fishing-bank, as initial v sometimes changes to f in Shetl. Norn. “vǫst” is still found in a somewhat diff. sense (an open, bare waste) in N.I. in the forms wosta (wista) and wostu, q.v.

fetel, fettel [(fɛtəl) fætəl], sb., a band, rope or strap for carrying something over the shoulder (the shoulders); de f. o’ a kessi, a strap on a carrying-basket (the basket is carried on the back, and the strap placed over the shoulders and across the breast); de fetels o’ a mesi, two bands or ropes fixed to each end of an oblong straw-rope net (mesi) by means of which the mesi with the basket (kessi) inside is attached to the pack-saddle (in horse-transport). comm. O.N. fetill, m., a strap by means of which something is carried over the shoulder.

fetl, fettel [(fɛtəl) fætəl, fətəl], vb., to wind; fasten by means of a fetel, sb. (e.g. of a load fastened to a pack-saddle). fətəl: Nm^s. Cf. No. fetla = fatla. See fatl, vb., which is the older form.

fett [fæt], sb., bend of the back; to ha’e a f. i’ de (ane’s) back, to be hollow-backed; he had a f. in his back. Conn., Sandw. (Du.). Cf. No., Icel. and Fær. fetta, vb., to bend back one’s body, fetta sér (Icel.), f. sær (Fær.), f. seg (No.); O.N. fattr, adj., bent backward; Icel. and Fær. fattur, No. fatt, adj., bent backwards; hollow-backed.

fettin [fæ‘tɩn], sb., in the compd. “keel-f.”, bend, curve of a boat’s keel to facilitate sailing (opp. to “keel-krumpin”, the keel-rounding which is better for rowing). Fe. *fetting. See prec. fett, sb.

fib [fəb], sb., downy hairs; small, short, soft hairs. Also fob [fȯb]. Conn. a fibi [fəbi]- or fobi [fȯbi]-seal (Conn.), a young seal. Poss. to be compared with Fær. fípa, f., in “mýri-fípa” = O.N. fífa, f., cotton-grass, (No.) myrdun, cotton-grass, Eriophorum.

fibi or fibbi [fəbi], sb., an otter; tabu-name, used by fishermen at sea. Y. occas. (Y^h.). May, like “fibi-seal”, be derived from fib in sense of small, short, soft hairs. A deriv. of *fibb in sense of tail might, however, also be indicated; cf. Sw. dial. febb, fibb, m., a point; tail (fibbul, m., dog’s tail). In that case, the name must be classed with other sea-terms for the otter, as: dratsi (corresponding to Icel. “dratthali” of the fox); dafi (from O.N. dǫf, f., a hind part), hali (*halin, from O.N. hali, m., a tail), and drinj drinj-tail, dring-tail), really, that which drags its tail.

*fid [fɩd], sb., a low, fertile meadow stretching along a river (or lake) and sometimes inundated; in Y^s. still partly as a common noun, and partly as a place-name: de fids (Fids.), pl.; also U^b.: de Fids (fids), pl. Otherwise the word is common as a place-name in diff. forms: a) Fid- or Fidd- [fɩd]: Fidda [fɩda] and “Uta-dyke’s-Fidda” (oot o’ dyke’s = outside the fences) (Lerabakk, Fo.); de Fiddins [fɩdens] (U^wg.), def. pl. form: *fitjarnar; Fidna grøna [fɩdna grøna] (Collaster, Ai.), a piece of meadow in the middle of a swampy dale between two hills: *fitin (accus.: fitina) grœna (accus.: grœnu), “the green meadow”. b) Fitj [fɩtᶊ]: de Fitj (Ti.); de meadow o’ Fitjin [fɩtᶊɩn] (De.), def. sing. form: *fitin; de Fitjes [fɩtᶊəs] (Hoswick, Du.), pl.; de Fitjins [fɩtᶊɩns] (Fe., Collafirth, Nm., Catfirth, N.); occas. also Vidji [vɩdᶎɩ] (M.Roe). c) as the last part of the compd. occas.: fit [fɩt], e.g. de Kjorkafits [ᶄȯ‘r··kafɩts·] (Bakka, De., Uyea, Nm.): *kirkju-fitjar. d) “Fed [fēd]” in e.g. de Fedis [fēdis] (Lunnister, Nm.), and “Fjed [fjēd]” in e.g. Fjedhul [fjēd··hul·] (Flad., C.), a piece of damp meadow at the foot of a hillock, orig. the name of the hillock itself: *fit-hóll. See Shetl. Stedn. p. 92. — O.N. fit, f. (pl. fitjar), meadow-land on the banks of a firth, lake or river.

fidabord, fidebord, sb., see fire-bord, sb.

fiddikoddi [fɩd··ɩkȯd·i], vb., concubare. St. Vulgar. The first part prob. Da. dial. fitte, Sw. dial. fitta, f., vulva, pudendum muliebre.

fider, fidder [fɩdər, fedər], sb., a sheep-mark: a slanting cut, esp. from the upper edge of a sheep’s ear, opp. to “hingin’ [‘hangin’] widder” = a cut slanting from below upwards. In some places (as in Y.) fider, fidder is similar to “strae-draw”, a strip cut from the edge of a sheep’s ear. wid(d)er [wɩdər, wedər] (in several places) and wit(t)er [wɩtər, wetər] (Ai.) are parallel forms to fid(d)er. The word orig. means feather. Cf. Icel. and Fær. fjöður, f., a) a feather; b) a cut, slanting from the upper edge of a sheep’s ear, also Icel. “hangandi fjöður”, a cut, slantingfrom below in a sheep’s ear (orally reported). A distinct difference of pronunc. is made between fid(d)er and “fedder” [fædər, fɛdər], the latter, from Mod. Eng. feather. Shetl. fid(d)er, acc. to the vowel-sound, appears to spring from a “*fiðr” without changing i to ja (jǫ). O.N. fjǫðr, f. (feather but fiðri, n.: plumage), Icel. fiðr, n.; A.S. feðer, fiðer, f., feather. — The similarity of Icel. fjöður b and Shetl. fid(d)er indicates that “fjǫðr, *fiðr”, applied to a sheep-mark, is very old in the Northern (Norn) language.

fiderd, fidderd [fɩdərd, fedərd], adj., of a sheep’s ear: marked with fid(d)er (a slant cut, or a strip cut off); a f. lug [‘ear’]. With ref. to the form, cf. O.N. fiðrðr and fiðraðr, adj., feathered.

fifl, sb., see fivl, sb.

fifel [fifəl], vb., to act foolishly. Wests. (Sa.). — Ork. feiffle, fiffle, vb., to work awkwardly and aimlessly (E.D.D.). — *fífla, from O.N. fífl, n., a clown, fool; O.N. fífla, vb., is handed down in a somewhat diff. sense: to fool one; to seduce.

fifler [fiflər], sb., a foolish person. Wests. (Sa.). Deriv. of fifel, vb. [*fífla]. Fivla [fɩvla], on the other hand, as the name for a goblin (prop. the name for a sorceress) in old Shetl. tales of goblins, must be derived directly from O.N. fífl, n., a goblin; fool; cf. O.N. fífla, f., a foolish, silly woman.

†fik [fi̇̄k], sb., comm. in pl., fiks: fancies, capricious orders, esp. wanting many small things done. Uⁿ. A form of pronunc. “fɩk”, in sense of bustle (fidgety) trifling, is found in the compd. gumpelfik, sb. (q.v.). — O.N. and L.Sc. See further fik, vb.

fik [fik, fɩk], vb., to bustle about with trifles; to geng fikin aboot; what is du fikin aboot de day [‘to-day’]?; to f. at or wi’ onyting [‘something’]. No. fika, vb., to bustle; fidget; trifle, etc. (R.), of restless bustle, exactly like Shetl. fik; almost like L.Sc. “fike, fyke, feik”, vb.; cf. Icel. and Sw. dial. fika, Da. dial. fige, to hasten (to desire; aspire). The k, preserved at the end of Shetl. fik, is prob. due to L.Sc. influence.

fikek [fikək, fɩkək], sb., a wisp; dishevelled lock; his hair is hangin’ in fikeks, like fikeks. U. Doubtless to be classed with No. fiklast, vb., to become entangled. Cf. fisk², sb.

fillafoga [fɩᶅ·afō·ga (feᶅ·a-), fəᶅ·a-] and fillafjoga [fɩl·afjō·ga (fel·a-), fəl·a-], sb. and adv.: 1) sb. in the expr.: “hit [‘it’] turned ut [‘out’] a f. wi’ him”, it came to nothing, everything has gone wrong with him. 2) adv. in the expr.: “hit guid [‘went’] or turned (is gane, turned) f.”, it went (has gone) quite wrong with the work, it became (has become) a mere muddle. Uⁿ. The compd. uncertain. filla- might have arisen from No. fikla, vb., to fidget; bungle; f(j)oga may be referred to the root in No. fokla, vb., = fikla, or to No. foga, vb. (to cram; stuff), in sense of stamping about without getting any farther.

fillek, sb., see fullek, sb.

filsk [fə‘lsk] and fjilsk [fjɩ‘lsk, fjə‘lsk], vb., to make fun; to f. wi’ de lasses. U. Prob. a more mod. verbal form; cf. filska, sb., and filsket, adj.

filska [fə‘lska], sb., foolery; silly fun; flighty behaviour; he did it t’rough [‘through’] f. N.I. Also fjilska [fjɩ‘lska, fjə‘lska]: U. occas. and Du.; more rarely fjolska [fjꜵ̈‘lska]: Wests. occas. The word seems to imply O.N. fíflska, f., folly (Icel.: foolery; madness), and O.N. fólska, f., foolishness; poss. also *villska (No. villska, f., wildness; hot temper, and villskap, m., wildness; wantonness). fjolska most prob. points to “fólska”. — Cf. fifel, vb., and filsket, adj.

filsket [fə‘lskət], adj., foolish; half silly, esp. of wildness, excessive mirth, fjilsket [fjɩ‘lskət, fjə‘lskət]: U. occas.; Du. fjolsket [fjꜵ̈‘lskət]; Wests. occas. The word prob. includes both O.N. (Mod. Icel.) fíflskr, adj., silly; foolish, and O.N. fólskr, silly; stupid; poss. also *villsk-; see prec. filska, sb. fjolsket most prob. points to “fólskr”.

fim [fɩm], sb., = fem, sb.; a fim o’ meal, a fim o’ frost, “fɩm”: Y. occas., Fe^e.; “fem”: Fe^w. Also fjim [fjɩm] (U. occas.). — No. fim, n., a thin layer (R.), = feim; O.Da. and Da. dial. fiim, sb., a thin layer; froth, etc.

fimis [fɩmɩs, fimɩᶊ], sb., haste, esp. confused, noisy haste. Also confusion; excitement. Is prob. No. fima, f., precipitation; haste (R.), from O.N. fimr, adj., nimble; agile, but appears to be influenced by Eng. fumish, adj., and fumishness, sb. Cf. fommis.

fimis [fɩmɩs, fɩmɩᶊ], vb., to make great haste. No. fima (fima seg), vb., to hasten. For the suffix -is in^{[errata 1]} fimis see fimis, sb.

fimm, vb., and fimmin, sb., see fomm, vb., and fommin, sb.

*fimm [fem], num., five, O.N. fimm. F.I.

fin, finn [fɩn, fən], sb., layer of dust, commonly: a layer of mould or mustiness, e.g. on corn, bread, occas. also on fish, meat (cf. blonäild, adj.); der’r a f. upon it. Sometimes in the compd. blofin(n) [blofɩn·, bᶅofɩn·, -fən·] or “blue-fin(n)”, “blue mould". Also finni [fəᶇɩ], blofinni [blofəᶇ·ɩ], blue-f. (N.). No. faan, f., Fær. fon, n., Da. dial. føn and Sw. fan, n., dust; a layer of dust; flake; down; No. fauna, føyna, f., putrid skin (on fluid, esp. on milk). finni, esp. might be syn. with a *fyrni; No. forne, m., inter alia mould. See finsk, sb.

†find (fiend) [find], sb., thin, poor corn. Uⁿ. Prob. Eng. fiend, sb. See further under fjandi, sb.

find [fɩnd], adj., covered with a layer of dust, mustiness or mould, f. corn. blofind [blofɩnd·, bᶅofɩnd·], blue-find, musty. A deriv. of fin, finn, sb. Cf. finnet, finsket, adjs.

finder [fɩndər], sb., a find; something found; yon [‘that’] is a f.! it is a good find, a thing of great value, mostly ironically; I fann a f., I made a good find, partly ironically. Nm^w., Wh., Fe. — O.N. fyndr, m., a find. — A form finden (Edm.) may have arisen from the def. accus. form “fyndinn” (nom. fyndrinn). — See funder, sb.

fingerbjörg (-bjorg), sb., see björg (bjorg), sb.

finn [fɩn], vb., 1) vb. a., to find, O.N. finna. 2) vb. a., to be sensible of, to feel, = O.N. finna, finna til; I fann de gof o’ his breath, I felt his strong breath on my face (Y^h.); to finn cauld [‘cold’], to feel cold. 3) vb. n., to feel; to f. weel [‘well’], to feel well, to f. ill, to feel ill, to be indisposed; I finn no [‘not’] very weel; hoo (foo) finns du? hoo (foo)’s du finnin? how are you? (Fe.). No. finna seg, to feel. — The old inflection is partly preserved in the Shetl. verb.; impf.: fann [fan] = O.N. fann, found; perf. part.: fonn [fȯn] = O.N. funninn, found.

finna, finni, sb., see fona, sb.

finnet [fɩnət, fənət], adj., covered with dust; musty; mouldy, = find, adj.; blofinnet [blofɩn·ət, bᶅofɩn·ət, -fən·ət], blue-finnet, musty.

finsk [fɩ‘nsk, fə‘nsk], sb., 1) layer of dust, mustiness or mould, = fin, finn, sb., blofinsk [blofɩ‘nsk·, bᶅofɩ‘nsk·, -fə‘nsk·] and blovinsk [-vɩ‘nsk, -və‘nsk], blue-f., “blue mould”. 2) a slight covering of clouds, haze (Du.), = a) fjonsk [fjȯ‘nsk], which is doubtless a parallel form to finsk; b) fjongs, fongs, fjons. All these forms, given under meaning 2, are peculiar to Du. — Ross records (doubtfully) a form “finnske”, m., mould (= farde), in No. (Ryf.). Cf. Sw. dial. fönske, m., a covering, thin crust on the earth when the snow has melted in spring. Fær. (Sandø) finska [fɩ‘nska], vb., to become musty, e.g. of corn, = fúna, vb.

finsket [fɩ‘nskət, fə‘nskət], adj., = find and finnet, adj., blofinsket [blofɩ‘n·skət, -fə‘n·skət, bᶅo-] and blovinsket [-vɩ‘nskət, -və‘nskət], blue-f., musty. Esh., Nm^w.: finsket and finted; q.v.

finster [fɩ‘nstər, fə‘nstər], sb., a find, an object found; I’m fonn a f., I have made a (valuable) find. Ai. Deriv. of finn, vb., formed like words ending in -ster. Cf. finder and funder, sbs.

finted [fɩ‘ntəd] and fintet [f^əi‘ᶇƫət], adj., = find, finnet, finsket, adj.; finted, fintet corn. N^w. occas. [fɩ‘ntəd]. Y^b. [f^əi‘ᶇƫət].

fintek [f^əi‘ntək], sb., esp. in the compd. “roni [roni]-f.”, a) a puddle, inside or outside a byre; b) a filthy puddle or slough covered with green slime. Fe. fintek is doubtless a deriv. of O.N. fen, n., a swamp; soft bog; morass; with roni, cf. No. raan, f., and Fær. runa, f., mire; mud. The first part of No. runefen, n., quagmire round a watercourse (run; R.), differs in meaning from the first part of the Shetl. word.

fip [fip], vb., to steal about (prop. to walk on tiptoe): a) to trip about, to geng fipin aboot; — to steal about, ingratiating oneself in order to get something; to come fipin, to come fawning; de hens cam’ here fipin. b) to walk feebly with short steps, of a weakly person. U. No. fippa, to grip with one’s finger-tips (from “fipp”, m., a tip; point); No. fjappen, adj., light; nimble. O.N. fipla, vb., to touch, finger. Cf. fisp, vb.

firdet [fɩrdət], adj. (prop. perf. part.), lost; disappeared, of something not to be found, in spite of search. U.? Edm.: firdit. — Prob.: firðr, perf. part. of O.N. firra, vb., to put out of sight; take away; deprive.

*fire [fərə], prep. for, in a single, old rigmarole: gott or goit f. monna, good for the mouth, in the verse about the cat (see Introd.). Conn. O.N. fyrir, prep., for.

*fire [fərə, fɩrə, fi̇̄rə], num., four; O.N. fjórir; only in the riddle about the cow: F. honge, f. gonge. . . . four are hanging, four are going . . . . . . .(see Introd.). U. The pronunc. of “firə” is not regularly developed from O.N. fjórir; cf. Fær. fíra, No. fire (= fjore) and Da. fire, modified acc. to Germ. vier.

firebord [(fɩr··əbȯrd·) fər··əbȯrd·], sb., an apparition coming as a (supernatural) warning. N.I. The expr. “turned till a f.”, is used in Ai. in the foll. senses: a) has come to nothing, a vain hope; b) of a person: entirely emaciated. Also (corrupted) fidabord, fidebord [fɩd··abȯrd·, -bərd·, fəd··a-, fəd··ə-] (U. occas.; Ai. occas.) and fjedebord [fjē··dəbərd· (-bȯrd·)] (Fe. occas.) in sense of a vision; warning. O.N. fyrirburðr, m., appearance; vision; spectre, prop. that which gives rise to presentiment; cf. “ber afore” under ber, bear, vb.

*firfoder, sb., a sea-term, tabu-name for cat. Reported by J.I. Prop. the four-footed one. See *fire, numeral, and fudin, sb., a cat (tabu-name) — the last word in various forms.

firi [fɩri, fi̇ɩ̄ri, fi̇̄ri], sb., epidemic, = far³, sb.; esp. canine epidemic, a f. among de dogs. In Fe. firi [fɩ̄ri] is occas. used disparagingly or jokingly of a slight illness, a cold, etc.; du’s gotten a f. In Conn. often fig. of a sickly, nervous state or indisposition supposed (formerly supposed) to be caused by the fairies; wha’s [‘who has’] gi’en dee de f.? — For *feri? Is doubtless a deriv. of far³, sb. Note No. “ferd” in “yverferd”, f., epidemic.

firl, firel [fɩrəl], sb., a ridiculous new fashion in dress; a new f. on de hat. U. Prob. to be classed with No. firl, n., something crumpled. Infl. by Eng. furl, vb.?

firsmo [fərsmō·], sb., 1) contempt; outrage; neglect; to get a f. 2) a trifle; a small, trifling present; to get a mere f. Wests. N.I. O.N. fyrirsmán (forsmán; Icel.) and fyrirsmáning, f., contempt. See firsmo, vb.

firsmo [fərsmō·], vb., 1) to diminish or lessen; to represent one’s resources as being poorer than they are; to understate; complain without reason; Ai.; Y. firsmjo [fərsmjō·] a firsmjoin [fərsmjō·ɩn] body: Y^b. 2) more comm.: to disregard; disdain; also to scorn; insult. — O.N. fyrirsmá, vb., to despise. In Shetl. the word is preserved in its orig. meaning: to reduce; to lessen the value of a thing.

first [fə‘rst], adj. and adv., first, O.N. fyrstr and fyrst, is used occas. in sense of not until now, = Da. først nu, Fær. nú fyrsta; I’m f. come, I have just come (U.).

fis [fi̇̄s], vb., of fluid: to ooze; flow slowly (through narrow openings), to f. ut t’rough (Fe.). Doubtless also of air: to press through an opening, and in that case, the same word as O.N. físa, vb., to fizzle; puff.

*fisk¹ [fɩsk], sb., fish. Fo. In Ai. a form, fusk [fosk], is preserved as a sea-term, tabu-name for fish. O.N. fiskr, m., fish. Cf. the compds. fiskafjel (-brod), sb., fiskali, adj.

fisk² [fisk], sb., comm. in pl.: fisks, small, short, faded tufts, wisps of hair, esp. on an elderly person, fisks o’ hair. Fe., Nm^w. Appears to belong partly to Sw. dial. fjas, n., short, downy hairs, O.Da. fjæs, fjøs, føs — fibre, cf. Sw. (Da.) dial. fjässkad, adj., “furry”, “bushy”, of hair: S.Schonen (Ri. under fjas¹), partly to O.N. fis- in fisbleikr, adj., pale, withered, No. and Sw. dial. bleikfis (blaik-, blek-), Da. dial. blegfis, a pale, gaunt, withered person. Cf. fisket, adj., and frisk, sb.

fiska [fɩska]-brod, sb., see fiskafjel, sb.

fiskafjel [fɩs··kafjē^əl·] and fiskafel [fɩs··kafel·, -fəl·], sb., “fish-board”, partition in a boat to prevent the fish slipping from one hold to another. The “fish-boards” are placed under the so-called bekks (fastibekks, fastibands, hadibands, the cross-bars under the thwarts). fiskafjel: U. fiskafel: comm. *fiskafjǫl. See *fisk¹, sb., and fjel, sb.

fiskali [fɩs··kali· (fəs··kali·)], adj., 1) a) suitable for fishing; f. bait, a good, large piece of bait, a f. bit o’ line, a f. ayre [‘oar’], a f. hook; hit ’s no f. de day, it is not a good day (the weather is unfavourable) to-day for fishing; b) lucky for fishing, e.g. observance of old customs, tabu-rules. 2) that becomes a fisherman, orderly, neat, tidy, a f. body [‘person’]. N.I. Occas. fistli [fɩstli (fəstli)] for *fiskli, a f. bait: Y^b. — O.N. fiskiligr, adj., fit for fishing. Cf. ufiskali (un-fiskali) and “*fiskarroe”.

