An Etymological Dictionary of the Norn Language in Shetland/H

by Jakob Jakobsen

H.

†ha’ [hâ], sb., a grotto, rocky cavern, = heller. N.Roe. May prob. be a running together of a) the common ha’ = L.Sc. “ha’” from Eng. hall, and b) Shetl. *hall (the root in heller), which in place-names is occas. found in sense of rocky cavern; cleft in a rocky wall.

habagoitlek [hab·agȯi‘t·lək], sb., a miserable dwelling, a hut; a miserable h. Yⁿ. A compd. The second part goitlek is prob. a derivative, formed from O.N. kot, n., a hut, and the dim. ending -lek; cf. høslek, “small house”, as a tabu-name (sea-term) for booth, fisherman’s hut. The first part haba- is poss. an abbr. of an Eng. word, beginning “habit-” in sense of a dwelling, such as: habitacle, habitance, habitation.

habbi-gabbi [hab··igab·i], sb. and adv., noted down in foll. collocations and applications: a) to play h., to throw up a stone and try to catch it when it falls down again, a boy’s game; also of throwing with two stones instead of one, or with other small objects (e.g. potatoes), which one throws into the air and tries to catch again. Prob. the word really denotes haphazard, chance. 2) throwing for a scramble, e.g. coins; to kast h., to throw for a scramble among a crowd. Thus Edm. The root-meaning doubtless also here is “(at) haphazard, (by) chance”, habbigabbi then prob. represents a habbi-*glabbi from an old “*happ ok glapp” (O.N. happ, n., good luck, and glapp, n., a mishap; a chance shot, etc.); cf. No. “paa haap og glaap”, at haphazard (R. under “glopp”), Icel. “með höppum og glöppum”, with varied fortune, according to chance, Sw. dial. häppegläpp, m., by chance or haphazard. For the Shetl. form habbi, cf. Sw. dial. habba-lykka, f., chance, and “habba sig”, vb., to chance to, = happa sig.

had [had], sb., 1) a hold; grip. 2) a grip; handle; ear on a straw-basket (kessi); see hadkessi, sb. 3) a place (esp. a swamp) where one can catch the horses in the out-field. L.Sc. form: had = hald, hauld, sb., a hold, etc. O.N. hald, n., a hold, grip; No., Icel. and Fær. hald, n., also a handle, ear. In other senses, such as refuge, hiding-place, lair (otter’s had), had is L.Sc.

had¹ [had], vb., to hold; keep. L.Sc. form: had, hauld. O.N. halda, vb., to hold. For an old Shetl. imp. form halt from the obsolete *hald, vb., q.v. Shetl. had in the impf. (pret.) is: høld [høld], in perf. part.: hadden [hadən]. — to h. a hus, to keep house. to h. jøl, to keep Christmas. “h. dee [hadi]” or “h. dy hand!” stop that! hold your hand! h. dy hands! let me alone! (Uⁿ.). h. (dy) peace! keep quiet! (Uⁿ.). h. dee at dee! move aside a little! see flit, vb. h. dee gaun [‘going’]! be off! (Du.), h. dee still! a) be silent; b) stand still! stop! wait a little! (Conn.; Sandw.; Du.). In sense of to steer; head; to set off in a certain direction (to h. nort’, sooth, against, etc.), had corresponds to O.N. halda, inter alia to head, to set off in a certain direction (h. 15: Fr.); cf. below h. fram, in, till, ut. In sense of to maintain, mean, had corresponds to O.N. as well as to Eng. to h. gaun [‘going’], to handle roughly; tofling aside, when searching for something, prop. “to keep going” (Fe.). In some places had is often used in a special sense: to have assistance from neighbours (at fixed times and by turns), esp. at field-work, digging by spade, peat-cutting, mowing (esp. grass), also in certain indoor work (woollen work, spinning); dey’re gaun [‘going’] to h. de morn [‘to-morrow’], they will have helping hands (neighbours) to-morrow (Uⁿ.). “hadin’”, pres. part., is to be noted in the expr. “a sheep-hadin’ dyke”, a fence high enough to prevent sheep from getting into cultivated fields (Fe.). — In conn. with prep. and adv., had is used in several meanings and applications, handed down from O.N. (halda): h. aff, to stop the executing of something; to desist from = Fær. halda av. — h. at: a) see prec.; b) to persist eagerly in an undertaking, also L.Sc.; cf. “lay at”. — h. f(r)ae, to steer away or aside, to draw off (from the wind), = No. and Fær. halda undan. — h. fram, to head towards the high seas; see fram, adv. — h. in, to pull towards the shore (Y^h.). — h. on: to stop; h. on a bit! Icel. halda á, a) to keep back; b) to endure; to hold on, = Icel. and Fær. halda á; cf. “h. ut, h. wi’”. — h. op: a) to support for life, to h. ane [‘one’] op (Uⁿ.); cf. O.N. halda (einhverjum) uppi, a) to uphold something or other; b) to cease, esp. of rain; to continue fair for a time (Uⁿ.); he’ll may be h. op for a while, there will possibly be a lull in the rainy weather, it will doubtless be fine for a while; will he h. op lang? are we going to have dry weather for a time? O.N. halda upp, inter alia to keep back, to stop, No. and Fær. halda upp, to cease; to hold up. — h. till: a) to frequent; to stay (in a place), = No. and Fær. halda til; b) to last, to continue to be the same; foo [‘how’] is du hadin’ till? (Uⁿ.); c) to head, to set off in a certain direction; hwar [‘where’] is du hadin’ till noo [‘now’]? see prec. had; d) h. till and h. tø [‘to’], to keep shut, = L.Sc. hald to, Sw. hålla till. — h. ut, to endure; hold out, No. halda ut, Fær. halda út, Sw. hålla ut. Cf. the foll. “had wi’ (a)”, which poss. is an earlier expr. in