“*fiskarroe”, adj., unlike or unbecoming a practical fisherman, = ufiskali. U.? Acc. to Edm. Not further corroborated.

fisket [fiskət], adj., out of order, tangled, of locks of hair; lass, dy hair is a’ [‘all’] f. Wh., Fe., Nm^w. Deriv. of fisk², sb. Cf. Sw. (Da.) dial. fjässkad, adj., “furry”, “bushy”, of hair: S.Sc. (Ri. under fjas¹). fisket poss. for frisket? The meaning appears, in any case, to be infl. by the latter word. See frisk, sb., and frisket, adj.

fismel [(fɩzməl) fezməl] and fisment [(fɩsmənt) fesmənt], sb., a small part of something, particle; dey’re [‘they have’] no [‘not’] left a fismel o’ it (Y^b.: fezməl); a fisment o’ meal, sugar, tea, etc. (U^mo.), fismel and pismel: U^c. [fɩsməl and pesməl]. Cf. No. fisma, f., of something thin, and too fine (thin material), fismen, adj., very supple, thin, fine. — fismel is formed with the derivative ending “-el”; fisment, on the other hand, is formed similarly to Eng. words ending in -ent (-ment) as “fragment”.

fisp [fisp, fɩsp], sb., a person tripping about lightly, esp. applied to elderly people. Uⁿ. See further fisp, vb.

fisp [fisp, fɩsp], vb., 1) to trip lightly and nimbly, but feebly about, esp. of elderly people not decrepit with age; a braw fispin body [‘person’] (pres. part. fispin often appears as an adjective in sense of light, nimble, but feeble), 2) to work the line backwards and forwards in order to make the water foamy, in fly-fishing; as v. a.: to f. de water. Uⁿ. — Prob. for an older *fips by metathesis of p and s; in that case, a deriv. of fip, vb., to trip (see prec.), No. fippa, vb., to grip with one’s finger-tips; for the suffix cf. No. fjapsa, vb., to grip a little ata time, etc. (R.), partly = fippa.

fispen [fispən, fɩspən], adj., light and nimble, but feeble, esp. of elderly people; a f. body (person). Prop. pres. part. fispin? see prec. fisp, vb. Might be an older *fipsinn; cf. No. fjappen, adj., light; ninɩble, with the deriv. fjaps-.

fist, sb., see frist, sb.

fister, fisterment, sb., in swearing, in the expr.: “ill f.!”; see vister, sb.

fisti [fisti]-ba’, sb., a fungus-ball, filled with powder, (acc. to Edm.: Agaricus campestris). U. No. fisball, m., = fissopp, puff-ball (Lycoperdon Bovista), Da. fisebolle (dial.) and (after Germ.) “bofist”, id.; Icel. físisveppur, Fær. físibjölgur. For the form fisti- cf. A.S. físt and Germ. fist (bofist), m., puff-ball; t in fisti- (fisti-ba) may orig. from A.S. (A.S. and Germ. fist). “ba’” in “fisti-ba” is the L.Sc. form of Eng. ball; the Shetl. compd. thus corresponds to No. “fisball” and Da. “fisebolle”. The Norw. form fisball is found in the place-name Fiseballand (U^bu.). — fusti [fusti]-ba’ is found as a parallel form to “fistiba”’ (e.g. in N.I.).

fit [fit], vb., to potter about doing some work without strength or energy, to geng fitin aboot, to fit aboot de wark [‘work’]. Nm^w. fit is the root in No. fitla, vb., to touch lightly — see further fitl, fitel, vb.

†fitgeng [fətgæŋ], sb., cattle-track. Y. fit- is L.Sc. fit, sb., a foot. O.N. fótganga, f., walking on foot. L.Sc. fitgang (a small patch of ground; a long, narrow chest) deviates in meaning from the Shetl. word.

fitj [fɩtᶊ (fətᶊ)], vb., to plait or twist into each other, esp. straw bands; to f. a chair, to fix net-work under the seat of a chair (Uⁿ.), to f. a peg, to fix net-work round a jar (Uⁿ.), to f. a roof, a hoose, to thatch a house (really to twist straw-bands round a stack of grain (U., Fe.). In Du. the word is used in a special meaning, viz.: in the expr. “to f. fetels”, really to twist a bearing-band (fetel = carrying-band on a basket, kessi), now only in a fig. sense of two persons who, carrying peats, meet each other repeatedly, the one with an empty kessi (basket) on his back, the other with a full one, exchange their kessis and go back, etc.; also called “to geng [‘go’] fitj-fetels [fɩtᶊ··fæt·əls]. No. fitja, Sw. dial. fittja, vb., to draw together (to plait), tie together; Icel. fitja, vb., to make folds; Da. fedde, vb., to tie in skeins (hanks of thread).

fitj-fetel, sb., see under fitj, vb.

fitjin [fɩtᶊɩn], straw-band twisted in and out, used in thatching. U. Deriv. of fitj, vb.

fitl, fitel [fɩtəl, f^ɛitəl, f^æitəl, fæitəl], vb., 1) to take short, light steps in walking; U.? (Edm.: fittl). 2) to do trifling work; to bungle; to f. aboot somet’in’; what is du fitlin aboot? N.Roe or Wh. [fɩtəl]; Uⁿ. [(f^ɛitəl, f^æitəl) fæitəl], — O.N. (and Mod. Icel.) fitla, vb., to touch lightly; No. fitla, vb., to bungle; trifle; Sw. dial. (Gothl.) fittlä, vb., to be dilatory. — Cf. fatl, fattel, vb. 2, with fitl 2. See further fit, vb., from which fitl is derived.

fitlek, fitlin, fitrik, sb., a sea-term (tabu-name) for mouse; see further fotlek, fotlin, sb.

fitlin [fɩtlin, fətlin, f^əɩtlin, fəɩtlin, fəɩtᶅɩn, fäitlin, fäitᶅɩn], sb., the skin of the foot of animals, esp. of a cow, ox, or horse; is made into rivlins (shoes). — fɩtlɩn, fətlin: comm. fəɩtᶅɩn and fäitᶅɩn: Fe. fäitlin: Uⁿ. — *fitlingr. No. fitel (R.) and fetling (Aa.), m., skin of the foot of an animal, fitjung, m., a shoe made of the skin of a foot, are derivs. of O.N. fit, f., hide between the hoofs of a cloven-footed animal, also web, the webbed foot of water-birds, in No. also = fitel, fetling. Cf. O.N. fitskór, m., a shoe made of fit. — See pjokleg, sb.

fitlinn, fit-linn [fɩtlɩn, fətlɩn], sb., a stretcher in a boat supporting the feet in rowing, = Fær. fótalunnur. The first syllable is L.Sc. fit, sb., a foot; for the second syllable see linn¹, sb.

fitsek, sb., a sea-term (tabu-name) for mouse; see fotsek, sb.

fittek, fitter, fittin, sb., sea-term (tabu-name) for mouse and cat; see fudin (futen, futer).

fitti, sb., see foti (futi), sb.

fitwark, fit-wark [fətwä‘rk], sb., 1) pain in the feet. 2) much trudging about; we had a f. destreen [‘yesterday’]. O.N. fótaverkr, m., gout. “fit” is a L.Sc. form (cf. prec. fitgeng, fitlinn); prob. also “wä‘rk” (L.Sc. wark = Eng. work, N.Eng. dial. wark = an ache, a pain). The compd., now modified in its form acc. to L.Sc. pronunc., is doubtless ancient in Shetl., arising from O.N. fótaverkr, to which the meaning of “fitwark 1” assimilates.

fivl, fivel [fɩvəl], fivla [fɩvla (fəvla)] and fivlin [fɩvlɩn], sb., a very thin layer of something; a fiv(e)l o’ butter (on bread), o’ meal, o’ snaw [‘snow’], etc.; a fivlin o’ smer (Fo.) = a fiv(e)l o’ butter. In Fo. also noted down in sense of a thin layer of low-lying mist, a fivl o’ mist. Prob. mostly of a thin covering of snow, a fivl (fivla) o’ snaw. — fivl, fivel: comm. fivla: Fe. fivlin: Fo. — Other forms: fifl, fifel [fɩfəl], a f. o’ snaw, and fibl, fibel [fɩbəl], a f. o’ snaw (De.). — O.N. fǫlva (fölva), f., and fǫl (föl), f. and n., a thin covering of snow (snæfǫlva, snjá- and snjófǫl); Fær. følv (fölv), felv, n., and følvan (fölvan), felvan, f., a thin layer (of snow, of butter on bread), følva (fölva), felva, vb., to spread on quite thinly; to make a thin covering of snow on the ground. Icel. föl, n., a) fading; b) “a little snow hardly visible on the ground” (B.H.). — The Shetl. forms have arisen by metathesis of l and v: fivl for an older *filv or *felv.

fivl, fivel [fɩvəl], vb., to cover thinly, e.g. to spread butter thinly on bread, to f. upo de bread. Fo. Fær. følva (fölva), felva, vb., id. See above fivl, sb. Fivla, sb., name for a sorceress: see under fifler, sb.

fjab, sb., see flab, sb.

fjag¹ [fjāg], sb., I) 1) dust; flake; something light, dust-like (U.); fine meal-dust (U^wg.). 2) a thin, light covering of clouds; detached, misty clouds in motion; Fe. and Y. occas. (Y^h., Y^e.); de f. is flyin’ ower de sky (Fe^w.). 3) drizzle or snow falling slightly (mostly in calm weather), a slight shower, a f. o’ rain, o’ weet [‘wet’], a f. o’ snaw [‘snow’]; U. (Uⁿ.). II) 1) something loose, unravelled, feazed; de end o’ de rep [‘rope’] is a’ [‘all’] in a f., the end of the rope is quite feazed (Fe.); his head was in a f., his hair was quite dishevelled, hanging loose and untidy (Fe., Y.); cf. meaning II 2 c; to be in a great f., to be very untidily dressed (Nm^w.). 2) a) thin, short, empty corn in the field, a corn (a trifle) o’ f.; b) thin, poor hay; c) scant, dishevelled hair (see fjag II 1). Fe. and occas. Y. (Y^h.). 3) lumber, a lock [‘lot’] o’ f. (Fe.). — Old *fjak? see fjakom, sb. (trash; mess). Various words may here have been merged together. With fjag II 2 maybe compared No. fjagg, n., scantily growing (poor) grass, hair, etc. (R.). fjag I assimilates entirely to fjog² or fjug (fjok, fjuk), sb., and might be a parallel form to this word. A *fyk, which through *fig [*fi̇̄g] was changed to fjag by a later change of i to ja, might be indicated. Change of i, and esp. e, in Shetl. Norn, is carried out in a somewhat different way from the other Northern languages. — Cf. No. fyk, n., “some snow, just enough to drift” (R.), with fjag I 3, and cf. Sw. dial. fyk, n., a flake, = fjuk, with fjag I. With fjag cf. further Shetl. (Fe.) fjeg [fjē^əg], sb., rags; fibres, which might be regularly developed from a *fig (cf. e.g. monnvjeg from monnvig, -vik, ongnibjeder from onglabiter. bjerek from birek, from O.N. byrr, m., fair wind). Note, however, forms with “ja”, such as Sw. dial. “fjagel, fjagla”, recorded in Ri. with reference to “fjuk” — not mentioned, however, under this word (verb). — See fjog² or fjug (fjok, fjuk) and fjogg¹, sbs.

fjag² [fjāg], sb., 1) eager bustling with trifles (N.I.?). 2) fidgeting about a person with excessive or simulated kindness and care; to be in (op in) a f. aboot ane (Nm.; Ai.). 3) feverish bustle; to be in a great f. aboot somet’in’, to be very busy about something, of fidgety bustle with little progress (Nm^w.); needless haste, to be in a f. (Nm^s.). 4) a long, close conversation, esp. disparagingly, mockingly or jokingly: a long, wearisome talk (between two persons); to get intill [‘into’] a f. (Nm.; De.). — No. fjak, n., fidgety bustle. Cf. also No. fik, n., and fika, f., restless bustle or haste, Icel. and Sw. dial. fik, n., Da. dial. figværk, haste. See fjag², vb., and fjakk, sb.

fjag¹ [fjāg], vb., to unravel; feaze, esp. in perf. part. fjaget [fjāgət], fjaget op, unravelled; feazed; de end o’ de rep [‘rope’] is a’ [‘all’] fjaget op (Fe.). Deriv. of fjag¹, sb. (meaning II 1).

fjag² [fjāg], vb., 1) to trifle (N.I.?). 2) to fidget about someone, simulating excessive kindness and care, to f. aboot ane (Nm.; Ai.), = the more usual fjarm, vb. No. fjaka, vb., to fidget; bustle. Cf. also No. fika, vb., to fidget; wag; trifle, etc. (R.).

fjagers [fjāgərs], exclamation of annoyance, e.g. when something has been lost: hang it! etc.; also = fy upon it! fie. U. Cf. fjaldreks.

fjakom [fjakom, fjakəm], sb., scrapings; thin, worthless stuff; a grain o’ f. N.Roe. Cf. fjag¹, sb.

fjakk [fjak], sb., 1) feverish hurry, aimless and useless bustling about; de(r) wer [‘there was’] a f. upon him; to be in a f. U. and Y. 2) trouble; anxiety; dilemma; to be in a f. U. No. fjakk, n., bustle; deriv. of *fjak; see fjag², sb. Fær. fjakk, n., disorder; confusion.

fjakk, vb., see fjogg, vb.

fjal [fjāl], vb., to hide oneself; disappear: now only in fishermen’s tabu-lang. at sea: Pobi [pōbi] is fjalin, “Pobi” (sea-term for a hill in Unst, used as a landmark during fishing) is disappearing (hiding itself) in the distance. U. (U^wg.). *fjala from “fela”. O.N. fela, Fær. fjala, vb., to hide.

fjaldreks [fjaldrəks], exclamation of surprise; oh, f. on eart’! what on earth! etc. U. (U^wg.).

*fjalsgord [fja‘lskər]-dyke, sb., a fence, division, marking the boundary between parts of the out-field (Uⁿ.); now comm.: hill-dyke. *Fjalsgord [fja‘lsgōrd] and “f.-dyke”, now obs. as a common noun, is used as a place-name in Uⁿ., esp. as a name for the remains of an old fence, separating the villages Haroldswick and Norwick: de F.-g. (-dyke). *fjallsgarðr. O.N. fjall, n., mountain, and garðr, m., a wall. “dyke” (L.Sc. dyke, sb., a wall) is a tautological addition to gord (q.v.). — fjall is found in a few other place-names, such as: “de Fjalsa-mires” (Fe.): *fjalls-(mýrar); but otherwise the unchanged form fell is usual in place-names of heights. For the forms of place-names: Fjel, Fjelli, Mellen fjella (Mella fjela), see fell, sb.

fjamer, vb., see fjarm, vb.

fjana [fjāna], sb., a disagreeable, obtrusive flock, esp. of poultry (hens); a f. o’ hens, o’ dukes [‘ducks’]. Conn. Doubtless something belonging to the devil, devilment. A mingling of fjandi(n) (O.N. fjandinn, the devil) and “fan-”, the devil? Fær. fani, No., Sw. and Da. “fanen, fan”, the devil, prop. L.Germ. — fjana might have arisen from *fana by a later inserted j. Fær. fananskapur can be used, similar to Shetl. “fjana”, of an obtrusive flock. — Though a few instances are found in Shetl. in which a is developed from an orig. ó (thus: *mara, mother), owing to phonetic reasons “fjana” can hardly be derived from fjón, n., enmity; hatred, esp. as another obvious explanation exists.

fjandi [fjandi, fjäᶇdi (fjaⁱndi)], sb., 1) with the def. art. of the old lang.: fjandin [fjandin, -dɩn], the devil, mostly in exclamations, oaths, such as: f. sit i’ dy hands! (U.), oh f.! confound it! hang it! (Wests., Fo.). In De. the word is found equally stressed on both syllables: fjan·din·, noted down in the expr. “gane to de f.” gone to the devil, entirely disappeared. 2) contemptuous term for short, thin corn; Uⁿ. [(fjaⁱndi) fjäᶇdi]; now more usually “fiend” (Uⁿ.). With suffixed art.: fjandin [fjandin], thin, empty corn (Nm.). — O.N. fjandi (fjándi), m., enemy; devil, with def. art. (fjandinn), the devil. With ref. to Shetl. fjandi 2, cf. the use of Icel. “trami”, partly a) the devil; partly b) poor yarn.

fjanskin [fja‘nskin], an oath; exclamation: oh f.! confound it! hang it! Wests. Also used as a kind of blessing: f. upo yon ting! may fortune attend that child! (opp. to: heaviness upo. . .! may misfortune attend. .!); Sa.; prob. applied here in a sense opp. to the orig., as the word must be regarded as a corruption of fjandin. See prec. fjandi, sb.

fjarm [fjārm], sb., 1) fawning; ingratiating oneself; to had [‘hold’] a (big) f. aboot ane (Du.) = to fjarm aboot ane. 2) whimpering; whining complaint. 3) chattering; jabbering. See fjarm, vb.

fjarm [fjārm], vb., 1) to ingratiate oneself; to fawn, to f. aboot ane; rather comm.; de cat was fjarmin aboot him, the cat was purring and rubbing her head against him (U.). 2) to talk in a whimpering voice, to whine, what is du fjarmin aboot? N.I.? 3) to chatter, talk nonsense; also fjamer [fjāmər] with change of r and m. N.Roe. — No. fjarma, vb., to talk softly; to seem gentle and kind; to fawn, also: to chatter unreliably.

fjarmsom [fjarmsɔm], adj., that makes himself agreeable; fawning, ingratiating, a f. body; Wests. “he was no [‘not’] very f. wi’ us ava’ [‘at all’], he did not give us any kind welcome at all (Fo.). Also very talkative (N.Roe). — *fjarmsamr. See prec. fjarm, vb.

fjarsk, vb., see fjask, vb.

fjarskin [fja‘rskin, -ɩn] and fjaskin [fjaskin], exclamation, 1) = fjandin, the devil; what f. [fja‘rskin, -ɩn] is de matter wi’ dee? Uⁿ. 2) interj., outburst, expressing occas. anger, disappointment, gloom; occas. feeling of pleasure; oh f.! The devil! ’Sdeath! Heigh-ho! U. [fja‘rskin, -ɩn, fjaskin]. Fe. [fja‘rskin], On Wests. (Sa.) is found fjarstin [fjä‘rstin] and fjorstin [fjȯ‘rstɩn], prob. for “fjarskin”, in sense of oh! Heaven help us! — Cf.(?) Icel. fjarski, m., exceedingly much; unreasonable, etc., fjarskaligr, adj., and fjarskaliga, adv., exceedingly, etc.

fjarter [fja‘rtər], sb., a rag; shred, (a torn) piece, esp. in pl. in the expr.: torn in fjarters, torn, asunder, to pieces, mostly of garments; also in a wider sense: laid in fjarters, torn asunder, crushed, De., Fe.? Syn. with the expr. “torn in fjarters” is used “torn in tarters [ta‘rtərs]” (Y^h.). tarters appears to be “tǫtrar”, pl. of O.N. tǫturr, m., tatter; fjarter might then be a comb. of a) one of the many words prefixed by fj- denoting something tattered (in Mod. Shetl. are found: fjag¹, fjeg, fjogg² or fjugg, fjoks- (fjuks-), fjunks, fjølg), and b) tarter. Note No. fjarreleg, fjurreleg, fjurren (R.), adj., shabby; badly dressed (fjarre = farre, m., a tramp). fjarters might, however, be thought to be a contraction of an old *fatstǫtrar, pl., influenced by tarters; O.N. fatstǫturr^{[errata 2]}, m., a rag of an old garment (Fr.).

fjask [fjask], sb., scrapings; small heap scraped together. U^wg. No. fjask, n., thrash. See fjask, vb., and fjaskins, sb. pl.

fjask [fjask], vb., 1) to scrape together; to hoard; also fjarsk [fjārsk, fja‘rsk]; a fja(r)skin body, an avaricious person; de coo is fja(r)skin, the cow is eating greedily; U. 2) to go quickly, in a headlong manner, to geng fjaskin aboot; N.Roe [fjask]. fjask 1 is doubtless No. faska, vb., to bury; to grab; hoard, partly also fjaska, vb., to bungle (see fjask, sb., and fjaskins). fjask 2 appears to be a second or third word; cf. No. fjasa, vb., to puff; overhurry oneself, etc.

fjaskin [fjaskɩn], adj., desirous; greedy? only noted down in the negative expr.: de fish is no f., the fish will not bite. Uⁿ. Prob. from fjask, vb. 1.

fjaskins [fjaskins], sb. pl., scrapings; leavings; he was aber (greedy) to get de f. Uⁿ. No. fjask, n., thin, worthless stuff, thrash.

fjedemor [fjē^ə··dəmər·], sb., contemptuous expr. for poor butter. Fe^w. Doubtless a name used comparatively, and, in that case, may be explained as an orig. “*feiti- or *feitu-mǫrr”; O.N. feiti, f., fat substance (No. feita, Sw. dial. feta, f.); O.N. mǫrr, m., the inner fat of a slaughtered animal, tallow. Sw. dial. “feta” is used in sense of adipose membrane, lining the intestines of an animal, syn. with O.N. mǫrr (cf. Icel. mörr, Fær. mørur, m.).

fjedin [fjēdin, -ɩn], sb., a sea-term, tabu-name used by fishermen for a whale (comm.: hwal). U., Yⁿ. (Dalseter). Prob.: *feitingr, animal covered with blubber, deriv. of O.N. feitr, adj., fat; cf. No. “feidenakkje” as a jocular name, prop. sea-term, appl. to a seal (De Fine; Aasen in a concluding remark p. 975).

fjeg [fjē^əg], sb., collect. shreds; fibres; rags; tak’ (cut) awa [‘away’] yon [‘that’] f.! Fe. May stand for a *fig [*fi̇̄g] from an older *fyk, n., something drifting. Some instances of je, developed from i (O.N. i, í, y), are given under fjag¹, sb. A development *føyk- > *føg, *fjøg > fjeg is, however, also possible (No. føyk, m., and føykje, n., drifting particles, drift). — See further fjag¹, sb.

fjel [fjēl, fjē^əl], sb., a board; esp. plank in a boat. Conn., U. From Conn. is also reported a form fjæl [fjǣ^əl]. In the form fel [fel, fəl] the word is found as the second part in some compds., esp. dora- or dorifel, fiskafel; q.v. O.N. fjǫl (fjal-), f., a board.

*fjell, *fjel, sb., see fell, sb., and *fjalsgord-dyke.

fjerk, vb., fjerkin, adj., see fjork, fjorkin.

fjevlos (fjeflos), adj., see vevlet (vavlet), adj.

fjilsk, vb., fjilska, sb., fjilsket, adj., see filsk, filska, filsket.

fjim, sb., see fim, sb.

fjiml, fjimel [fjɩməl] and fjimbl, fjimbel [fjɩmbəl], vb., to bungle, struggle with something; foo [‘how’] lang is du gaun [‘going’] to f. aboot yon [‘that’] ting? Uⁿ. For the form cf. No. fimla, vb., to fumble, paw (R.); but the meaning comes nearer to No. fumla, vb., to fumble, bungle (R.).

fjodi [fjodi, fjȯdi], sb., a short skirt, esp. skirt with a bodice; de upper f.; also “f. [fjȯdi-]-skirt”. U. Perhaps from a *fota from an older *fat. Cf. No. fota, f. (R.), custom; state; order, from “fat”. O.N. fat, n., clothes; dress (fat 3; Fr.).

fjog¹ [fjōg, fjō^əg], sb., loose, untidy dress; to be in a f., to be untidily dressed; de claes is a’ [‘all’] in a f., the clothes hang loosely and untidily about him or her (Esh., Nm^w.). Poss. a later developed parallel form to fjag¹, sb. II? Note, however, the syn. flog² [fᶅōg], sb., the softened l of which might have changed to j, as in flab > fjab.

fjog² or fjug [fjȯg, fjog], sb., 1) light, loose substance; dust; fluff; U. [fjȯg]. 2) too finely ground corn; U. [fjog, fjȯg]. 3) thin covering of detached, misty clouds, loose f. [fjȯg], light, quickly drifting clouds (Y^b.); heavy drift of clouds in the sky, a f. [fjog] ower de sky (N.Roe); haze; der’r [‘there is’] a f. [fjȯg] upo de land (Ai.); cf. fog, sb. — A parallel form with k: fjok or fjuk [fjok], is used in Fe. in sense of: a) = fjog, fjug 1; b) snow falling in small, thin flakes, mostly in calm weather, = fjag¹ I 3 (U.); c) very thin, lean corn, a grain o’ f. — The root-meaning: something light, drifting. The word can be referred partly to O.N. fok, n., drift, drifting, partly and esp. to O.N. fjúk, n., drift, snow-drift, in No. (fjuk) also: flake, drifting fibres. f. 3 is most probably to be referred to “fok”; f. 1 and 2, as well as fjok, fjuk, to “fjúk”.

fjog, fjug [fjog], vb., said of a quern, mill: to grind, crush the corn too finely; de mill fjogs (fjugs) de corn, de corn is fjoget, fjuget [fjogət]. U. Deriv. of fjog², sb. 2.

fjogg¹ [fjȯg], sb., thin, lean, ill-grown corn, = fjag II 2 a. Fe. No. f(j)ogg, fjugg and fjagg, n., poor, scantily growing corn.

fjogg², fjugg [fjȯg, fjog], sb., 1) a lump; disorderly bundle; tangle; hit [‘it’]’s a’ [‘all’] in a f. [fjȯg], e.g. of a sheep, losing its wool; Nm.; De. 2) something frayed; ragged clothes, slovenly dress; to geng in a f. (slovenly; ragged), de claes is in a f. (in a slovenly, ragged state); N.Roe [fjog]. Cf. No. fjugga, f., a bundle; worn-out garment; rag (fugge, m., and fugga, f., a parcel; bundle); Fær. fjöggur, m., an old rag or patch.

fjogg [fjȯg (fjog)], vb., to f. anesell [‘oneself’]: a) to shrug one’s shoulders; what is du fjoggin dee for (aboot)? Fe.; b) to shake and rub oneself, e.g. of a horse rubbing itself against a fence, when losing its coat^{[errata 3]}; de horse is fjoggin him [‘himself’] (Y^h.). Also used with the prep. “upo(n)”: to f. upon anesell; de horse or chicken fjogged [fjȯgəd, fjogəd] upon him (shook itself); Fe. From Fe. is noted down: fjakk [fjak] (uncertain) = fjogg a, to move one’s shoulders. — Doubtless to be classed with No. fika, vb., to make quick, frequent movements backwards and forwards, fjaka, fjakka and fjokka, vb., to fidget (fjakla, vb., to move restlessly to and fro).

fjogget, fjugget [fjogət], adj., slovenly; untidily dressed; ragged. N.Roe. Deriv. of fjogg², fjugg, sb.

fjoglins, sb. pl., see fjuglins.

fjok, sb., see fjog², sb.

fjokner, sb., see flokner.

fjokset (fjukset) [fjoksət], adj., of hens: having downy feathers, covering the legs as far as the claws; a f. hen. Uⁿ. O.N. fǫxóttr, adj., = faxaðr, adj., maned (fax). Cf. No. fjaks, n., dishevelled mass of hair; fibres; tatters, from “faks”: a mane, fringes. See faks, sb.

fjolg, sb., see fjølg, sb.

fjolska, sb., and fjolsket, adj., see filska and filsket.

fjombel [fjȯmbəl], vb., to fumble, grope with one’s hands, to f. aboot for onyting [‘anything’ = something]. U. May just as well be No. fumla, fjomla, vb., to fumble, as Eng. fumble, vb. See fjiml, vb.

*fjomtan, *fjumtan [fjo‘mtan], numeral, fifteen. Also fjomtena (fjum-) [fjo‘m··təna·] and fumtan, fumtena [fo‘mtan, fo‘m··təna·]. Fo. O.N. fimmtán, num., fifteen.

fjongs [fjɔ‘ŋs, fjȯ‘ŋs], fjons [fjȯ‘ns], sb., 1) haze, a light covering of clouds; also in the form fongs [fȯ‘ŋs] without inserted j; a f. ower (upo) de sky; S.Sh., esp. Du. A form fjonsk [fjȯ‘nsk] (S.Sh.) in sense of haze is most prob. another word (see below in the art.). 2) faded, sallow appearance; der’r [‘there is’] a fjons [fjȯ‘ns] ower de corn, the corn is wizened. S.Sh. — Cf. a) Da. dial. (Jut.) fams, sb., haze; b) No. fjoms, fjomsen, adj., downy (from fjom, n., down, = fjon). Cf. also Shetl. words, such as fjonk, sb., and with ref. to the form, cf. fjonks, sb., and fjungs, sb. The form fongs mainly points to a *fams (*foms) or *fums (cf. fjungs) — for the change ms > ngs (nks) see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII) § 38 c; — but fjonsk appears to be a word. diff. from fongs, and equal to finsk, sb. (Sw. dial. fönske, m., a crust on the ground when the snow has melted in spring); fjons hovers between fjongs and fjonsk with ref. to the form. — A form fljongs (fᶅɔ‘ŋs], reported from F.I. in sense of whitish vapour, rising from the ground (usually after warm weather, esp. about “Lammas”, 1st August), may be developed from fjongs (meaning 1); der’r a vilde [‘vile’] “fljongs” comin’ op f(r)ae de eart’. For flj as a poss. development of fj, cf. *ljora [ᶅōra] from *jora, sb., an ear.

fjongset, adj., see fjungset.

fjonk [fjɔ‘ŋk] and fjunk¹ [fjo‘ŋk], sb., 1) something light and dust-like; mossy f., dry, light, mossy peats, quickly burning out; as dry as f., as light as f.; Conn. 2) haze, (light) vapoury clouds, = fog and fjongs, sb.; a (tick) f. [fjo‘ŋk] on de sky (Irel., Du.). 3) a f. [fjo‘ŋk] o’ hair, soft, thin, untidy hair (Fe.). — Cf. for meanings 1 and 3, No. fjon (fjaan), fjun, n. and f., a flake; down, etc. (fjon inter alia: thin, scant straw); fjaangr, n., something thin, scant; furthermore fjom, n., a) thin layer of dust; b) short, thin grass or beard. See fjongs, sb.

fjonks¹ [fjɔ‘ŋks], sb., confused, excited haste; to get in [‘into’] a f. Y^h., Yⁿ. For *fjongs (cf. fjungs and fjunks, flungs and flunks). May have arisen either from *fjams (*fjoms) or *fums; cf. a) No. fjamsa, vb., to run about in confusion; to slur over; fjomsa, f., a person easily confused, overhurrying himself; Da. forfjams(k)e, vb., to confuse, forfjamsket, adj.; b) Icel. fum, n., confused haste; Fær. fara fram ettir fummun, to go heedlessly on, follow one’s nose; No. fums, n., = fuml, n., fumbling; grabbing. — fjongs, fjonks is, however, prob. a *fjams, partly on acc. of the ɔ-sound, partly because fjungs and fjunks (q.v.) are found in Y. in sense of slovenly, ragged dress (Fær. funs from *fums). For a change ms > ngs, nks in Shetl. see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII) § 38 c.

fjonks² (fjꜵ̈‘ŋks, fjə‘ŋks], sb., used contemptuously of a worthless gift; dat’s [‘that is’] a f. Yⁿ. *fjams or *fjangs. Cf. No. fjamsa, vb., to confuse; slur over, etc., and fjangl, n., valueless work.

fjonks³ [fjȯ‘ŋks], sb., see fjunks, sb.

fjonsk, sb., see finsk, sb., and fjongs, fjons, sb.

fjora [fjora, fjɔra] and fjoren [fjɔrən], sb., prop. a) ebb; b) foreshore, beach (dry at ebb and covered at flood-tide), now only used by fishermen as a tabu-word (at sea) in sense of limpets, because these, used for bait, are found on the beach. Fo. O.N. fjara, f., ebb-tide; foreshore. Occas. the word “ebb” is used in sense of limpets; cf. the common expr.: to geng to de limpet-ebb, to go to the foreshore to gather limpets. See *fjorahwarf, sb., and fjoraskit, sb. — fjora is found as a place-name: a) as a name of a fishing-ground: de Fjora [fjȯra] (Uⁿ.), named after two low-lying tracts of shore, used as landmarks; b) as the first part of compd. in a couple of names, in sense of ebb: de Fjorastens [fjȯr··astens·] (Esh., Nm^w.), some rocks, visible at ebb [*fjǫru-steinar,] Fjorawick [fjȯr··awɩk·] (Lunnaness, L.): *fjǫru-vík — poss. to be found in several other names.

*fjorahwarf [fjȯr··ahwa‘rf·], sb., prop. absence of ebb, formerly comm. used of one of the three instances occurring in the winter months when ebb does not take place by day, on account of its shortness, but immediately before sunrise and after sunset. This phenomenon was called “de tree [‘three’] fjorahwarfs”. Esh., Nm^w. *fjǫruhvarf; O.N. fjara, f., ebb. O.N. hvarf, n., turning away; disappearance, etc.

fjoraskit [fjɔr··askit·, -skɩt·, fjȯr··a-], sb., 1) empty shell of a shell-fish, found on the foreshore (Ai., Nm^w.); dead shell-fish, putrid or putrifying piece of bait of a shell-fish, found on the beach, esp. in the sand, when digging for bait (Nm^w.). fjɔr··askit·: Ai.; fjȯr··askit·, -skɩt·: Nm^w. Also fjorasked or -ske [fjȯr··askēd·, -skē·] and fjoraskid [-skɩd], empty shell of a shell-fish; Nm^w. 2) = fjorahwarf; Nm^w. [fjȯr··askit·]. — *fjǫruskítr; see fjora, sb., and skit, sb. No. fjære-skiit [*fjǫru-skítr] denotes a species of small sea-bird.

fjord¹ [fjȯrd], sb., 1*) a firth; large bay, now only as a place-name; de Fjord: a) the bay between Levenwick, Shannerwick, Hoswick and Cumlewick Ness (Du.); b) the bay of Conningsburgh (bounded on the north by Helliness, on the south by the Isle of Mousa [mūse, mūsa]); c) the bay between Uyea [øja] and “de Li o’ Seter” (east of Sandvoe): Nm^{n, w}., N.Roe. As the second syllable in names of firths now commonly: -firt’ [fe‘rt, fə’rt], from Eng. firth. 2) extensive fishing-ground, a fjord o’ grund; Nm. (Nm^w., N.Roe); Y^m. Also as a name of some fishing-grounds, e.g. “de Fjord” in St. Magnus’ Bay (M^w.), = de Rud; “de Fjord o’ Wadderste” (De^w.). In Uⁿ. a parallel form *fjard [fjārd] is found as a name of a fishing-ground: de Fjard. Cf. ferald, sb., in sense of a fishing-ground. 3) a great stretch of arable land, a great fjord o’ land); to sow a great fjord; N.Roe. — O.N. fjǫrðr, m., (a tract of sea) firth; bay; in poetry also ocean. In Shetl. Norn in a wider use: a stretch of sea or land.

fjord² [fjȯrd], sb., a crowd; multitude, a f. o’ folk, o’ rocks (Y^h.); to follow de f., to follow the crowd (Conn.). Also fjörd [fjörd]: Y^h. O.N. fjǫldi, m., and fjǫld, f., multitude. For a change from 1 to r, and conversely, in Shetl. Norn see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII) § 38 h.

fjord³ [fjȯrd], sb., = ferd¹, sb. 2. Nm^s.

fjordin [fjȯrdɩn], sb., a short skirt for a woman, bodice and skirt all in one (= O.N. stakkr, No. stakk); now often of a garment in general, = plagg; cast yon [‘that’] f. aboot dee! = heave yon plagg ower dee! Conn. fjordin seems to be the same word as fjodi (fj.-skirt), q.v., developed from O.N. fat, n., clothes; dress. The explanation of the inserted r before d is uncertain.

fjorek [fjȯrək] and fjörek [fjörək], sb., a pet name for a little child, esp. used in address: darling, etc.; oh du piri (little) f.! Uⁿ. (Norwick). Either with the root-meaning: life, (my) little life, and rising from O.N. fjǫr, n., life, or deriv. of fjorr, vb., to show fondness (No. firra, fjarra, to move nimbly); see further under fjorr and fjork, vb. A mingling has poss. taken place here.

fjork [fjȯ‘rk] and fjörk [fjö‘rk], vb., 1) to move nimbly in a wheedling, coquettish manner; to geng fjorkin (fjörkin) aboot a lass; N.I. 2) to pretend to be very busy; to geng fjörkin aboot; U. fjerk [fjə‘rk] is reported from Fe. in sense of: a) to bustle; b) to sneak about, making observations; to geng fjerkin aboot. — *fjarka? Cf. fjorr, vb., No. firra, and fjarra, vb., to move nimbly, fjarla, vb., to pet; wheedle.

fjorkin [fjȯ‘rkɩn] and fjörkin [fjö‘rkɩn] adj., nimble; active; he was very f. U. Also fjerkin [fjə‘rkɩn] (U^wg.) and fjörtin [fjö‘rtin] Uⁿ. occas.). Deriv. of fjork (fjörk), vb. In expr., such as: “de fish is no [‘not’] fjorkin, fjörkin” (Uⁿ.), the fish will not bite, and in several other instances the word merges into another fjorkin, prop. fjorkon [O.N. forkunni]; see forkon, adj.

fjorr [fjȯr(r)], vb., to fuss about showing kindness, esp. of cats; circling round one (rubbing its head against one’s leg), purring contentedly; de cat was fjorrin op aboot me. Fe. Cf. No. firra and fjarra, vb., to move nimbly, and fjarla, vb., inter alia to pet; wheedle.

fjos [fjȯs], sb., light, poor (withered) stuff, esp. a) withered hay or moss; b) thin, soft, poor hair (collect.). Fe. Icel. fys (fis?), n., down (E.J.), fis, n., husk, eye of an apple, withered calyx, etc. (B.H.); Da. dial. fis (eye of an apple, withered calyx, etc.).

fjosk [fjȯsk], sb., prop. something loose, light, unsubstantial, esp. in the foll. senses: 1) dry, light peats mouldering away, esp. peats damaged by frost (or rain). Also fjost [fjȯst] (N.Roe). 2) trash; worthless stuff, e.g. of poor corn; work badly done. 3) haze; light, misty clouds, a fjosk ower de sky; Ai.; Nm.; Fe. 4) something carelessly flung aside or rolled together; esp. in the expr. “in a f.”, in disorder; slovenly, etc.; Nm.; cf. fjogg², sb. — No. f(j)usk, n., Da. fusk, a) something loose and light (empty, unsubstantial); b) work badly done; No. fuskegras, n., withered grass.

fjosk [fjȯsk], vb., to hurry with a piece of work in a careless manner, to f. at onyting [‘something’]. N.Roe. No. fuska, Da. fuske, vb., to bungle.

fjosket [fjȯskət], adj., slovenly; untidy; a f. craeter’ [‘creature’]; U. (U^wg.). Deriv. of fjosk, sb. Cf. No. fjuskutt, adj., empty; unsubstantial; shabby; ragged, etc., from fjusk, n.

fjost, sb., see fjosk, sb. 1.

fjosti [fjȯsti], adj., of peats: damaged by frost (or rain); f. peats. N.Roe. For *fjoski. Deriv. of fjosk (f. 1), sb.

fjug, sb. and vb., see fjog², sb., and fjog, vb.

fjugg, sb., see fjogg², sb.

fjugget, adj., see fjogget, adj.

fjuglins [fjoglɩns] and fjoglins [fjɔglins], sb. pl., refuse, offals of fish (esp. of halibut), cut into pieces for bait, turbot [‘halibut’]-f. Y^{h. n}. and Deⁿ.: fjuglins. U^wg.: fjoglins. Doubtless to be classed with No. fjugl, n., poor, unserviceable material (R.).

fjuk, sb., see fjog², sb.

fjukset, adj., see fjokset, adj.

*fjumtan, num., see *fjomtan.

fjungs [fjo‘ŋs], sb., 1) slovenliness; disorder; carelessness; tangle; de hair is in a f., the hair is dishevelled (Fe.); slovenly, ragged dress or state of dress, = fjunks, sb. N.I.; Wests. (Sa.). 2) untidy, slovenly and careless person, = fjungsi; U.; Wests. (Sa.). *fums. Fær. funs, n., slovenly, careless, bungling person. See fjunks and fjonks, sbs.

fjungs [fjo‘ŋs], vb., to slight over; to walk in a careless manner, to geng fjungsin aboot. Wests. (Sa.). *fumsa. Fær. funsa, vb., to carry out work slovenly and carelessly.

fjungset [fjo‘ŋsət] and fjungsi [fjo‘ŋsi], adj., slovenly; untidy; careless; a f. creature; U.; Wests. (Sa.). Also with baggy, flapping garments, fjungset (U^wg.). Of hair: untidy; dishevelled; de hair is a’ [‘all’] f. (Fe.). fjongset [fjȯ‘ŋsət] is reported from Y^h. in sense of slovenly; a “fjongset” røll, a foal with tangled hair (when shedding its coat). *fumsóttr. Fær. funsutur, adj., slovenly; careless; bungling.

fjungsi [fjo‘ŋsi] and fjunksi [fjo‘ŋksi], sb., shabbily or poorly dressed person; Uⁿ. fjungsi is reported from U^wg. in sense of an untidy, slovenly person, or one with wide, flapping garments. Deriv. of fjungs, sb.

fjunk¹, sb., see fjonk, sb.

fjunk², sb., see funk, sb.

fjunks [fjo‘ŋks], sb., slovenly, ragged dress or condition, to geng in a f. Y. From Y^h. is reported fjonks [fjȯ‘ŋks]; de claes [‘clothes’] is [‘are’] in a fjonks, the clothes fit badly (esp. of shabby or ragged clothes). Really same word as fjungs, sb.; q.v.

fjæl, sb., see fjel, sb.

fjølg [fjølg], sb., loose, ragged dress, a f. o’ pels (pel = rag); to geng in a f. Also fjolg [fjȯlg]. Nm^s. (Bard.). Prob. for *fjøgl (*fjogl) by metathesis of gl to lg, and the same word as No. fjøgl, n., glitter; finery; tomfoolery; cf. Fær. fjöggur, m., an old rag or patch.

fjörd, sb., see fjord², sb.

fjörek, sb., see fjorek, sb.

fjörk, vb., fjörkin, adj., see fjork, vb., fjorkin, adj.

fla¹ [flā], sb., thin, pared-off heather- or grass-turf, — Fær. flag, n. O.N. (moldar) flaga, f., thin covering or layer of earth or mould. L.Sc. “flaw”, sb., acc. to Jam., is the same word as Shetl. “peat-bank”; see bank, sb. The dropped g in the Shetl. word may be due to the infl. of L.Sc. (and Ork.) “flaw”. Acc. to Jam., “flag” is found in L.Sc. with preserved final g in sense of a piece of greensward.

fla² [flā], sb., 1) a wide, level stretch of grass-land. 2) broad ridge of land. flaw: Edm. Acc. to Jam., the word is Ork. (flaw) in the same senses. Cf. No. flag, n., a tract of sea (Sw. dial. flag, flaga), wide bank or level shoal (Aa.), wide expanse of land (R.), in the latter sense = flak, n. Shetl. fla, borrowed from Ork.? Cf. fla¹, sb.

fla [flā], vb., in peat-cutting: to pare off the surface-soil before getting down to the actual peat, to f. de mør [‘moor’], to f. de “bank”. Deriv. of fla¹, sb.

flab [flab], sb., 1) sonɩething loose and flapping; a torn, loosely-hanging garment. 2) unsteady wind with breaks in between, now esp. break or short lull in windy weather, a f. i’ de wadder; in this sense also fjab [fjab], prob. arisen from flab through a form with a softened (palatalized) l: *fᶅab. Du. Icel. flapr, m., unsteady wind; flapaligr, adj., careless. Cf. also Eng. “flap”, which, however, in Shetl. (Du.) is distinguished from flab (f. 1).

flab [flab], vb., to hang flapping loosely, e.g. of a torn garment. Du. *flapa. See flab, sb.

flad, sb., see flag¹, sb.

flada [flāda], sb., ray (fish); a sea-term, tabu-name, used by fishermen. Fo. Really “the flat” or “flatfish”; *(hin) flata; doubtless the def. fem. form of O.N. flatr, adj., flat.

fladrek [flād(ə)rək] and more comm. flodrek [flōd(ə)rək, flȯd··ərək·], sb., limpet; tabu-name, a word belonging to fishermen’s tabu-terms. These limpets are commonly used as bait for fish. The form fladrek is nowadays the rarer form (Fe. occas.), flodrek the more frequent. The latter form is noted down in some places in the N.I. [flōd(ə)rək, flȯd··ərək]; Wh. [flȯd··ərək·] and in Du. [flȯd··ərək·]. flodek [flȯdək] (Du. occas.) = flodrek. to fell (*vell) de flodreks, to loosen limpets from their shells by scalding them (tabu-phrase); see fell², vb. — *flaðra. No. fladra, f., small splinter. For the change of meaning, cf. the relation between Fær. fliða [fli̇̄a], f., limpet, and No. flida, f., a thin flake; splinter. See flar, sb., and *flingaso, sb.; of the latter word the first part, “fliða” in Shetl. is handed down in sense of limpet. In same sense flither (flidder) is found in N.Eng. dial. (Yorkshire) and in the Isle of Man.

flag¹ [flag (fᶅag), flāg], sb., 1) shoal of fish, shoal of small fry, a f. o’ silleks (small coalfish); Fe. [flag, fᶅag, flāg]; U. [flâg]. 2) a flock of birds, esp. in flight, a f. [flâg] o’ birds; U. — In Papa a form flad [flād] is found in sense of abundance or a good haul of fish; we got a f. o’ haddocks. — No. flak, n., and flake, m., inter alia: a shoal of fish swimming on the surface of the water (flak 5, flake 3. Aa.). Cf. “steed”, sb.

flag² [flāg, fᶅāg], sb., 1) untidy, loose, flapping dress or state of dress; to be in a f. [flāg], to be loosely, untidily dressed; de oo’ [‘wool’] is in a f. [flāg], the wool (the sheep’s wool) is hanging loose, flapping; N.I.; Ai. 2) much outward show of kindness; ingratiating manners; simulated zeal in service; de(r) wer [‘there was’] a awfu’ f. on him; he had a awfu’ f. wi’ him. Nm^g. [fᶅāg]. Doubtless, prop. opening wide one’s arms. For flag 1, cf. No. flak, n., a flap, patch hanging down, and flaka, vb,, to wear one’s clothes unfastened, slovenly; Icel. flaka, vb., to hang loosely, torn and open. For flag 2, cf. O.N. flaka, vb. n., in sense of: to lie down at full length (Eg.), also to gape, form an opening, and Sw. dial. flaka, vb., to stretch out, e.g. flaka ut armar, to stretch out one’s arms.

flag³ [flag (flāg)], sb., 1) an untidy, slovenly woman, a dirty f. [flag]. comm. 2) a big, corpulent woman: Du. [flag], a big, clumsy woman: U. [flâg]. — Prob. from O.N. flagð, n., a giantess (Icel. flagð, No. and Fær. flagd, n., a giantess); cf. the use of troll, sb., and trollet, adj. flag in meaning 1 might, however, also be classed with flag², sb. (flag² 1).

flag¹ [flag, flāg], vb., of fish, esp. small fry: to gather in a mass, to form a shoal; mostly in perf. part.: flaget [-ət]; de fish (sillek) is flaget at de very sten, a shoal of fish (small coalfish) is close in-shore (prop. near the stone, rock). Fe. Deriv. of flag¹, sb. Cf. “steed”, vb.

flag² [flāg (fᶅāg)], vb., to hang loose, flapping, to f. [flāg, fᶅāag] i’ de wind; shø [‘she’] guid [‘went’] wi’ her claes flagin [flāgɩn] aboot her; de oo’ [‘wool’] o’ de sheep is flagin [flāgɩn], de oo’ is flagin aboot de yowe’s [‘ewe’s’] feet. N.I. [flāg, fᶅāg]. Wests. [flāg]. For the deriv. of the word, see above flag², sb.

flaki¹ [flaki], sb., a plaited straw-mat, esp.: a) a mat placed on a horse’s back under the pack-saddle, and b) a mat used in winnowing corn. comm. Also Ork. O.N. flaki, m., a raft (boards nailed together); No. flake, m., Da. flage, sb.; in Sw. dialects flake, m., denotes inter alia, wickerwork, and likewise Da. dial. flage, flag.

flaki² [flaki, flāki], sb., esp. in pl. and compd. with “liver”: liver-flakis, a couple of young coalfish (Shetl. pilteks), slightly dried, split and laid together, with liver between, and roasted. Nm. (N.Roe). Also two flat, cup-shaped barley- or oat-cakes (brønis) laid together, with liver between, and roasted, liver-flakis [flåkis]: Nm^w. In this sense more comm.: liver-brønis. Really a slice, something flat. Cf. No. flak, n., a slice; flat piece; the one half of a cleft beam, etc., flake, m., a reft; a plane. “(liver-)flatsi”, q.v., is found in same sense as “(liver-)flaki”.

flakr, flaker [flakər], sb., a playing fond pranks; tomfoolery, he was ut ha’in’ [‘having’] him a f. wi’ de lasses. Y. No. flakr, n., tomfoolery.

flakr, flaker [flakər], vb., to play fond pranks; to fool, to f. wi’ de lasses. Y. No. flakra, vb., to wave; flutter; caress; trifle. In sense of to flutter, flap the wings loudly (of birds, esp. hens) is now used a L.Sc. form “flaughter” [flāχtər], vb.

flam, sb. and vb., see flan, sb.

flams (floms?) [flꜵ̈‘ms], sb., anxious, excited state of mind; in a f., agitated; excited. Conn. No. flams, n., bustle; flutter, and flamsen, adj., confused; flumsa, vb., to fly quickly; tumble about. Sw. dial. flams, n., clumsy, noisy behaviour; excessive wantonness, etc. (Ri. under flana, vb.).

flan [flan (flän)], sb., a gust of wind. comm. Also L.Sc. (N.Sc.). Of Northern orig.; see below flan, vb. — A parallel form flam [flam (flām, fläm)] is found in the N.I.; L.Sc. flam, sb.; cf. flemster and flemter, sb.

flan [flan (flän)], vb., to come rushing, esp. of a gust of wind; he (de wind) fland or cam’ flanin doon [‘down’] de lum (the smoke-hole in the roof). comm. Also flam (fläm): N.I. Icel. and No. flana, vb., to rush on blindly; tumble, gad about; Da. flane: to flirt. For the development of the meaning in Shetl. cf. e.g. brust(er), sb., squall of wind, from *brusa; bus, sb., stormy weather, from *busa; rus, sb., = bus, from *rusa; further poss. flos², sb. (from *flasa, to rush on; flirt?).

flaps [flaps], sb., a gentle blow; flap; to get a f.; flap of the wings (see flaps, vb.). N.Roe. From the root *flap; see flab, sb.

flaps [flaps], vb., to give a gentle blow; to flap; of birds: to flap the wings. N.Roe. *flapsa from *flap-; see flab, sb.

flar [flār], sb., a thin layer of something, a f. o’ snaw [‘snow’], o’ muck, = fler. Wh. *flaðr (or *flaðra). Sw. (N.Sw.) dialects flader, flar (flår), m., bark, a flake of bark; No. fla(d)r, m., a flake, a kind of thin, flat fish (R.), also a thin coating (R. Suppl.). No. fladra (flara), f., a small splinter. In a diff. sense fladrek, sb.; q.v.

flati [flati], sb., a level piece of land, = flatti, flot, platti. O.N. flati, m., flata, f., a plane surface.

flatj (flats?) [flatᶊ], vb., 1) to flatten; press down. 2) to walk heavily and clumsily, to geng flatjin (flatsin) aboot (U.). 3) to strike to the ground. — O.N. fletja, vb., to level; stretch out, L.Sc. flatch, vb., to fold down. “flatᶊ” might be formed regularly from O.N. fletja: cf. for the pronunc. of tj, e.g. britj [brɩtᶊ] and brotj [brȯtᶊ], vb., from O.N. brytja; fitj [fɩtᶊ], sb., = fid from O.N. fit(j); fitj [fɩtᶊ], vb., from O.N. fitja; flitj [flɩtᶊ], vb., from O.N. flytja; vitj [vɩtᶊ], vb., from O.N. vitja. See flatsi¹ or flatji, sb.

flatsi¹ or flatji [flatᶊɩ (flatsi?)], sb., 1) something large (extended) and flat (Yⁿ.). 2) a flat cake, = lefsi. 3) esp. in pl. and compounded with “liver’’: liver-flatsis (flatjis), a couple of young coalfish (Shetl. pilteks) slightly dried, split and laid together with liver between, and grilled (M^e., esp. L., Wh., Skerries), = (liver-) flakis; see flaki², sb. Appears to be formed of flatj (flats), vb., see above. flatsi 3 might be a transformation of an older word, beginning with “flat-” (cf. O.N. flatningr, m., a flat fish) or an abbr. of an orig. *flat-seiðr, “flat coalfish”.

flatsi² [(flatsi) flatᶊɩ], sb., a shakedown, esp. a bed of straw on a threshing-floor, = “flat-bed”. Abbr. of O.N. flatsæng, f., a bed made on the floor.

flatti [flaƫi, fläƫɩ], sb., a level patch of ground, = flati, platti. Fe. See flati, sb. For the doubling of t cf. Fær. “fløttur” from O.N. flǫtr, m., a level stretch, a strip of arable land or grass-land.

flek or flekk [flɛk, flæk], sb., 1) a small stretch of land of a certain quality, diff. from the surrounding land (swampy, sandy, rocky, etc.), now mostly in place-names. 2) a part of the sea-bottom of a certain kind; sandy, muddy or covered with seaweed (U.). In Unst often used in names of fishing-grounds, mostly with def. art., hovering^{[errata 4]} between a common noun and a place-name: de mukkel f. (Flekk), de Firselsflekk, de Muflekk (Mua-) (U^e.). See Sh.Stedn. pp. 94 and 205. O.N. flek, n., a piece of ground, a field; No. flekk, n., a small stretch of field (R.).

Flekka [flɛka, flæka], sb., a cow with large spots, as name for such a cow. N.I.; Fo. *Flekka. From O.N. flekkr, m., a fleck, spot.

flekket [flɛkət, flækət], adj., spotted, having large spots, esp. of cows: a f. coo; occas. also of horses: a f. horse; of soil of varied appearance, partly snow-covered ground: f. grund; hit’s ill to track de brød o’ dratsi ower f. grund, it is difficult to follow the otter’s trail over patchy, snow-covered soil (U^wg.). Appl. to the sea-bottom: covered with bunches of seaweed, growing in patches on it (Edm.). — O.N. flekkóttr, adj., flecked; spotted.

flem, flim [flem], sb., a layer; covering, esp. of fat; fat, floating on the surface of a liquid; fat, skimmed from water in which meat is boiling. Cf. No. fleima (Aa.) and flima (R.), f., thin cloud; slight covering of clouds. — flem [flɛm] and fløm [fløm], phlegm coughed up, differ from flem, flim here treated.

flemper [flæ‘mpər], sb., passion; restless, excited state of mind; to get in [‘into’] a f., to fly into a temper. Conn. Prob. *flempra or *flimpra for an older *flem(p)tra or *flim(p)tra. See the cognate flams, flemster, flemter, flinter. pr from an older ptr is found, e.g. in aper, vb. [O.N. aptra].

flemster [flæ‘mstər] and flemter [flæ‘mtər], sb., a rushing along in a confused hurry; to be in a f., to rush along or about in confusion. flempter: Edm. Occas. in an extended form: flemsteresjon [flæ‘m·stərē·ᶊən] (N.), formed on analogy of Eng. words ending in -ation. Cf. No. flams, n., fidget; flutter, flemsen, adj., confused, flema and flima, vb., to fidget; to rush restlessly about, and Shetl. flinter, sb. and vb.

flemter, sb., see flemster and flinter.

flens, vb., see flins, vb.

fleper [flɛpər (flæpər)], sb., trifling, flattering talk. O.N. fleipr, m., chat; tattle.

fleper [flɛpər (flæpər)], vb., to speak in aflattering, fond way. O.N. fleipra, vb., = fleipa, to chat; tattle; No. fleipra (fleipa), vb., to flirt; caress; coax; flatter; Sw. flepa, vb.

fler [flē^ər], sb., = flar, a thin layer. Wh. fler may either have arisen from flar: *flaðr, or be an older parallel form: *fleðr-; cf. No. fledra, f., a thin flake; splinter.

fles¹ [flɛs (flæs), flēs (flē^əs)], sb., 1) a flat skerry in the sea; also with final def. art.: flesin [flɛsɩn] and flesjin [flɛᶊɩn, flæᶊɩn]. Now mostly as a place-name, name of a skerry, e.g. de Fles [flēs] (Skeldanes, St.), de Fles [flɛ̄^əs] (Shaw, Uⁿ.), de Flesjins [flɛᶊens] (Øjasund, U^s.), de Flesjins [flæᶊəns] o’ Ørister (Fe.). An extended form flestrik [flɛstrɩk, flestrɩk] is found in Unst (Uⁿ.), where it has partly superseded fles as a common noun; note the foll. explanation: “de Fles [flɛs] at Skaw is a big wide flestrik” (Uⁿ.). As a place-name: de Flestreks [flestrəks] (Balta Isle, U^e.). 2) a flat rock on the sea-shore; flat, rocky point of land, esp. as a place-name; U. [flɛs, flæs]; Ai. and Sa. [flēs (flē^əs)]. — O.N. fles, f., a flat skerry in the sea. — With the form flestrik cf. No. flistra, f., a chip; splinter, from “flis”.

fles², sb., see flos², sb.

flestrik, sb., see fles¹, sb.

flet¹ [flæt], sb., a large, flat rock or stretch of rocks sloping towards the shore. Sa. Cf. O.N. flata, flǫt, f., and flati, m., a plane.

*flet² [flət], sb., a patch of cultivated land, strip of arable land or grass-land; now doubtless only in place-names, in which it freq. appears as the second part of compds. in names of cultivated patches of home-field. Uncompd. as a place-name in the forms flot [flȯt], flet [flæt, flət (fləƫ)] and flat, flatt, fläit [(flat) fläƫ, fläit]. See further Sh. Stedn. pp. 93-94. O.N. flǫtr, m., a plane; No. flot, m., a small, flat field; Fær. fløttur, m., a patch of cultivated land, a strip of arable land or grass-land. — Shetl. Flada [flada], floda [flɔda, flȯda], Flota [flɔta], Flod- [flɔd-, flȯd-], in place-names, spring from O.N. flata, flǫt, f., a plane; see Sh. Stedn., pp. 93-94.

fli [fli̇̄], sb., very small quantity or thin layer; a particle; grain; a mere f.; a f. o’ butter. Y.; Fe. *flý; No. fly, f. and n., a) a shaving; chip; b) a film; fluff; grain. — See fluid, fluin, sb., which are other forms of the same word with dropped i-mutation and with final def. art.

flider¹ [flɩdər], sb., a slight, passing shower. Du. Not wholly confirmed word. Poss. an orig. *fliðra in sense of a small, detached cloud; cf. No. fledra, flidra, f., a thin, loosened splinter; chip, and cf. Shetl. flis, sb. (flis 4).

flider², flidder [flɩdər], sb., 1) unseemly, foolish laughter (with grimaces), grin; Y^h. 2) soft, sweet speech; Esh., Nm^w. See flider, vb.

flider, flidder [flɩdər], vb., 1) to laugh in an unseemly way, foolishly, making grimaces; to grin (foolishly), = flir, vb.; q.v. Y^h. 2) to talk sweetly (L.Sc. flether). Esh., Nm^w. *fliðra. Cf. No. fledra, vb., to behave flippantly; to grin frivolously.

flikr, fliker [flɩkər], vb., to be in restless, fidgety motion, a) = No. flikra and Eng. flicker, vb., b) in a fig. sense: to fondle; coax; flirt; fool, = flakr, flaker, vb.; No. flikra (R.) and L.Sc. flicker, vb., in same sense; cf. Eng. flicker, vb.

flim, sb., see flem, sb.

flimer, flimmer [fləmər], sb., a snɩall quantity; a grain; particle, a f. o’ meal, o’ tea; I do no [‘not’] see de leastest [‘least’] f. Y^h. *flim-. Doubtless to be classed with flem, flim, sb., and No. flima, f.

flinder [flɩndər] and with the dim. ending flinderkin, flindrekin [flɩn··drəkɩn·], sb., 1) a splinter; shaving. 2) a thin slice; a flinder o’ a bannock, a very thin wheaten-cake (Y.). 3) thin spreading, e.g. of butter on bread, a flinder o’ butter (Y.). 4) something thin, weak, e.g. thin material. 5) a miserable, weak person. — No. flindra, f., a thin flake or splinter, chip of stone. Cf. Eng. flinders, sb. pl. — Flindra [flɩndra] is found in Shetl. (Øja, Nm^w.) as a place-name, name of a flat rock (used when angling) on the sea-shore.

fling¹ [flɩŋ], sb., a trifle; small quantity; yon (dat)’s a f. Y., Fe. Cf. No. flinga (and flingra), f., a thin crust; splinter; slice.

fling², sb., see flink, sb.

fling, vb., see flink, vb.

*flingaso, *flingasø [flɩŋ··asə·, -sə·, -sø̄·], sb., water in which limpets have been scalded from their shells. Uⁿ. (Skaw). These limpets are used as bait for fishing, flingaso for *flignaso from an older *fliðna-soð. Fær. fliða, f., limpet, see further under fladrek, sb.; O.N. soð, n., broth, water in which something (esp. meat, fish) has been boiled. For Shetl. g from an original ð, see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII) § 29, the end.

flings [flɩ‘ŋs], and more comm. flinks [flɩ‘ŋks], sb., a rushing, bounding along, throwing out one’s legs; he had a f. upon him, he went jumping, running, kicking up his legs. Sa. See flings, vb.

flings [flɩ‘ŋs] and more comm. flinks [flɩ‘ŋks], vb., to rush along with swinging movements, throwing out one’s legs (in quick walking), to geng flingsin, flinksin. Sa. No. flingsa, vb., to swing one’s body, also to gad about. Cf. flink, vb.

flingset [flɩ‘ŋsət] and flinkset [flɩ‘ŋksət], adj., giddy; wild; a f. body [‘person’]. Fo. [flɩ‘ŋksət]. No. flingsutt, adj., giddy.

flink [flɩ‘ŋk], sb., a) quick, sweeping movement or gait; der’r a f. upo yon ane (yon lass), look, how she sweeps along (in all her finery)! b) speed, haste; der’r a f. upo dee, what a hurry you are in! (Uⁿ.). — fling [flɩŋ)], sb., = flink, of sweeping movements (gait); shø’s gaun [‘she’s going’] wi’ a fling upon her (Ai.). — See flink, vb.

flink [flɩ‘ŋk], adj., nimble; agile; active. Edm. Cf. Da. flink, quick; brisk; active.

flink [flɩ‘ŋk], vb., 1) to swing giddily along, to geng flinkin aboot, flinkin wi’ a sweetheart; more rarely fling [flɩŋ] (Ai., etc.). 2) to walk quickly, as being in a hurry, to geng flinkin. *flinka from *flina. No. flina, vb., to flutter about with swinging movements, etc., No. and Sw. dial. flinka, vb., to urge on; bound along; make haste. No. flingsa, vb., is found in sense of to gad; flirt; see above flings, flinks, vb.

flinket [flɩ‘ŋkət], adj., giddy, = flingset (flinkset), adj. See flink, vb.

flinks, sb. and vb., flinkset, adj., see flings, flingset.

flins [flɩ‘nᶊ, fle‘nᶊ], vb., to flense, e.g. the blubber of a whale. No. flinsa, vb., to slash; flense.

flinsj (flensj) [flɩ‘nᶊ, fle‘nᶊ], vb., to lie basking in the sunshine; also “to f. anesell [‘oneself’]”; to lie flinsjin (or flinsjin anesell) afore de sun; he is lyin flinsjin him. Ai. Poss. a corruption of O.N. fletjask, vb., to stretch oneself (in the sun, by the fire).

flinter [flɩ‘ntər], sb., bustling to and fro in a (confused) hurry; in a f. Uⁿ. Prob.: *flimt; cf. below flinter, vb., and see flemster, flemter, sb.

flinter [flɩ‘ntər], vb., 1) to bustle to and fro in a (confused) hurry. Uⁿ. 2) of the wind: to puff; blow softly, now from one quarter, now from another; de wind is flinterin. Fe. Prob.: *flimtra. Deriv. of No. flima, vb., to move restlessly to and fro.

flir [fli̇̄r], sb., giggle; grin; frivolous or foolish laughter, a f. o’ laughter (Uⁿ). See below flir, vb.

flir [fli̇̄r], vb., to giggle and laugh in a frivolous or foolish manner. N.I. No. flira, vb., to giggle; chuckle (untimely); Icel. flíra, vb., to smile (orally reported); cf. L.Sc. fleyr, vb., to make grimaces, and Eng. fleer, vb. Shetl. flir might, however, have arisen from a *fliðra by dropping of ð and be a parallel form to flider, flidder, vb., in the same sense; cf. No. fledra, vb., to behave flippantly; to grin; giggle, etc., and cf. below, fliret, adj.

fliret [fli̇̄rət, flɩrət], adj., gadding, variable, loose and flighty, a f. body, a variable, flighty person; also of dress: a f. dress, a dress too loose and flimsy. Cf. No. fledra, vb., to gad about; behave flippantly, and Shetl. flir, vb.

flis [flɩs, fles, fləs (flʌs)], sb., 1) a chip; splinter; flake; thin slice. 2) a split; crack, a f. in a piece o’ wood (Fo.: flɩs, fləs). 3) a very small quantity, particle, a f. o’ corn, o’ tea. 4) a light, passing shower, a f. o’ a shooer [‘shower’]. — flís or *flys-. O.N. flís, f., a chip; splinter; No. flysja, f., a) a thin slice; b) a flake; peeling, and flys (fløs), n., a flake; mote; particle, = flus, flusa. — flis in meaning 4 might be explained like flider¹, sb. The explanation may, however, be somewhat uncertain in consequence of flos [orig. *flas?] = flis 4; see flos², sb.

flis [fləs], vb., to peel off, to f. aff; to unravel, to f. op. N.I. O.N. flysja, vb., to peel off; to cut into slices.

flissi, fliss-y [flɩsi], adj., flaky, flat and sharp, e.g. of pebbles; sma’ [‘small’] f. bits o’ stens (Uⁿ.) = *spirvigru. From flis, sb.

flit [flit], sb., a slice cut from the belly of a fish (esp. mackerel) and used as bait. Du. Poss. allied to No. fletta, f., a scratch; rent; a piece torn off (O.N. fletta, vb., to strip). For the vowel-sound in Shetl. may be compared brist from “bresta”, brit from “bræða”.

flit, vb., see flitj, vb.

flit [flɩt]-boat, sb., a goods-carrying boat. See flitman, sb.

flitj [flɩtᶊ], vb., 1) vb. a., to move aside; f. dat støl! move that chair! Du. 2) vb. n., to move oneself; f. a bit! move aside a little! Du. O.N. flytja, vb., to move; transport. For the change tj > tᶊ cf. e.g. britj > brɩtᶊ, vb., from “brytja”, vitj > vɩtᶊ, vb., from “vitja”. — The form flit [flɩt] has a wider meaning and use: to remove; convey, — L.Sc. flit; also to remove from one dwelling to another (cf. Eng. flit); note esp. the expr. “to f. (hame) de peats”, to carry home the peats (N.I.). In Fo. is noted down an obs. form of pronunc., “flit”, in sense of to move from one place to another, e.g. of sheep in the pasture, = Fær. flyta (flytja) and orig. from O.N. flytja; see *ura, sb.

flitman [flɩtman], sb., a porter, now mostly of one of a boat’s crew, taking goods ashore from a ship. Doubtless orig. a carrier. No. flytman, Fær. fluttmaður (flutningsmaður), m., a carrier, ferryman (Icel. flutningsmaður).

flitr, flitter [flɩtər], vb., to keep itself afloat with difficulty, to float with deep draught, e.g. of a heavily laden boat, the water almost reaching the gunwale; de boat flitters i’ de water (N.Sh.). No. flotra, vb., to be barely afloat, etc. (in this case, a dim. deriv. of fljóta, to float). i in flitter has doubtless arisen through infl. of Eng. and L.Sc. fleet, vb. — flitter, however, in sense of to be in vibrating motion, of air on a warm summer’s day, is most prob. a L.Sc. form of Eng. flutter, vb.

flitret, flitteret [flɩt··ərət·], adj., floating with deep draught, of a boat heavily laden; de boat was very f. (U.). Deriv. of flitr, flitter, vb.

fljog, vb., see flog³, vb.

flo [flō], sb., 1*) the sea, in fishermen’s tabu-lang. U.? 2) a swampy place, morass. Edm.: floe. — Ork. “flow (floe)” occas. denotes: a) (orig). a wide mouth of a firth or widening of a bay, a sea-basin, as a place-name in “Scapa Flow”, a wide mouth of a bay, a sea-basin^{[errata 5]} outside Scapa Bay (the southern Mainland), occas.: b) a bog; morass. — “flow (occas. floe)”, sb., is found in Eng. dial. and in L.Sc. in the sense of bog; morass, but sense 1 of Shetl. “flo”, and sense a of Ork. “flow (floe)”, indicate that the word is originally Shetl. and Ork. Norn, and in these dialects arises from O.N. flói, m., a large firth; mouth of a firth; a wide bay; sea-basin, also an expanse of water; Icel. (flói), No. (floe) and Sw. dial. (flo, floe) are often used of swamp; bog. — “*flū” ought to have been the development of O.N. fló- in Shetl., but the Shetl. form of pronunc. (flō) has doubtless been influenced by Ork. and L.Sc. flow, floe.

flodrek¹, flodek, sb., see fladrek.

flodrek² [flȯdrək, flȯd··ərək·], sb., a flat, slippery little rock on the sea-shore; U^mo. “de Floder [flȯdər]” (Feⁿ.) is noted down as the name of a flat skerry, and “Flødristonga [flød··ərɩstɔŋ·ga]” (Fe^e.) as the name of a flat, rocky headland. A form fluder [fludər] is still partly a common noun in Fe. in the sense of a flat rock, a flat skerry; see further fluder, sb. — Prob. the same word as O.N. flyðra, f., applied to something flat, in colloq. use, esp. flounder, but orig. in a wider sense. Note Fær. “flyðra” in the place-name “Flyðrunev [fli̇̄··rȯnē^əv·]”, a flat headland in the Isle Viderø. Further perhaps No. flyr, f., a sheet of something. — “flød(ə)r-, flȯd(ə)r and fludər” can be explained from *flyðr- (“fludər” by dropped i-mutation); “flȯd(ə)r” might also be explained from *flaðr-; see fladrek and flar, sbs.

flog¹ [fᶅōg], sb., a piece of wood nailed on the outside of a boat, esp. one apt to heel over (cf. bilskod, sb.). Prob. a parallel form to flag (see flag¹, sb.), and orig. from *flak; No. flak, n., inter alia, a flake; a slice of something. Note, however, Sw. dial. flök, n., a large detached piece of something.

flog² [fᶅōg], sb., careless, open, flapping dress or state of dress; to be (geng) in a f. Nm^s. (Bard.). Parallel form to flag; see flag², sb.

flog³ [fᶅōg], sb., 1) a lump, tangled tufts of hair or wool; de oo’ was in a f., the wool was quite entangled in tufts (of sheep when shedding^{[errata 6]}). Nm^w. (Esh.). 2) formation of clouds, negatively in the phrase “no [‘not’] a f.”; der’r no a f. upo tfe sky, there is not a cloud in the sky. Fe. — O.N. flóki, m., something tangled, a tuft, appl. to hair, wool; also of clouds (skýflóki).

flog¹ [fᶅōg], vb., 1) to hang loose, to flap, e.g. of clothes; wool on sheep; Nm^w. Parallel form to flag; see flag², vb.

flog² [fᶅōg], vb., to entangle; mostly in perf. part. floget [fᶅōgət]; de line is floget, the fishing-line has become entangled. Uⁿ. O.N. flœkja (No. and Fær. fløkja, Icel. flækja, Sw. dial. floka, flök’), vb., to entangle. See flog³, sb.

flog³, fljog [fᶅōg, fᶅog], vb., to throw, let fall, esp. to clean thrashed, dried corn by flinging it or letting it slip out of one’s hand (to handflog); the so-called dumba (chaff, dust) is then driven off by the wind; N.I. Also fl(j)ug [fᶅūg, fᶅug] and fl(j)uk [fᶅuk]: Wests. (Fo.: fᶅūg; Sa.: fᶅuk), Nm. (Nm^g.: fᶅuk), De., L. flug [flūg]: Ai. occas. In Nm. also sometimes with guttural-sound: fluch [fᶅuχ]. In Unst is found a form floi [flåi] besides fl(j)og. — O.N. fløygja (fleygja), vb., to let fly (fljúga), to fling; No. fløygja, vb., to let fall, to loose out of one’s hand. In Fær. is used a syn. verb “foykja” (to let drift), applied to winnowing corn. — In Y^h. flog [fᶅōg] is found also in sense of shedding wool, esp. of sheep, and may, in this case, be a compd. of “fløygja” and the above-mentioned flog¹, vb., which is a parallel form to flag [*flaka]; de sheep flog deir auld oo’ [‘their old wool’] when de new fleece grows ut (Y^h.).

floga¹ [floga], sb., in the expr.: “to beat de f.”, to beat one’s arms crosswise round the shoulders to keep oneself warm; N.I. In U. also flog [flog], to beat de f., and in Fe.: fluk [fᶅuk]. *flóki, berja flóka; No. berja floke, id. See further barflog (berflog), vb. Cf. skarf (to beat de s.).

floga² [flȯga], sb., a fly (insect), in the compds. longafloga [*langa fluga] and swartafloga [*svarta fluga]. Otherwise comm.: “fly”. O.N. fluga, f., a fly. floga, flug, in marfloga, marflug, sb., is the same word.

flogadrift [fᶅog··adrɩft·, fᶅō··ga-] and flokadrift (-trift) [flok··adrɩft· (-trɩft)], sb., (confused) haste; speed; to be in a f., to rush off headlong, also (N.Roe) to be flighty, disorderly, careless. N.Roe: flogadrift. Ai.: flokadrift and flokatrift. The expr. “to be in a f. [fᶅō··gadrɩft·]” is used in N.Roe also in sense of to be flighty, disorderly, careless, prob. with association to flog¹, vb. — *flog (or *flug)- drift; O.N. flog, flug, n., flight; flying. For the hardening of the final g to k in Shetl. see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII) § 31. For the form floka- cf. fluk¹, sb., from *flug

flogins, fljogins [fᶅōgins, fᶅōgɩns], sb. pl., chaff, dust, driven off by the wind from the thrashed, dried corn during the cleaning (flinging’). Uⁿ. *fløygi(ngar). See flog³, fljog, vb. From Du. is reported a form flowins [flɔuɩns], prob. by association with flow, sb., a grain; particle (borrowed from L.Sc.).

floi, vb., see flog³, fljog, vb.

flokatros [flok··atrɔs·, -trås·], sb., fidgety, noisy haste; feverish, confused anxiety; to be in a f., to hasten confusedly along (cf. flogadrift); to be in a f. aboot somet’in’, to rush noisily about, showing fidgety anxiety about something. Ai. For *flogatros (-dros?). Orig. *flog-tros? For floka- in stead of floga- see prec. under flogadrift, sb. For the second part, tros may be compared to No. trosa, vb., to crush; crash (Aa.), also inter alia: to rush on heedlessly and noisily. ^tros might, however, poss. be referred to No. drusa, vb., to rush on; tumble about (tr for dr, in that case, like flokatrift for flogadrift).

floker [flokər, flɔkər], sb., 1) confused rushing along; to be in a f., to hurry along precipitately; Uⁿ. 2) confusion; excitement; anxiety; in a f. (N.I.). Really fluttering, *flakr, *flǫgr or flǫkr; see below floker, vb.

floker¹ [flokər], vb., to flutter or fly to and fro (confusedly); a flokerin ful, a fluttering fowl; to geng flokerin. Du. *flakra or *flǫgra, *flǫkra; No. flakra, O.N. flǫgra (flǫkra), vb., to flutter, etc.

floker², flokr, vb., see flukr, vb.

flokk [flå‘k], sb., a crowd; multitude; a f. o’ folk. O.N. flokkr, m., flock.

flokner [fᶅåknər], and flukner [floknər, fᶅoknər], sb., a sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for fowl, esp. a hen. U. fᶅåknər, fᶅoknər: Uⁿ., floknər: U^wg. *flognir (deriv. of fljúga, vb., to fly); cf. O.N. “flognir” in “árflognir”, m., as a poetical name for the raven (Eg.).

flokra, sb., see flukra, sb.

floks, flokster, sb., see flukster.

flom [flōm, flō^əm], sb., a large piece of sod. M. Really the same word as the foll. flomi, sb.

flomi [flōmi, flō^əmi], sb., 1) a (large) flat expanse, (large) stretch of arable land, a f. o’ grund; we’re [‘have’] delved or shorn a guid [‘good’] f. 2) a large piece of cloth or stuff. 3) a great, broad snowflake; great flomis o’ snaw [‘snow’] (Y.). — Prob. *flám-, deriv. of the root “flá”, used of something flat, extensive; Icel. flæmi, n., something wide, large, extensive; flat surface or space; cf. No. “flaa” and “flaan” (R.), f., an extensive, flat surface; wide expanse.

?floms, sb., see flams.

flora-fever [flō··rafɩv·ər], sb., epidemic, esp. dog’s epizooty, — far³ and firi, sb. Du. flora has prob. arisen from *foral(d) by metathesis of l; orig. *farald(r); cf. Icel. farald(r), epidemic, under far³, sb.

floraskit [flor··askit·], sb., 1) bungling; unsuccessful work or result, esp. in the expr.: hit [‘it’] turned (ut) in a f., it failed entirely, it came to nothing, etc. Uⁿ. 2) much ado about nothing. Esh., Nm^w. — Prob. an old *flór-skítr, used contemptuously; O.N. flórr, m., that part of the byre floor on which the dung falls, behind the stalled cattle. The last part is skit, sb.

†flos¹ [flɔs], sb., common rush (plant), Juncus. comm. Also Ork. as well as in some L.Sc. and N.Eng. dialects (acc. to E.D.D.; “floss” is quoted by Jam. as an Ork. word, and Edm. gives it as Ork. and Shetl.). Poss. denoting something frayed, scaled or peeled off, as formerly the pith from the peeled rush was used for wicks in the open train-oil lamp (koli). In that case, to be classed with No. flasa, vb., to peel off in large, long flakes; to chip off, and flosa, vb., to loosen off in flosor (flakes). See flis, vb.

flos² [flȯs], sb., a light, passing shower, a f. o’ a shooer [‘shower’]. Wests. occas. May be classed with No. and Icel. flasa, vb., to flirt; go heedlessly on; cf. remarks under flan, vb. For the vowel-sound, cf. flos, vb., from *flasa. A form flis [flɩs, fles, fləs (flʌs)], more comm. used, seems to be another word; see flis (f. 4), sb.

flos [flȯs], vb., to flirt; coquet; dally, to geng ut a-flosin [a-flȯs·ɩn]. Du. No. flasa, vb., to flirt; coquet, flosa, vb., to chatter; Icel. flosi, m., a dandy.

floster [flɔstər, flȯstər], sb., 1) great, confused haste; to be in a f., to rush violently and heedlessly along (U.); to get quickly through one’s work, to do onyting [‘something’] in a f. (Du.). 2) hot temper; impatience; to be in a f., to have a fit ofimpatience; Fe. — flɔstər: U. flȯstər: Fe.; Du. — Icel. flaustr, n., careless haste, badly (hastily) performed work; No. and Icel. flaustra, vb., to work violently in a slipshod way. — The word assimilates partly to L.Sc. fluster, sb., bustle, confusion on account of hurry, and partly to Eng. fluster, sb.

floster [flɔstər, flȯstər], vb., to rush violently and confusedly along (U.: flɔstər); to get quickly through with one’s work, to f. at onyting (Du.: flȯstər). See prec. floster, sb.

flot [flɔt], sb., a level stretch of land, wide expanse; a flot o’ land, o’ corn. Nm^w.; De^w. Deriv. from *flat-; O.N. flǫt (and flata), f., flǫtr (and flati), m., a level stretch of land; cf. flet and flat(t)i, sbs.

floti [floti], sb., a small raft, ferry-boat. Sa. O.N. floti, m., that which is floating or is floated on the water; a raft; ferry-boat.

flotti [flɔti], sb., the uppermost part of the partition-wall through the house, dividing but and ben (corresponding to No. and Fær. “røgstue”: the living-room, and “glasstue”: the best room); chiefly applied to the triangular-shaped straw partition above the wooden wall. Sa. O.N. flatta, f., a mat (plaiting).

fluder [fludər], sb., a flat rock, esp. a flat skerry in the sea. Fe. Now mostly used as a place-name: de Fluder o’ Bakkigert, de F. o’ Øri (Fe^w.); de Fluders, pl. (Y^w.). Prob. an orig. “*flyðra” with dropped i-mutation. See further under flodrek², sb.

*flug [flug, flog], sb., a flounder, L.Sc. flook, fleuk. N.I.? May be derived from O.N. flóki (Sn.E.) on account of the final g. Icel. flóki, m., a small flounder.

flug¹ and fluk, vb., see flog³, fljog, vb.

flug² [flūg], vb., to hang loose, flapping = flag², vb.; de oo’ [‘wool’] is flugin on de sheep. Ai. May be an orig. *fluga, vb., — *floga; cf. O.N. flug, n., in sense of a vane, something fluttering in the wind, and No. floga, vb., to float; hover; to run about. Might also be thought to be developed through a middle-form “*fᶅūg” from O.N. fljúga, vb., to fly, although the latter ought to give a “*fløg” in Shetl.

fluid [fᶅūed] and fluin [fᶅūɩn], sb., a very small quantity or thin layer; a particle; grain; a f. o’ butter. U. fluid: Uⁿ.; fluin: U^wg. Prop. the same word as fli, sb., in the same sense (see fli), and developed from a *flý. u in flu- has arisen through dropped i-mutation; -id in fluid is prob. the suffixed def. art. in neut. [*flýit], and -in, in fluin, is the def. art. in the fem. gender [*flýin]; No. “fly” (a flake; fluff; grain) is found both as a neut. and as a fem. noun. flow [flåu] reported from Ai., a f. a’ meal, is L.Sc.

fluk¹ [fluk, fᶅuk], sb., a speeding along in great haste: der’r a f. on [‘upon’] him (her); he (she) is rushing along; to geng wi’ a f., to make much headway (e.g. of a boat, a ship), to hasten. Conn. [fluk, fᶅuk], Fe. [fᶅuk]. O.N. flug, n., = flog, n., flying; speed.

fluk², sb., see floga¹ (flog), sb.

fluk¹ (fljuk) [fluk, fᶅuk], vb., to be in quick motion, to hurry, hasten; to geng flukin aboot, to rush about. Conn. Formed either from fluk¹, sb., or developed from O.N. fljúga, vb., to fly, through infl. of fluk¹, sb.

fluk² or fljuk [fᶅuk], vb., to fly off; fall off, f. aff, of chaff on corn, cleaned by ‘flinging’, the so-called fl(j)ogin, fl(j)ugin, fl(j)ukin; de langtails on de aits [‘oats’] fl(j)uks aff when de corn is fl(j)uket. Nm^w. Either directly from O.N. fljúga, vb., to fly, or the same word as the derived fl(j)uk = flog³, fljog [fløygja], to f. de corn, to clean the corn by flinging, which may have become intransitive in use.

fluki (fljuki) [fluki, fᶅuki], sb., a nimble, little fellow, esp. as a pet-name for a lively, active child; “my piri (little) f.”! Conn. Deriv. of fluk¹ (fljuk), vb.

flukner, sb., see flokner, sb.

flukr, fluker [flokər], and flokr, floker [flɔkər], vb., to snow in broad flakes (of snow); he is flukrin (flokrin). *flykra. The Shetl. form has prob. arisen through dropped i-mutation; see flukra, sb.

flukra [flokra, flok··əra·] and flokra [flɔkra, flɔk··əra·], sb., collect., quantity of big flakes of snow falling (in calm weather). comm. Occas. also of a single snowflake, thus in Du.: flukr, fluker [flokər], a snawie [‘snowy’] f. From *flykra through dropped i-mutation. Fær. flykra, f., snowflake. Cf. flurakavi, sb.

Flukra [flok··əra·], sb., the name for a speckled hen. Wh. Formed from flukret, adj.; q.v. Not directly from flukra, sb. — Flura is found in Uⁿ. as the name for a hen in same sense as Flukra. “Flura” is apparently formed from “flooer” = Eng. flower, sb. Note the form flurakavi for *flukrakavi with dropped k.

flukret [flokrət, flok··ərət·], adj., spotted; speckled (white-speckled), esp. of hens; a f. hen, a speckled (black and white) hen. Wh., N., Uⁿ., Fe. *flykróttr. See prec. flukra, sb.

flukster [flokstər], sb., great haste; to be in a f., to be in a great hurry; Conn. floks [flɔks] and flokster [flɔkstər] agitation; excitement; Du. To be classed with No. flugsa and flogsa, vb., to flutter; bustle.

†flunder [flondər], sb., a small flounder. Da. sandflynder, No. and Fær. sandflundra. Also “sand-fluke”. U^wg. No., Sw., Fær. flundra, f., a flounder.

flungs [flo‘ŋs] and flunks [flo‘ŋks], sb., a swinging; shaking; fluttering; flapping; he had a f. upon him, he swung along with flapping garments (Fo.: flunks); “de oo’ [‘wool’] was a’ [‘all’] in a f. upo de yowe [‘ewe’], applied to a sheep losing its wool (Fo.: flunks). Also quick movement in turning round. See flungs (flunks), vb.

flungs [flo‘ŋs] and flunks [flo‘ŋks], vb., 1) to swing; shake; flutter, e.g. of untidy clothes, wool on sheep, etc.; to geng flungsin (flunksin), to wear loose, flapping garments; de claes is flungsin (flunksin). In Fo.: flunks; de fleece is flunksin on de sheep. 2) to flap the wings; de ern (the eagle) guid [‘went’] flungsin op de burn (Y^b.). 3) to make quick movements in turning round, to geng flungsin. — No. flumsa, vb. a) to fly quickly, to flap the wings (Aa.); b) to tumble about (R.). — For a change ms > ngs (nks) in Shetl. Norn, see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII) § 38 c.

flunki [flo‘ŋki], sb., a long cloak or dress. Sa. Poss. synonymous or cognate with No. flange, m., an old-fashioned kind of coat or dress, wide (unbecoming) clothes.

fluns [flo‘ns], sb., the fins, cut off from the sides of a ray (Y^h.); the thin part, including the fins, nearest the head of a ray, de f. o’ a skate (Uⁿ.), = bjels¹. Really, that which is sliced off or flensed. Cf. No. flunsa, vb., = flinsa, to slice, flense.

flurakavi [flū··rakā·vi], sb., dense snow (kavi) falling in broad flakes, mostly in calm weather. Yⁿ. Fær. flykrukavi, m., id. flura- for *flukra-; see flukra, sb.

flød [flø̄d, flø̄^əd] and flørd [flø̄rd], sb., speed; great haste; to geng (com’) wi’ a f.; der’r a f. upon him; dey were upon a great flød, they were in great haste. Fe. O.N. flýti, f., and flýtir, m., speed; fleetness. See flød², vb.

flød¹ [flød], vb., to reach high water; he’s flødin; to f. de brust, see brust¹, sb. May be partly O.N. flœða, vb., partly Eng. flood, vb. — The substantive flød [flød], flood, high water, is prob. Eng. flood, sb., as O.N. “flóð” in Shetl. regularly ought to have given *flū(d).

flød² [flø̄d, flø̄^əd], vb., to hasten; walk quickly, comm. in the pres. part. form; to geng flødin; he guid [‘went’] by flødin, he cam’ flødin. Fe. Other forms, also from Fe.: fløgd [flø̄gd] and flørd [flø̄rd]. — O.N. flýta, vb., to urge on; to speed oneself; to hasten (from fljótr, adj., speedy). — A form fløg [flø̄g] (Fe.), which might be quite another word, viz.: O.N. fljúga, vb., to fly, is not further confirmed and therefore uncertain, fløgd and flørd are poss. influenced by “fljúga”, vb., and ferd¹, sb., respectively.

fløder [flødər], sb., (great) hurry. Fe. A mingling of flød, sb., haste, and L.Sc. (and Shetl.) fludder, fluther, sb., hurry (pronounced flȯdər in Shetl.).

flødferd [flød··færd·], sb., great hurry, speed; he was on a f., he was in a great hurry. Fe. May be either an old “*fljótferð” from O.N. fljótr, adj., brisk; quick, and ferð, f., a journey (cf. No. fljotfarande, adj., moving quickly), or a later compd. of flød, sb., and ferd, sb.

flødskerri [flød··skær·i], sb., a skerry, overflowed at high water, = O.N. flœðarsker. Y^h.

flør [flø̄r], sb., is Eng. floor, but occas. used in Shetl. in fishermen’s tabu-lang. in sense of the sea-bottom, a shoal or bank in the sea, a meaning poss. originating from Norn (O.N. golf, n., floor, etc.); note, e.g. Sw. dial. golv, gulv, n., in sense of a patch of ground or field; a slope. Found as a place-name in “de Flør o’ Gamlarett” (Fo.).

fløs [fløs] and fløsin [fløsɩn] sb., skerry with a broad surface; he’s a great f. o’ him. Yⁿ. Occas. in place-names (= fles), such as Fløsgjo [flø̄sgjo] (Fe.). See fles, sb., to which fløs(in) is a parallel form. For the form fløs cf. Icel. flös = fles, f., an open plain (B.H.).

*fo [fō], vb., 1) vb. n., to get; receive. In Hildina-ballad (the Foula-ballad) in the form “fwo, fuo”. 2) vb. a., to procure. Noted down in the expr.: Fo me a dikk! get me something to drink! U^wg. O.N. fá, vb., a) to get, gain; b) to procure.

fob, sb., and fobi, sb., see fib and fibi, sbs.

fodabrod, sb., see fadabrod, sb.

fodek [fodək, fȯdək], sb., a water-pail, = fedek. Du. In Du^s. fodek is (was) used occas. as a tabu-name by fishermen at sea, while the current word is dafek [dafək], heveldafek (from Gael. dabhach, a large vessel, brewing-vat).

fodin, foder, sb., a cat, see fudin, sb.

fog [fog, fɔg], sb., drift, drifting; esp.: 1) thin covering of light, damp clouds; a f. ower de sky (Nm.; De.), a light f. o’ mist (Nm., De.). 2) fine, drifting snow; snow-storm, a f. o’ snaw; Conn.; Y.; Fe.; De. 3) misty spray from strong surf; de f. o’ de sea (S.Sh.); de sea is standin wi’ a f. (Y.). — fog with close o: De. occas.; elsewhere comm.: fɔg. — O.N. fok, n., drift, e.g. drifting snow. Shetl. fog from O.N. “fok” is in several instances merged with Eng. fog, sb. (in Shetl. pronounced: fåg, fɔg). Cf. fjog², fjug, sb.

fog [fɔg], vb., to drift, of densely falling snow; a fogin kavi, dense snow-storm (= a murin kavi); he’s fogin i’ de door, the snow is drifting in through the door. Y., Fe. Deriv. of fog (f. 2), sb.

fogbord [fɔg··bȯrd·, fog··bərd·] and fogborder [fɔg·bȯr·dər, fog·-], sb., dense snow-storm, a fogbord o’ snaw [‘snow’]; he’s snawin’ [‘snowing’] wi’ a fogborder. Y.; F.; U^{s. and wg}. fogbord: Fe. [fɔgbȯrd, fog-]; U^s. [fogbərd]; U^wg. [fɔgbərd]; fogborder: Y. (Y^m., Y^h.). From Yⁿ. is recorded a form fogborger, fogeborger [fɔg·(ə)bȯr·gər]. In Unst (U^s.) fogbord is used also of dense sea-spray, a f. o’ sea, spray rising from strong surf, = fog 3. From Conn. and Sandw. (Du.) fogbordin [fɔg·bȯr··dɩn] is reported as a rare form in sense of a snow-storm. — *fokburðr; a compd. of O.N. fok, n., drift, drifting, and burðr, m., bearing, something borne or carried. Cf. Icel. snjóburðr, m., a snowstorm. For rg in Shetl. Norn from an original rð, see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII) § 29, the end.

fog(e)borger, sb., see fogbord(er), sb.

fogensi [fɔg··ənsi·], sb., drifting snow; snow-storm (with gusts of wind). More recent deriv. of fog, sb.

foger [fogər, fȯgər], sb., de f., the sun; tabu-name in fishermen’s lang., sea-term. Uⁿ. Prop. “the fair”; see further under feger, sb., and cf. fogri, sb.

fogge, sb., bailiff; see further under *foud, sb.

fog [fɔg]-moor, sb., dry, mouldering, peaty soil. C. *fok-(mór). See fog, sb.

fogmuld, -mould [fɔg··møld·], sb., dry, dusty mould. C. *fokmold; cf. No. fokjord, f., very loose, light earth. See fog, sb.

fogri [fōgri], sb., fishermen’s tabu-name at sea for mackerel. Uⁿ. Prop. def. form: “de f.” from O.N. “hinn fagri”, the fair. Cf. foger and feger as name for the sun.

foitlin, sb., sea-term (tabu-name) for mouse, see fotlin, fotlek, sb.

fokk, vb., see fukk, vb.

fold [fɔᶅd] and foild [fɔild], vb., to wrap oneself up in clothes, esp. in perf. part. foldet (foildet), wrapped up in too much clothing, mostly of a woman; shø [‘she’]’s fo(i)ldet op; fo(i)ldet op aboot de face. Uⁿ.; Y^b. Orig. doubtless to lay in folds, in plaits. O.N. falda, vb., to fold, etc. Cf. O.N. faldr (foldr), m., fold; the hem of a garment; border; flap; a woman’s white linen hood; No. folda, f., a plait or fold in clothes.

foleks [foləks, fɔləks], sb. pl., folk, people, esp. preserved as a tabu-word, used by fishermen at sea, in sense of men. Br. O.N. fólk, n., people, foleks, pl. of O.N. fólk by inserted connecting vowel. The pl. form in Shetl. orig. from Eng. folks = folk, sb., commonly used in Shetl. and pronounced like Eng. folks, with dropped l before k, as distinct from foleks.

folgju (foldju) [fɔl·gjū·, fɔ̇l·gjū·, fɔlᶁu, fɔldju] and fulgju (fuldju, fulju) [folᶁu, foldju, foldᶎu, folju], sb., 1) annual allowance or pension; life-long support or residence given to one person by another; he’s ta’en [‘has taken’] her for a folgju, he has taken her to stay with him for good, has given her lifelong support (Conn.); he guid [‘went’] to sicc a place for a folgju, he went to such and such a place to make a permanent stay there (Conn.). 2) abundant provisions; I ha’e [‘have’] a fulgju here (U.). 3) an unlimited or very long time, “eternity”, esp. in the expr. “for a f.”: a) for good; beyond recall; I tink, he’s gaun [‘going’] to sit here for a fulgju (Sa.); he’s gane [‘gone’] for a folgju, he has gone for good, taking away with him all his belongings (Uⁿ.; Conn.; Du^m.); he’s no [‘not’] gane for a fulgju (U^mo.); b) for a very long time; to geng [‘go’] or bide for a folgju (Fe^w.); “to blaw [‘blow’] or stand for a folgju”, fig. of wind, blowing continually from the same quarter (Fe^w.); c) to go on with something continually in real earnest; we’re no begun for a folgju, we have not yet begun to work seriously, so that we can continue without a break (Fe^w.). — The diff. forms of pronunc. are distributed as foll.: folgju (foldju): Conn. [fɔl·gjū·], Uⁿ. [fɔ̇l·gjū·], Fe^w. [fɔlᶁu], Du^m. [fɔldju]; fulgju (fuldju, fulju): U. [folᶁu, foldju], Sa. [foldju, foldᶎu, folju]. — The same word as O.N. fulga, f., payment for one’s support; board; annual allowance; No. folga, f., annual allowance; Icel. fúlga, f., inter alia supply of food or fodder (B.H.). The Shetl. words ending in -gju, -dju (-ju) spring from an orig. “fulgu”, accus., gen. and dat. of “fulga”. For the stress on the orig. unstressed ending see the examples given in Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 41.

fom [fȯm (fəm)], sb., a thin layer, a f. o’ meal, o’ saut [‘salt’], a f. o’ snaw [‘snow’] on de eart’. Nm^g. Parallel-form to fem, fim, sb.; q.v.

foml-ous? fommelos [fåm··ələs·], adj., powerless and awkward in handling anything. Du. No. fumlen and fumlutt (“foomml-”), adj., fumbling; awkward, from fumla, vb.; Sw. dial. fum(m)la and fåmmla, vb., to fumble; to be awkward. The Shetl. form fom(me)l- is more closely connected with the Northern forms given than with Eng. fumble, vb.

fomm [fɔm, fȯm], vb., to smoke; drift; a) of smoke: to escape; de reek is fommin ut de door, the smoke is escaping through the opening of the door; he’s fommin ut de reek, the smoke is escaping through the opening of the door or roof (‘louver’); Y^b. [fɔm]; b) of dry, falling snow: to drift densely; a fommin kavi, very dense, dry snowstorm; Fe. [fɔm]; Nm. [fȯm]. Also fimm [fəm]; Nm.; a fimmin muri(n) = a “fommin kavi”. — From Lat. fumus, smoke? “fumma”, a sea-term (tabu-name), used by Fær. fishermen for smoke. For phonetic reasons, the Shetl. fomm cannot be derived directly from Eng. fume, vb.

fommin (fimmin) [fȯmin, fəmin], sb., heavy, very dense, dry snowstorm. Nm. See fomm, vb.

fommis [fȯmɩᶊ], sb., confused state of mind; trembling, esp. caused by a sudden, disagreeable surprise; he set me in a f., he made me confused, esp. surprised me disagreeably, causing me to tremble. Sa. *fum-. Cf. No. fum, n., foolery, and fume, m., confusion; heedless bustle, fuma, vb., a) to bungle; b) to bustle, rush foolishly on; Sw. dial. fumm, n., foolishness; confusion, and fumma, vb., a) to be foolish or confused; b) to have trembling hands; Icel. fum, n., confused haste. For the Shetl. fommis, cf. Fær. fummis- in fummisligur, adj., precipitant; imprudent; headlong. See fimis, sb.

fommis [fȯmɩᶊ], vb., to make one confused or bewildered; to put one out of countenance; to cause one to tremble; he fommist me; I was fommist, I was quite confused, esp. by a sudden, disagreeable surprise. Sa. For the etym. of the word, see under fommis, sb.

fona [fȯna], sb., fire, tabu-name, used by fishermen at sea. More comm. in the forms: fenna, finna [fəna, fəᶇa, fɩᶇa] and fenni, finni [fəni]. Wests. [in all the forms given]. Br. [fəni]. O.N. funi, m., a flame; in poetry, of fire (Eg.). — For other tabu-names for fire in Shetl. see birtek, brenner (brenna), emek, *furin, ilder¹ (ildin) and *eld.

fonder, sb., see funder, sb.

*fong, *fung, sb., embrace; lap. Hildina-ballad. O.N. fang, n., a grip; embrace.

fonglin [fåŋglɩn], sb., a thing lost and found again; I’m fonn [‘I have found’] a f. de day [‘to-day’]. U^wg. From an old *fanglin. Deriv. of fang, sb. For the l-deriv. cf. No. fangla (faangla), vb., to embrace, also the uncertain Fær. fongul, m., (catch? fishing-tackle? poetic word. F.A. II).

*fongsnoro [fåŋ·snō··ro, -snō··rə], sb., (old-fashioned) violin. Conn. The first part is doubtless O.N. fang, n., a grip (see under fongstrong, sb.). The second part, snoro, may be syn. with *snarwa [snarwa, snar··əwa·] (also noted down in Conn.) in sense of a violin, which may be associated with No. and Sw. dial. snarva, vb., to growl; O.N. snarfla, vb., to rattle in the throat (Eng. snore, vb.), and snara, f., string. — “fongsnoro” and “snarwa” probably denoted the same kind of violin as *gju, *gu, *gø, a two-stringed violin, reported from the N.I.

*fongstrong [fåŋstråŋ], sb., the first string of a violin; a f. till a snarwa (violin). Conn. Prob.: *fang-strengr, from O.N. fang, n., a grip, and strengr, m., a string.

fonk, sb., see funk, sb.

for¹ [fōr], sb., a find (something found) of great value; he tought [‘thought’] he was [‘had’] fonn a f., he thought he had found something by which he could become rich. Sa. May be associated with No. forda, f., a burden; load (to be carried), and O.N. forði, m., livelihood; support; store.

for² [fȯr], sb., 1) a furrow in a field; N.Roe. 2) a ditch, ridge or narrow strip of grass, forming a boundary between two cultivated patches (corn-rigs), de f. o’ de “rig”; Du. 3) a piece of ground dug by spade across a cultivated patch, = geng, sb. 5, and roddek; N.Roe. — O.N. for, f., a furrow; drain; ditch, esp. a ploughed furrow in a field (cf. No. forarlengd, f., and forskot, n., a cultivated patch, strip offield). Fær. fori, m., the lower end of a sloping field.

for [fȯr], vb., to make a furrow in a field, esp. “to f. for taatis [‘potatoes’]”, when planting potatoes: to make a furrow (with the foot) across a cultivated patch where the potatoes are to be planted. N.Roe. No. fora, vb., to make a furrow in the ground. See for², sb.

for [får], prep., for, in the expr.: “hwat (kwat) for”, like No. kvat for (fyre), Da. hvad for, hvilken, hvad slags, what, which, what kind of; hwat for a man is he? what kind of man is he?

ford¹ [fōrd], sb., a fishing-ground of a certain extent. Du. Prob. the same word as fjord¹, sb. Cf., however, the syn. ferald, sb.

ford² [fōrd, fō^ərd], sb., a poor result of an errand or of something one has undertaken to do, in expr. as: hit [‘it’] cam’ till a f., a puir [‘poor’] f., it did not succeed, did not turn out well. Nm. ford has poss. arisen through mingling of O.N. fǫr, f., an expedition; journey, and O.N. ferð, f., in same sense. Cf. ferd¹, fori and førd, sb., and the use of these words (“hit cam’ til a ferd”, etc.).

for-døn [fɔrdøn·], perf. part. and adj., bewitched, cursed, burdensome or heavy; he took a f.-d. skate (an uncommonly heavy ray) upo de tap [‘top’] o’ dat (St.), døn = Eng. done, perf. part. — From an old forgerðr (-gjörðr), fyrirgerðr, perf. part., bewitched; O.N. fyrirgera, vb., to bewitch; Fær. forgjørdur, No. forgjord, perf. part. and adj., = Da. forgjort, bewitched.

foren [fōrən], perf. part., prop. gone away; set off; now only in phrases, such as: Foo [‘how’]’s du f.? what luck have you had (on your journey)? I’m f. ower weel [‘very well’], I have fared very well. Conn. O.N. farinn, perf. part. of fara, vb., to fare; travel. Cf. faren and misforen, perf. part., and førd², vb.

forgeng [fōrgæŋ] and forgenger [fōr··gæŋ(g)·ər], sb., a foreboding; vision; a supernatural appearance of a person, portending this person’s death (one’s wraith). *forgang- or *fyrirgang-; cf. No. fyreferd, f., a foreboding. See feiness, sb., under fei, adj.

forhelma, fore-h. [fōr·hæl·ma], sb., a patch of grassy stubble (helma), the grass of which has not been eaten by the cattle. Y., Fe. Also forhelm [fōr·hælm·] (Fe.). In similar sense as in forhelma, “for, fore [fōr]” is found in Y. and Fe. in a) “for-girs, fore-girs [-‘grass’]”, permanent grass-field for a favourite animal; b) “for-lay, fore-lay”, separated piece of pasture, lying fallow; e) fore-stubble = forhelma. L.Sc. “fore” is found in meanings by which the Shetl. prefix can be explained, acc. to Jam.: “still remaining”, “saved as a stock”, etc.; but none of the given compds., used in Shetl. — nor corresponding ones, — are mentioned in Jam. For the second part in forhelma see helma¹, sb.

fori [fōri], sb., a poor sesult of an errand or of something one has undertaken to do, in expr. as: hit [‘it’] cam’ till a f. Y. (Y^h., Yⁿ.). O.N. fǫr, f., an expedition; journey; Sw. dial. fora, f., a journey there and back. Cf. the use of ferd¹ (ford², førd), sb.

fork [få‘rk], vb., to work eagerly without progress, to f. in or atill (intill) onyting [‘into something’]. Wests. (Sa.). Doubtless to raise or move (as with a fork). O.N. forka, vb., to pole; Eng. fork, vb., in L.Sc. partly in a fig. sense (diff. from Shetl. fork): to look out or search for anything.

forken, forkon [fȯ‘rkən (fɔ̇‘rkən), fə‘rkən], adj., 1) desirous; greedy, esp. for food, dainty, f. for meat (food), for fish; N.Sh. [Y^h.: fə‘rkən; otherwise more comm.: fȯ‘rkən]; also fjorken [fjȯ‘rkən (fjə‘rkɩn)] (U^wg.: fjə‘rkɩn), which easily assimilates to fjorkin, fjörkin, adj. (q.v.). forken [fȯ‘rkən] is reported from Wh. in sense of voracious. 2) appetizing, making one’s mouth water; see forken-met, sb. — O.N. forkunni and forkunna, adj., eager to learn; inquiring; No. forkunn, Sw. dial. fårken (fårkån), adj., also delicious; savoury; Fær. forkunnigur, adj., applied to food: delicious; eagerly longed for.

forken (forkon)-met [fȯ‘r··kənmɛt·, fɔ̇‘r··kən-], sb., delicious, savoury food. N.Roe. *forkunn(ar)-matr, from O.N. forkuðr (forkunnr), f., eagerness; inclination; longing. No. forkunnmat, Sw. dial. fårkenmat, m., toothsome morsel.

*forkop, sb., prop. (acc. to Balfour): a) the lawman’s salary for the Thing circuits; b) taxes constituting the lawman’s salary; see *lagman, lawman, sb. Later on (after the discontinuance of the lawman’s office), a name for various kinds of taxes, levied by the feudal lord of Shetland in former times. In Balfour’s Glossary “forcop” is recorded with the foll. explanation: “the Lawman’s salary for the Thing circuits; afterwards charged by the Donatary, first against the Crown, and again against the parishes on various pretexts, sometimes of Odal usage, sometimes of feudal claim”. — O.N. fararkaup, n., payment for a journey, means here: “Þingfararkaup”, a salary or payment for Thing circuit.

forlegen, forlegin [fɔrlē·gən, fårlē·gən, -lē^ə·gɩn], adj., thoroughly exhausted; weakened. U. and Fe. [fɔrlē·gən, får-]; Du. [fårlē·gən, -lē^ə·gɩn]. From Esh., Nm^w., is reported a form fi(r)leged or fe(r)leged [fəlē·gəd] and from N.: ferlodin [fərlō^ə·dɩn]. — Fær. firilagstur, perf. part. of “leggjast firi”, to become weakened, exhausted. O.N. “leggjask fyrir” is handed down in sense of to lose courage; give up hope. The anglicised “laid afore” is now more comm. used in Shetl. than forlegen.

forrum [fōrrūm], sb., fore-hold in a boat. O.N. fyrirrúm, n., fore-hold in a ship; No. fyrerom, n., = framrom: fore-hold in a boat.

fors [fɔ‘rs, få‘rs], sb., a waterfall; mostly in the expr.: “de f. o’ de burn”‘ the waterfall in the burn; fors is here misinterpreted as Eng. force. Now mostly as a place-name: “de Fors” and “(de) Forsin [fɔ‘rsɩn, fɔ‘rsən]”. The latter form, containing the old def. art. [O.N. -inn: forsinn], is noted down in Conn. and Du. (Sandwick). See Forso under “*o”, sb. — O.N. fors (foss), m., a waterfall.

fors [fɔ‘rs], vb., in fishing, angling: to spit out chewed limpets (patella) on the water to allure the fish; f. awaa [‘away’]! (C.); to f. de silleks, to allure coalfish by spitting out chewed limpets (St.). S.Sh. (Conn., Du.). Br., Wests. (St.). — Prob. from fross (*fruss) by metathesis of r; see further fross, frosj, vb., occas. used in same sense as fors. — Cf. so, vb.

forsek, forsi, sb., see forso, sb.

*forsend [(fɔ‘rsən) fȯ‘rsən], sb., a snell on a fishing-line, the part between the sinker and the lower piece, the so-called skog, with the hook. U. — Fær. forsendi, m., No. forsynd, f., a snell, the lower part of a fishing-line; Icel. forsenda, f., a deep-sea lead on a fishing-line. — Cf. forsukn, sb.

forsin [fɔ‘rsɩn]-bag, sb., a boat-fisherman’s bag, containing fittings for the fishing-line andarticles necessary for mending. U^wg. Poss. “forsend-bag”, a bag for keeping snells; see *forsend, sb.

†forsintaps [fo‘r··sɩntaps·, få‘r··sɩn-], sb. pl., 1) cabbage-leaves cut off for the cattle, also called “kail-stuins [stūins]”. L. (Vidlin). 2*) thin barley-cakes, reported in the phrase: “f. and skepta (whey mixed with curd)”; Ube [ø̄b], De. In the last given obs. sense the word was certainly also used in sing.: a forsintap. — The first part, forsin, can in both senses given be explained from No. fruse, m., a spout; knot; lump; wooden peg; flap; the metathesis *fros(s) = > fors is exemplified in fors, vb., from fross, vb.; see above, “tap” may partly be No. and Sw. tapp, wooden peg, partly the word “top”, in which o in Shetl. has changed to a. — fors [fɔ‘rs, få‘rs], vb., to pluck the coarser hairs away from the finer in sheep’s wool, is the same word as Eng. dial. force, vb., to cut off the long outer hairs of sheep’s wool (from O.Fr. forcer, vb., to cut), and forsin [fɔ‘rsɩn, få‘rsɩn], sb., forsins [fɔ‘rsəns, få‘rsɩns], sb. pl., coarse outer wool, are in meaning so widely diff. from forsintaps 2, barley-cakes, that no connection can be supposed, even though forsintaps 1, cabbage-leaves cut off, might be associated with forsin(s), outer hairs; outer wool.

forso [fɔ‘rso], sb., half-boiled, chewed limpets spit out on the water to allure the fish; a word belonging to fishermen’s tabu-lang. (esp. Dunrossness fishermen) = the comm. so, sb. [*sáð]. Other forms: forsok, forsek [fɔ‘rsȯk, fɔ‘rsək] (Du.) and forsi [fɔ‘rsi] (Br.) and *fortek [få‘rtək] (U^wg.). — forso is prob. the oldest of the forms given (“forsok, forsek”, most prob. formed by means of the L.Sc. suffix) and might be explained as a compd. fors-so from fors, vb., to spit out half-boiled, chewed limpets (see fors, vb.), and the comm. so, sb., which denotes limpets, thrown out (or spit out); while forso, on the other hand, prob. only denotes limpets spit out, “forset or frosset so”.

for [fōr]-speak, forespeak, vb., to consecrate; sanctify (by reciting a formula); esp. in perf. part. “for-spoken, forespoken”, consecrated; forspoken water, holy water. Anglicising of O.N. fyrirmæla (formæla), vb., prop. to recite a formula (formáli and formæli, n., formulated words), esp. in sense of to curse; O.N. (Icel.) formáli, m., phrase, etc., may also denote a solemn prayer.

*forstil [fɔ‘rsti̇̄l·], sb., (strong) surf; dense spray from waves breaking on the shore with strong surf. Conn.(?). N.I.(?). Reported by John Irvine. Prob. a compd. the first part of which is O.N. fors, No. foss (fors), m., a) a waterfall; b) an eddy, crest of foaming waves (thus in No.). The explanation of the second part (dil, til or stil? is uncertain (poss. of Celt. orig.).

forstokk, fore-stokk sb., see framstokk, sb.

forsukn, forsukken^{[errata 7]} [fȯrsok·ən, fōr·sok··ən], sb., a) a piece of iron or whalebone, fixed to the sinker on a fishing-line, to which the snell is tied; Conn.; Du. Also: b) the snell by which the sinker is fixed to the line, esp. in catching coalfish (Du.), or c) the end of the fishing-line itself, put through a hole in the sinker, to which the snell is fixed (Du.). Occas.: d) (in Du.^s) = forsend, a snell of a fishing-line. — fōr·sok··ən: Conn. and Du. fȯrsok·ən: Du. occas. (Du.^s). — *for-sókn; O.N. sókn, f., search, etc., inter alia also implement for searching for something on the sea-bottom and fetching it up (Fr.). “sókn”, in Icel., denotes a large hook for catching fish (E.J.) or (in pl.: sóknir) an iron chain with which the Greenland shark is caught (B.H.). — “forsukn-knot” (Conn.) denotes an overhand knot by which de forsukn (meaning a) is fixed to a fishing-line.

*fortek, sb., see forso, sb.

fosen [fōsən] and fozen [fōzən], adj., spongy; porous, = No. fosen. Also fosi [fōsi] and “fozy” [fōzi]; L.Sc. fozy, adj.

fosens, fosjens [fōᶊəns, fɔ̄ᶊəns], interj., exclamation of astonishment, surprise; oh, my f.! oh, my gracious! etc. U. Poss. to be compared with Sw. dial. fassen, fasen, curse it! confound it! in exclamation (Ri. under “fan” 2).

fosk [fȯsk], sb., haze; light clouds; also fjosk [fjȯsk]. Ai.; Nm.; Fe. No. f(j)usk, Da. fusk, n., anything loose and light.

foski [fȯski], adj., haze; a f. sky or day. Fe. Deriv. of fosk, sb.

foti, sb., see futi, sb.

fotlin [fȯƫlin] and fotlek [fȯƫlək], sb., a mouse, tabu-name, used by fishermen at sea. Also foitlin [fȯitlɩn], foitlek [fȯitlək, [fꜵ̈i‘tlək], feitlek [fei‘tlək, fəi‘tlək], fitlek [f^əitᶅək] and futli [futli]. The forms “fȯƫlin, fȯitlɩn, fei‘tlək, f^əitᶅək and futli” are noted down in Unst (futli: Uⁿ.), “fꜵ̈i‘tlək and fəi‘tlək” in North-Yell. All the forms given, prob. spring from a “*fœtlingr” in sense of a small foot, light foot, a dim. deriv. of fótr, m., a foot. Cf. “fotel” in No., applied to the squirrel (in a rigmarole; in R. under “fotella”). For the derivative l cf. Icel. ferfætlingur, m., a quadruped (J.Th.), and No. fjorføtla, f., a lizard. From the N.I. also a deriv. in s: fotsek [fȯƫsək], foitsek [fȯitsək] and fitsik [fətsɩk, fɩtsək] (esp. Y. and Fe.); besides the forms fotsek, foitsek, fitsik, is also found fäitsek [fäi‘tsək]. Other forms, characteristic of the N.I. (esp. of Y. and Fe.), are: fittek [fətək], fitter [fətər, fetər], fitrik [fət^ərɩk]. The forms prefixed by fit- [fət (fet)-] are, with reference to the pronunc., influenced by L.Sc. (and Shetl.) “fit”, sb., foot. Cf. the tabu-names for cat, under fudin, sb.

fotsek, sb., see fotlin, sb.

fotsporr, fit-sporr [fət·spȯrr··], sb., cross-bar, sporr, linn, stretcher of a boat, for supporting the feet in rowing = fitlinn. U. *fót-sparri or -sperra. See sporr, sb.

*foud, *foude, *fowde [fɔud, fåud], sb., bailiff. Balfour gives “foud” with the explanation “collector of the king’s skatts, skyllds, mulcts, etc., afterwards chief judge, and ultimately sheriff of the Foudrie of Zetland”. In the Shetland Isles in the 16th century the designation “great f. (grand f., head f.)” was used of the bailiff, the chief official in the Isles beside the lawman, the judge, while the under-bailiffs (district judges, parish bailiffs) in the various subordinate bailiwicks were called “underfouds, underfowdes”, later, “parish fouds”. “The great foud” was replaced in the 17th century by a “steward-depute” or (later) “sheriff”, the under-bailiffs by “bailies, bailiffs”. The lawman’s office was dissolved about or before the middle of the 16th century, shortly before the bailiff’s office, with^{[errata 8]} which it prob. has been merged. Hence the intermingling of the designations “great f.” and “lagman, lawman”. Hibbert applies “the great foude or lagman” to one and the same functionary, also called “prefect”. Barry designates the bailiff (the foud) as “the president of the supreme court formerly held in the Orkney and Shetland islands”, and, like Balfour, makes him a specifically Ork. functionary — in disagreement with Shetl. deeds from the 16th century; see further under *lagman, sb. — A form fogge, with preserved original g, was still used in the latter half of the 16th century. In a letter of 1567 from the English Ambassador at the Scottish Court in Edinburgh, Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, to Queen Elizabeth, with ref. to Bothwell (who in his flight to Denmark made a short stay in Shetland at the bailiff Olaw Sinclair’s), the Shetl. bailiff, “the principal man of the isle”, is mentioned as “fogge” (misunderstood by the letter-writer as the bailiff’s name: “The principal man of the isle, named Fogge, doth favoure Bodwell. . .”). G. Goudie, Ant. of Shetland, pp. 93 (and 230). — Other modes of spelling the word in old Scottish-Shetlandic deeds are: fold, fould, and occas. f(e)ald, in which the l was prob. mute. — O.Norw. foguti (fogutr, fugutr, folguti, fouti), Mod. Norw. fut and faut, Sw. dial. faut, Fær. fúti (fúdi), m., a bailiff (borrowed from Germ.).

“foudrie, fowdrie”, sb., 1) bailiff’s district, bailiwick. Shetland is mentioned in deeds from the 16th century as “the Foudrie (Fowdrie, Foldrie, Faudrie) of Zetland”. 2) the office of bailiff (great foud) in the Shetl. Isles in the 16th century. No. futerike, n., Da. fogderi, n., bailiff’s district.

four-ærin, -arin [fɔ^ur·(h)ær·ɩn, fɔ^ur··arɩn·], sb., a four-oared boat. The general form is “fɔ^ur··arɩn·”, while “fɔ^ur·(h)ær·ɩn” is peculiar to Du. *(fer-)æringr; No. færing, m., from “feræring” or “firæring”, a four-oared boat; O.N. ferærr and ferærðr, adj., four-oared. Cf. seksærin, sb.

*fradin [frādɩn], sb., fart; also disparagingly of something worthless; noted down in the foll. fragment of conversation from Fo.: Jarta, jarta! I’m gotten fjomtena kjosens, dearest (heart) mother! I have had fifteen kisses (a daughter’s statement to her mother after a dance). Yea, yea!^{[errata 9]} fjomtena fradins! (the mother’s answer). O.N. fretr, m., a fart. For a in fradin cf. O.N. frata, vb., = freta, to fart.

frae [frǣ] and fae [fǣ], prep., from, is L.Sc. “frae, fae”, but used adverbially = O.N. frá in some verbal exprs.: “say f(r)ae”, “tell f(r)ae”, to tell, O.N. segja frá (Fær. poet.) telja frá.

frae-say [frǣ··sɛ̄·], frae-sayin [frǣ··sɛ̄·ɩn], sb., a tale, narrative. O.N. frásaga and frásǫgn, f., a tale. Cf. frae-tale, sb., and “say frae”, vb.

frae-tale [frǣ··tɛl·], sb., a tale, rumour. Yⁿ. See the preceding word and cf. “tell frae”, Fær. telja frá (poet.) = siga frá, to tell.

frag (fragg) [frag (fräg), frāg], sb., a person or thing of value; a large portion: a) of people: a clever person; mostly negatively; he is nae [‘no’] f., he is good for nothing; U^wg. [frag], b) a valuable thing, esp. negatively; yon is nae f., that is worthless (U^wg.). c) a large portion; good bargain; he’s gotten (got) a f., he has made a good find or bargain; comm. ironically used, e.g.: Yon is a f., that is a great deal (applied to a worthless gift or find), = gløb¹; to førd awa [‘away’] ane’s f., to carry one’s booty into safety (see førd¹, vb.); N.Sh. (N.I.). — to mak’ a f. o’ a ting, a) to make a good profit out of something (partly ironically): N.Sh. (N.I., Nm., De., L.), Conn. b) rarely: to cause disorder, confusion (Y^h.). frāg and frăg: Y., Fe.; elsewhere comm.: frăg. Doubtless etym. to be classed with O.N. frakkr, adj., clever; active; bold, etc.; No. frak, frakk, adj., mostly negatively: ikkje f., not particularly good; Sw. dial. frak, frakk, adj., also = big; stately, Da. dial. frag, adj., big; strong; clever. Cf. Eng. dial. and L.Sc. frack, adj., ready; active, etc., besides the foll. (Shetl.) frakk, sb.

frakk [frak], sb., a feeble, delicate person. U. The word has prob., in consequence of ironical use, obtained a meaning opp. to the orig.; O.N. frakkr, adj., clever; active; brave; see further above under frag, sb., to which frakk seems to be allied. Cf. the syn. fræk [frǣ^ək], sb. Note, however, Icel. frakki, m., musty hay; worthless thing (B.H.).

fram [fram], adv., I) forward, in the foll. applications and phrases: 1) forwards to the stem of a boat, to geng f. 2) off or away from the shore, out to sea; a) to set ut f., to head towards the high seas (Y^h.); to geng f., to set out for deep-sea fishing (by boat) to the fishing-grounds farther off (see framhaf, sb.); b) of tide: he is f., it (the tide) is setting seawards; he is f. and sooth, f. and nort’, it is setting southwards, northwards (cf. fram-tide, sb.); c) f. wi’, (forwards) along, esp. in a straight line with something farther off or facing out to sea, of landmarks, situated at certain distances from each other, by which to find a fishing-ground (U^w.); see wi, prep. and adv. N.I., Fo. O.N. fram, adv., forwards, also seawards (f. 4, Fr.). II) forward, in the foll. applications: 1) forward in the stem of the boat; to sit or lie f.; hit [‘it’]’s lyin’ f. 2) far from land, out at sea, in the expr.: to be f., to be out at deep-sea fishing (by boat); “fram o’” = in front of, farther out at sea than; Johnie is f. o’ me (Fe.); N.I.; Fo. 3) in the game “to play holi” (a game consisting in driving small balls or round stones into holes): to be f., to be forward, to have got the stone (the ball) into the last hole in the row; to be a hole o’ f., to lack one hole of winning the game; N.I. O.N. frammi, adv., forward; in front.

framer [framər], adj. comp., (lying) farther out at sea, of fishing-grounds, opp. to “hemer”; de f. Sedek (sedek): U^wg., opp. to “de hemer Sedek”; see sedek², sb. O.N. framarri, adj. comp. (formed from fram, adv., forwards), farther on. See prec. fram, adv.

framhaf [fram··hāf·], sb., deep-sea fishing-grounds on the high seas, de f.; to geng to de f. = to geng fram. N.I., Fo. *fram-haf. See fram, adv., and haf, sb. “far haf” is now comm. used for framhaf (at any rate, outside the N.I. and Fo.). The farthest deep-sea fishing-grounds are occas. called “de foremost haf or ocean” (Y^h., Fe.).

fram [fram, fra‘m]-side, sb., fore-side, esp. of a vessel, boat: the side of a boat which faces the sea, de f.-s. o’ a boat. No. framsida, f., foreside.

*framstokk [fra‘m··stɔk·], sb., the foremost side of the bed, facing the room, now comm.: forstokk, “fore”-stokk [fōr··stɔk·]. L. (Vidlin). *fram-stokkr. See fram, adv., and stokk, sb.

fram [fram]-tide, sb., tide setting seawards (fram). N.I., Fo., Du. See fram, adv.

fram [fram]-tow, sb., a rope fastened to the stem of a boat, securing it. See fram, adv.

frek, sb., see fræk, sb.

frekl, vb., see fretl, vb.

fremd¹ [fræmd], sb., tabu-name, used by fishermen at sea in the foll. senses: 1) a head, esp. of fish; head of a fish, used for bait (U.); occas. also of the human head (U.; Yⁿ.); a pain i’ de f., headache (U.). 2) a young coalfish (piltek); prob. from the meaning: head; to glom a f., to take a (young) coalfish off the hook; Fe. 3) a high, steep point of land, “head” (Yⁿ.). Prop. something projecting or a forepart; deriv. of fram, adv. For the deriv. ending d, cf. O.N. fremd, f., with a diff. meaning (promotion, etc.).

fremd² [frɛmd, fræmd], sb., de f., foreign countries; to geng to de f. frend [frænd]: Du. See fremd, adj.

fremd [frɛmd, fræmd], adj., strange, not akin, opp. to frend, “friend”, kinsman; nedder [‘neither’] frend or [‘nor’] fremd. To be kept distinct from “un-kon”, strange, unknown. Icel. framandi, No. framand, Sw. främmande, Da. fremmed, L.Sc. frem, frem(m)yt, adj.

frend, friend [frend, frɩnd], sb., a kinsman, relative, = O.N. frændi, L.Sc. frend, friend, sb. Cf. blød-frind, sb.

frest, frist¹ [frest, frəst, frɩst], sb., respite; time spent in waiting; wait till dey (de lambs) ’re [‘have’] had a f. [frest], and dey ’ll eat de taatis [‘potatoes’] (Conn.). U., C. — O.N. frest, n., respite; delay; L.Sc. frest, frist, id. Easily confounded with the foll. frest, frist, sb.

frest, frist² [frest, frəst, frɩst], sb., poor attempt to carry out a piece of work; he’s made a (puir = poor) f. o’ it, he has made a poor job of it. Uⁿ. *freist-. Cf. O.N. freista, vb., to test; try; attempt; freistni, f., an attempt.

frest, frist¹ [frest, frəst, frɩst], vb., 1) vb. a., to delay; postpone; he’ll no [‘not’] f. it; he could no f. it ony langer [‘any longer’]; U. frisp [frɩsp]: Yⁿ. 2) vb. n., to have a respite; lat [‘let’] dem (de sheep) f. [frɩst] a while, let them (the sheep) rest a while (Fe.? acc. to J.I.). Reported from Conn. in sense of to wait. — O.N. fresta, vb., to delay; postpone. — Easily confounded with the foll. frest, frist, vb.

frest, frist² [frest, frəst, frɩst], vb., 1) to afford; I could no f. to dø [‘do’] it or to gi’e o’ it; Uⁿ.; doubtless, to attempt; try. 2) to dispense with; I canno [-‘not’] f. it; Uⁿ. — O.N. freista, vb., to test; try; to tempt. — Meaning 2 of frest, frist, has prob. developed from meaning 1, so that “I canno f. it” is an abbr. of “I canno f. to gi’e (o’) it”.

fret [frɛt (fret), fræt], vb., to rain slightly, mostly with a gentle wind; he’s fretin (ut o’ him), he begins (is beginnin’) to f. N.Sh., Wh. In Wh. fret is used in sense of blowing gently, together with a little rain, in the phrase “to f. and rain”. N.I.: frɛt; Nmⁿ.: frɛt, fret; Wh.: fræt. — O.N. freta, vb., to fart; cf. O.N. fretr, m., a puff of wind, and No. “fret” in “regnfret”, n., a slight shower.

fretl, fretel [frætəl, fræⁱtəl], vb., 1) vb. n., to mutter to oneself below one’s breath; a fretlin body; N.Roe [frætəl], 2) vb. a., to scatter to the four winds of heaven; he freteld it awa, he frittered away his earnings; Uⁿ. [fræⁱtəl]. From U^wg. is reported frekl, frekel [frækəl], vb. n., in sense of to be wasted; to dwindle (quickly) away; hit [‘it’] is freklin awa. — *fretla, vb., from O.N. freta, vb., to fart. Fær. fretla, vb., to emit a blowing or puffing sound; No. frata and fratla, vb., to crackle. The meanings given under fretl 2 and frekl prob. orig. from older meanings as: to let puff away, let drift before a puff of wind.

fretla [frætla], sb., a woman in the habit of talking to herself; esp. as a nickname: Fretla. N.Roe. Deriv. of fretl, vb. 1.

frett, sb., see frøtt, sb.

friend, sb., see frend, sb.

†frig(g) [frɩg], sb., 1) a person ingratiating himself with others. 2) a person continually trifling with his work without making progress. U. See frig(g), vb.

†frig(g) [frɩg], vb., 1) to try to ingratiate oneself with others, to hang on, to f. aboot ane. 2) to trifle with little or no result, to f. aboot de wark [‘work’]. U. — *frig- or *frik-? Doubtless connected with Eng. *frig, vb., to be in restless motion; to rub, etc., friggle, vb., to toy; gad; trifle with some work (dial.), and with No. frikla (frokla), vb., to caress; sniff; wag; play.

Friggati-sura [frɩg··ati·-sūra], sb., the name for a sorceress (in a myth). Y^h. The first part of the compd. poss. contains the ancient name of the goddess “Friga”. Cf.(?) No. frigga, f., big, coarse woman.

frisk [frisk], sb., a tangled tuft of hair; frisks o’ hair, tangled tufts of hair. N.Roe., Fe., U. Cf. Fær. frís- in frísa, vb., to dishevel the hair, and frísutur, adj., dishevelled, having dishevelled hair or tangled curls.

frisk [frisk], vb., to entangle; to dishevel; to f. de hair. N.Roe., Fe., U. From an orig. *frísa. See frisk, sb., and frisket, adj.

frisket [friskət], adj., knotty, tangled, of hair. N.Roe., Fe., U. Deriv. of frisk, sb.

frislet [frɩslət], adj., dishevelled, tangled (of curly hair). L. Merging of: a) *frís-, see Fær. frísa, vb., and frísutur, adj., under frisk, sb., and b) Eng. frizzled, perf. part. Cf. frisket, adj.

frisp, vb., see frest¹, vb.

frist ^{1 and 2}, sb., see frest ^{1 and 2}, sb.

frist^{1 and 2}, vb., see frest ^{1 and 2}, vb.

fritl, frittel? or frotl, frottel? [frətəl, frətəᶅ], sb., offended mood; dislike; rancour; he’s ta’en [‘has taken’] some f. against dem, he has taken a dislike to them, has become offended with them. U. Seems to be a deriv. of frott, sb.; q.v.

fritt, sb., see frøtt, sb.

*fro, prep., from. Hildina-ballad; The Lord’s Prayer. With the governed word in dat.: fro liene, from the war (Hild. third v.), fro adlu idlu, from all evil (Lord’s Prayer). O.N. frá, prep. (with dat.), from. In Shetl. now comm. “frae, fae”, in accordance with L.Sc.

fro¹ [frō], sb., 1) seed of a plant; anthers in a flower, esp.: a) of the so-called “John’s-mass-flooers [‘flowers’], John’s-mass-girs [‘grass’] or John’s-mass-pairs”, English plantain, from the projecting stamens of which an omen for one’s future is deduced on midsummer-night; b) on corn: de f. o’ de corn; c) on rushes: de f. o’ de flos. Also frø [frø̄]. Y^h. 2) metaph. of: a) down, scraped off a feather, de f. o’ a fedder [‘feather’], and b) wood-shavings. Y^h. — O.N. fræ and frjó, n., seed. — fro rather points back to “fræ” than to “frjó” acc. to phonetic rules in Shetl.; frø, on the other hand, points to “frjó”.

fro² [frō] and frod [frōd, frō^əd], sb., froth, foam, esp. sea-foam, de f. o’ de sea; also foam from a boat or ship at full speed. fro: Y^h. More comm.: frod. O.N. froða, f. (frauð, n.), froth, foam. Cf. froti, sb.

frod [frōd, frō^əd], vb., to froth, foam; de milk frods (in churning); he was frodin (at de mooth), he was foaming with rage. *froða. No. froda, vb., to froth, foam.

frodi, frod-y [frōdi, frō^ədi], adj., frothy, foamy. The mode of pronunc. indicates that the word is formed from frod, sb., and is not directly Eng. frothy, adj.

frogg [frȯg], sb., offals of fish, thrown away. U. Cf. Icel. frugg, n. (E.J.) and f. (B.H.), poor, mouldy hay..

frolik [frolɩk], sb., an old, magic rigmarole or formula; auld [‘old’] froliks. N.I. Prob. orig. from O.N. fróðleikr, m., prop. knowledge, but also knowledge of witchcraft; learning; cf. O.N. frœði, n., a) knowledge; b) magic formula. Shetl. frolik(s) can hardly be derived from Eng. frolic, sb., as the deriv. of fróðleikr is supported: a) by the given special meanings of “fróðleikr” and “frœði”; b) by the occurrence of fron, sb., q.v., syn. with the Shetl. frolik. Cf. also frøtt, sb.

fromli [frōmli], adj., neat; orderly, opp. to the more comm. ufrum(ma)li, un-fromli, adj. Yⁿ. No. frum, adj., superɩor; excellent; clever.

†froms, sb., see frums, sb.

†fromset, adj., see frumset, adj.

fron [frō^ən], sb., superstition; superstitious ceremony; magic formula; a auld [‘old’] f. Uⁿ. Prob. a deriv. of *fróð- (O.N. fróðr, adj., well-informed, learned; fróðleikr, m., and frœði, n., knowledge; learning; in special meaning: knowledge of witchcraft, and magic formula); see above frolik, sb. For the ending -n cf. Sw. dial. från, m., genius; sense (Ri.), likewise derived from “fróð-”.

Frona [frō^əna], sb., name for a (black-) spotted cow, having a white head and black-spotted forehead (round the eyes). Fe. *Frána, *Fræna. See fronet, adj. Cf. Ferna.

fronet [frō^ənət], adj., of an animal, esp. a cow: black-spotted, with a white head and black-spotted forehead (round the eyes); a f. coo. Fe. *fránóttr = *frænóttr. Fær. frænóttur, frænutur [fræa··nót·ȯr], adj., pied (Fær. Anth. II, vocabulary). Cf. No. “fræning” in “gulfræning”, m., a serpent (viper) having yellowish spots, and “raudfræning”, m., a ruddy-faced, freckled person. — A form fernet [fē^ərnət] for an older *frenet from *fræn- is reported from N.Roe; see fernet adj. fronet may either be derived from an orig. *fránóttr or be a “*frænóttr” with a later dropped i[r]-mutation. Alternation of á and æ is found in O.N. fránn, Icel. fránn and frænn, Fær. *frænur, adj., glittering (frænarormur = No. Fraanarormen, poet.).

fross¹ [frȯᶊ], sb., 1) long, thick, dishevelled hair or beard; a great f. o’ hair; Sa. 2) bunch, cluster, spreading out; a f. o’ flooers [‘flowers’]. Du. — Prob. from *frons by assimilation of ns to ss, and the same word as No. fruns, m., a tassel; bristling tufts of hair.

fross², frosj [frȯᶊ], sb., 1) a spitting with a sputtering sound; de f. o’ a cat. U. 2) froth, foam, rising from the stem of a boat or ship at full speed; shø [‘she’, = de boat] is settin’ or sendin’ a f. afore her. See fross, frosj, vb.

fross, frosj [frȯᶊ(ᶊ)], vb., 1) to spit with a sputtering sound; a frossin cat; de cat frosses (is frossin) at dee; to f. ut so, to spit out half-boiled, chewed limpets on the sea in order to allure the fish. 2) to froth, foam (from the stem) of a boat or ship at full speed; de boat is frossin (frosjin) = de boat is settin (sendin) a fross (frosj) afore her. *frussa? Icel. frussa, vb., to snort; O.N. (and Mod. Icel.) frýsa, vb., id.; No. frøsa, vb., to snort; sputter; gush; Fær. froysa, vb., to sputter; emit froth.

froti [froti, frɔti], sb., froth, foam from a boat or ship at full speed; de boat is settin’ de f. fae [‘from’] her. Nm^s. (Bard.). The same word as frod and fro² [O.N. froða], sb., with hardening of d to t. For t from d, orig. ð, in Shetl. Norn, see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 29, the end.

frotset [frȯtsət, frətsət], adj., peevish; sulky, from the pl. form frotts, see below frott, sb. Orig. prob. *frottet; cf. No. frottutt, adj., sulky, and Sw. dial. frutt, fruttun, adj., sullen; malicious.

frott [frȯt and comm.: frət], sb., esp. in pl. (frotts) in the expr.: to tak’ de frotts, to feel offended and become peevish; he’s ta’en [‘taken’] de frotts, he is sulking. N.Roe. Cf. No. frott and frutt, m., protruding lips, frottutt, adj., sulky, frutta and frytta, vb., to sulk; O.N. frotta, vb., to protrude the lips(?). Shetl. frott(s) merges with fret(s) [fræt(s)] in the same sense as Eng. fret, sb. The pronunc. “frət(s)” may arise either from “frott-” or “fret”.

†frou, sb., see fru, sb.

fru [frū], sb., tabu-name, sea-term, used by fishermen at sea for woman; wife. U. O.N. frú, f., mistress of the house; a lady. The form frou [frɔu, fråu] (U.), however, is more common than fru. frou is prob. borrowed from Dut. (vrouw). Note, however, that already in O.N., “frov, fro(u)va” = frú, is found as a word borrowed from Germ.

frumli, adj., in the compds. ufrumli, ufrummali; see fromli, adj.

†frums [fro‘ms] and froms [frɔ‘ms, frȯ‘ms], sb., peevish, fretful mood; esp. in pl. (frumses, fromses); to tak’ de frumses, to feel offended without cause. Besides “frums, froms”, are found such forms as frumps [fro‘mps], fromps [frȯ‘mps] and frimps [frə‘mps]; in a f.; to tak’ a f. = to tak’ de frumses. frimps (fromps, frumps) is used also in sense of tossing one’s head contemptuously; shø [‘she’] turned her wi’ a f. The origin of the word in Shetl. is uncertain. It can be referred partly to No. frynsa, vb., to turn up one’s nose; to sulk, partly to Eng. frump, sb., used in Shetl. in a similar sense to frums, in which word m, at any rate, seems to come from “frump”. Or might “frum(p)s”, etc., really be the pl. of Eng. frump, and later (on account of the freq. used pl. form) be regarded as sing. in Shetl.

†frums [fro‘ms], vb., to be fretful, peevish, to f. at ane.

†frumset [fro‘msət] and fromset [frɔm‘sət, frȯ‘msət], adj., peevish; fretful. Nm. Deriv. of frums, froms, sb.

fræk [frǣ^ək], sb., a feeble, delicate person, = frakk. U^wg. N.Roe. A form frek [frēk, frē^ək] is reported from De. fræk may orig. either a) from O.N. frœk- (frœkleikr, m., courage; dauntlessness; frœkinn and frœkn, adj., courageous; able, No. frøk, adj., clever; strong), or b) from O.N. frekr, adj., greedy, voracious; harsh, which in No. (frek, fræk) and occas. in Sw. dial. (fräk) is found in the same sense as “frak, frakk”, adj., clever, kind, etc. frek may doubtless be referred to “frekr”. fræk, frek has, like frakk, acquired a meaning opposite to the original, prob. through ironic use. See further frag(g) and frakk, sbs.

frø [frø̄], sb., seed; anthers (on flowers). Y^h. O.N. frjó (and fræ), n., seed. See fro¹, sb. frøtt [frøt (frət)], sb., 1) soothsaying (combined with old phrases and formulas), esp. by an old, wise woman. 2) superstitious belief, customs and spells; auld [‘old’] frøtts. N.I. Also, esp. in meaning 2: frett, fritt [fret, frət], comm. in pl. (fretts, fritts). The word is found in L.Sc., viz.: “freit, fret”, superstitious belief or observance (Jam.), orig. from O.N. frétt, f., questioning, and in a more restricted sense: a) consultation of the oracle, and finding the will of the gods; b) (Icel., acc. to B.H. and K.Q.) oracle, response^{[errata 10]} of an oracle; but meaning 1 of Shetl. frøtt, (oracular) soothsaying, not found in Jam., may indicate that the word in Shetl. originates directly from O.N. frétt. — frøtteri [frøt··əri, frət··əri·], sb. (collect.), = frøtts, sb. pl. — frøtti [frøti, frəti], adj., in the phrase: a auld [‘old’] f. sayin’, a phrase or formula used in soothsaying, esp. by an old, wise woman.

*†fu [fū, fô], sb., a flame; fire; to tak’ fu, to ignite, to take fire, formed in accordance with Eng. “to take fire”. Ai. (Clousta). “fu” is hardly the root in O.N. funi, m., and O.N. fúrr, m., fire, both of these words being formed by derivation. The word then might be either: a) an abbr. of “funi” or “fúrr” — these two words are handed down in Shetl. as part of the fishermen’s tabu-lang. (see fona, sb., and *furin, sbs.) — or: b) Fr. feu, fire, taken as a loan-word in Shetl. with change of vowel (Mod. Fr. eu [ø] almost Shetl. ø).

Fuda [fūda, fuda], sb., the name for a black cow with white legs, or conversely. Fo. *Fóta; deriv. of O.N. fótr, m., foot; leg. Cf. fudin, sb.

“fudaburda”, sb., appearing in the foll. context in “Da Tief i’ da Neean” (Shetland Times 1879): “at idder [‘other’] times sic [‘such’] feelings prove de f. o’ de strongest affections”, “fudaburda” is explained as: “beginning, foundation”. Ai.? Prob. a corruption of firebord, sb., a foreboding, which is also found noted down in the form fidebord. “fudaburda o’” really: “foreboding or witness of”.

fudin [fūdin, fudin], sb., a cat, tabu-name, sea-term, used by fishermen. C., Wests., Nm. (Nm^w.). Y. (Y^h.). “fūdin”, with a long u, is reported from Conn.; otherwise comm. “fudin” with a short u. The word is also noted down as: a) fudiin [fud··iɩn·, fud··iən·]: M.Roe, U^wg.; b) fjodin [fjȯdin]: W.; c) futin, futen: Yⁿ. [futɩn], Wests. occas., Nm. occas., De. [futən]; d) futer [futər]: Wests. occas., Nm. occas.; e) futek [futək] (locality uncertain). — Prob.: *fótingr = *fœtingr in sense of light-foot, derived from O.N. fótr, m., a foot. Other forms, such as fittin [fətin] (L., N., etc., Fo. occas.), fitter [fətər] and “four-fitter” (Papa St., etc.) are, with regard to the vowel-sound, influenced by L.Sc. “fit”, sb., foot. For fittek, fitter, as a sea-term, tabu-name, for mouse, see under fotlin, sb.

“*fugga”, sb., fire (tabu-name). E.D.D. with Louis Lucien Bonaparte’s collection of Shetl. words as the source. Not confirmed. If the word is correct, it may be from O.N. føykir (feykir), m., a poetic word for fire; or Lat. focus?

fugle-ca’ [fog··ləkā·, fog·ləkā·], sb., a great flock, driven or crowded together, e.g. sheep; also a flock of birds or a crowd of people. Occas. in the form “fogle [fȯg·lə]-ca’”. N.Roe. Orig. doubtless a flock of birds, in which case fugle- is O.N. fugla, gen. pl. of fugl, m., a bird. “ca’” (L.Sc.) denotes in Shetl. a flock, being driven along, a ca’ o’ sheep, a ca’ o’ hwals [‘whales’] = a grind o’ hwals (a flock of ‘caaing’ whales); L.Sc. ca’ (caw, call), vb., to drive.

fuglekavi [fog··ləkā·vi], sb., dense snow-storm. Rare. Nm^w. Cf. No. fykla, fyklesnjova, vb., to snow in scattered, downy flakes.

ful [ful], sb., bird, to fly like de f. o’ de air (N.I.). O.N. fugl, m., fowl. — In place-names the word is found in the form fugl [fogl]: Fuglaberg [fog··labærg·] (Lunna Ness, L.): *fuglaberg; Fuglali [fog··lali·] (Y^h.): *fuglahlíð; Fuglanes [fog··lanɛs·] (W. Burra): *fuglanes; Fuglaskerri [fog··laskær·i] (Papa St.): *fuglasker. The lake-name “Fugla [fogla]-water” (Lunna Ness, L., Yⁿ.) doubtless contains the old name of a stream, Fugl-.

ful [fūl, ful], adj., 1) foul; unclean; O.N. fúll, adj. 2) angry; annoyed; to get f. o’ ane, to become annoyed with someone; No. ful, adj., foul, inter alia also angry; hot-headed; bitter.

fuldju, fulju (fulgju), sb., see folgju, sb.

†fullek [fol(l)ək] and †fillek [fəl(l)ək], sb., full force; full speed; de boat or de tide is gaun [‘going’] wi’ a f.; de f. o’ de tide, a fullek o’ tide, the tide at its highest. U. Eng. dial. fullock, sb., denotes a violent jerk; sudden, heavy fall; blow, thus indicating something more sudden than the Shetl. fullek. The Shetl. fullek, fillek really denotes “fulness”, movement at its highest, but is prob. a modernism.

fuml, fumel [foməl (fuməl)], vb., 1) to fumble; to f. i’ de dark. 2) to bungle, leave a piece of work half done; to f. at a ting. No. fumla, vb., to fumble; grab, also to bungle. Sw. dial. fumla, vb., to bungle. From fuml is formed fumli, fuml-y [fomli], adj., applied to work: badly or half done, and fumler [fomlər], sb., a fumbler.

fumli [fomli], adj., big, unshapely, gross in appearance; a f. body [‘person’]. Nm.; De. *fumpligr? Cf. No. fump, m., a stout, stiff, heavy figure, and fumpeleg, adj., clumsy (applied to shape and appearance).

*fumtan, num., see *fjomtan.

funder [fondər], sb., 1) a find, esp. of some trifling object; a piri (small) f. Du. 2) a trifle, a piri f. Ai., Du. fonder [fȯndər, fɔ̇ndər] (Conn.), a piri f., = funder 2. O.N. fundr and fyndr, m., a find. Cf. finder, sb.

fungli [foŋgli], adj., 1) big, of proper height and stoutness, full-figured; a f. piece o’ bait, a f. body [‘person’]. N.I., Nm. Also funglin [foŋglɩn]: Fe. 1) generous; open-handed (U^wg.). “funglie-foo, -fu”, adj., is given by Edm. in sense of “obliging, generous”. fungli 1 might poss. be associated with No. funk, m., thick-set figure, and funken, adj., unshapely, = fumpeleg. The meaning of these words, however, does not correspond to fungli 2 and “funglie-foo”, just as the root-meaning of “funk, fump”, bundle, lump, does not quite correspond to fungli in sense of proper height and stoutness. The different meanings of fungli are more easily explained from an orig. *fangligr, derivative of O.N. fang, n.; see Shetl. fang, sb., and cf. O.N. fengiligr, adj., advantageous; beneficial; valuable (in úfengiligr), No. faafeng(je)leg, adj., unsuitable. The invariably close o-sound in fungli is, however, in that case, somewhat remarkable. In fungli 1 and 2 two different words may possibly be merged. See fumli, adj., which, however, differs in meaning from fungli.

funk [fo‘ŋk], sb., 1) dense smoke with sparks of fire. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe); S.Sh. (Conn.). Also fjunk [fjo‘ŋk] (N.Roe). 2) great heat from the fire on the hearth, a f. o’ het [‘heat’]. Du. In this sense also in an extended form funksen, funksjen [fo‘ŋkᶊən], a f. o’ het. Du. — From the root “fun-” (fire)? See fona, sb., and below, funk, vb. funks(j)en is poss. a *funks-: a *funk with addition of s. — funk [fo‘ŋk], fonk [fɔ‘ŋk], fjunk [fjo‘ŋk], fjonk [fjɔ‘ŋk] are also found in sense of vapour; stink; nauseous or mouldy smell (Uⁿ.: funk; Ai.: fonk; S.Sh.: fjunk, fjonk), but, in these senses, the word springs from Eng. funk, sb. In sense of the state of being offended, funk comes from Eng. dial.

funk [fo‘ŋk], vb., 1) vb. n., of fire: to send forth sparks, or dense smoke mingled with sparks; the fire is funkin. C. 2) vb. a., to poke the fire to make it blaze, to f. op de fire (= to burt). C. — Poss. from fun- in O.N. funi, m., fire, Shetl. fona (q.v.). Cf. Da. dial. (Jut.) funke, vb., of fire: to burn brightly with sputtering sparks, Germ. funke, m., a spark, and funken, vb., to sparkle, twinkle, M.Eng. funke, sb., a small fire, as well as Sw. dial. funka, vb., to shine; glitter.

*furin [fūrɩn?], sb., fire, sea-term, tabu-name, used by fishermen. Barclay: foorin. O.N. fúrr, m., fire, esp. poetically (cf. Germ.^{[errata 11]} feuer, Da. fyr). -in, in furin, is the old def. art.; furin — *fúrrinn.

furtel [fu‘rtəl], sb., a disparaging term used of an odd, ugly-looking thing of little value, esp. of an old thing; a auld [‘old’] f., a great f. U^wg. Poss. to be referred to O.N. furða, f., a wonder, something strange; Icel. furða, f., a strange thing. For a change rð > rt in Shetl. Norn, see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 29, the end, and cf. e.g. bort, gart, wart, sbs.

fusk [fosk], sb., fish, a jocular term; really a tabu-name, used by fishermen: we’re gotten plenty o’ f. Sa^e., Ai^w. From O.N. fiskr, m., fish. — In Fo. the word is handed down with an i [ɩ]-sound; see *fisk¹, sb.

fusom [fūsɔm], adj., eager, industrious worker; a guid [‘good’] f. body or party [‘person’]. Conn. O.N. fúss, adj., eager for; desirous; No. and Sw. dial. fus, Fær. fúsur, adj., also: fiery; eager; agile. Though fusom differs entirely in meaning from a) L.Sc. fowsum, fousum, adj., = Eng. fulsome, and from b) L.Sc. fowsum, adj., somewhat too large, it has, however, been influenced in form by these words through the added suffix -om.

fust [fust], vb., to go hastily; to geng fustin. Fe. Prob. a deriv. of *fusa; No. fusa, Da. fuse, vb., to rush on hastily. Cf. føst, vb.

fuster¹ [fustər], sb., contemptuous term, appl. to a person: a bad fellow, etc. Fo.? No. fusse, m., means, partly a bungler, partly a tramp; a filthy fellow, etc.

fuster² [fustər, fostər], sb., an eddy; foaming sea, esp. foam from the stem of a vessel at full speed; “to set de f. afore her”, of a boat or ship: to go hastily through the water (causing foam to rise before the stem); de f. f(r)ae a ba, spray dashing up from waves breaking on a skerry. N.I., Fo. Deriv. of *fusa; No. fusa, vb., to gush forth violently (R.); Fær. fussa, vb., id. — fuster is found as a place-name, a) e.g. in: de Brimfuster [brɩm·fos·tər] (Ramnagjo, U^s.), a rocky strip of coast with heavy surf; “de Golifuster [gol·ifus··tər]” (West Nips, Yⁿ.), a rock in the sea with heavy surf; Fustergjo [fus··tərgjo·] (Lunna Ness, L.); b) in “de Fustra [fūstra]” (U^wg.), a sunken rock with heavy surf.

fuster [fustər], vb., to go about in a wild, noisy manner, to f. aboot, to geng fusterin. U. Deriv. of *fusa; see above fust, vb., and fuster², sb.

fusti [fusti]-ba’, sb., = fisti-ba’; q.v. N.I.

futek, futer, futin, see fudin, sb.

futer [futər, fôtər], vb., to check; prevent; stand in one’s way; he futerd me; I futerd him. Uⁿ. — Is most prob. O.N. fatra, vb., to delay; prevent, with change of vowel in the main syllable. Might also stand for *furt from *furd, *ford, by metathesis of r and the foll. consonant. The metathesis, in that case, doubtless arose in the past tense: futerd from an older *furted, *furded. For the change rð > rt in Shetl. Norn, see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII) § 29, the end, and cf. e.g. gart, sb., from O.N. garðr. O.N. forða, vb., to move; carry ɩnto safety (from); to keep one from something; Fær. forða, vb., a) to rescue; b) to prevent; hinder.

futi [fôti] and fitti [fəti], sb., a stocking-foot, knitted woollen shoe. Wests. futi: Fo. fitti: Sa. fitti is, in any case, a mod. form (L.Sc. and Shetl. fit, sb., a foot); futi is prob. older. The word itself is doubtless ancient; cf. Sw. dial. föte (förföt) and fötling, m., a stocking-foot, and No. fötla, f., id.

futli, sb., see fotlin, fotlek, sb.

føger [føgər], sb., fishermen’s tabu-name for the sun; de f., really, the fair one. U^b. See further feger (and foger), sb.

*føn, sb., fire (tabu-name). In Edm.: “fūn, fire (u as in French)”. See fona, sb.

førd [fø̄rd, fø̄^ərd], sb., 1) hurry; dey were upon a great f., they were in a great hurry. 2) an unsuccessful expedition or result, = misførd; hit [‘it’] cam’ till a f., it did not succeed; I cam’ till a f. (misf.), I met with a misfortune. Fe. Seems to have arisen by mingling of O.N. ferð, f., and O.N. fǫr, f., a journey. See further ferd¹, ford² and fori, sbs.

førd¹ [fø̄rd, førd], vb. a., to convey; carry, esp. something heavy, or ironically used of something trifling; to f. a heavy burden, to carry a heavy burden; to f. awa [‘away’] ane’s frag(g), to carry one’s booty into safety; also in the phrase: “du ’ll f., as du finns”, you most content yourself with what you have or get, really, you bring home and put aside, acc. to that which you find U. (U^wg.). — O.N. fœra, vb., to ferry; to bring. For d in førd see the note under ford² and førd, sbs. Cf. also førd², vb. n. — Poss. infl. from O.N. forða, vb., to move; bring to a safe place, No. forda, vb., to convey, move. See for¹, ford² and fori, sbs.

førd² [fø̄rd], vb. n., 1) to wander; in a fisherman’s verse from U.:. . . de ali grontjels wis [‘was’ — were] førdin aboot de fire, the sucking pigs wandered about the fire (the fire-place) (U^b.). 2) a) to get on or along in a certain manner, esp. in conjunction with “weel” [‘well’], more rarely with “ill” [‘badly’]; he førded weel, he was well received. Occas. passively: he was weel førded, he was well treated and entertained. Fe. b) to thrive; to f. weel, to thrive well. Fe. — førd 1 springs from O.N. ferðask, vb., to travel, førd 2 from O.N. fara, vb., to fare, fara vel, to fare well, to be successful in one’s expedition. For the mingling of the forms see ford², fori and førd, sbs., as well as førd¹, vb.

føst [føst], vb., to make great haste. Fe. Either from *føysa (No. føysa, Sw. dial. fösa, vb., to drive hastily onwards), or poss. a parallel form to fust. See fust, vb.

 

1. Original: in was amended to in: detail
2. Original: fatsǫturr was amended to fatstǫturr: detail
3. Original: losing its coat was amended to losing its coat: detail
4. Original: equilibrating was amended to hovering: detail
5. Original: sea-bassin was amended to sea-basin: detail
6. Original: moulting was amended to shedding: detail
7. Original: forsokken was amended to forsukken: detail
8. Original: whit was amended to with: detail
9. Original: Aye, aye! was amended to Yea, yea!: detail
10. Original: reponse was amended to response: detail
11. Original: L.Germ. was amended to Germ.: detail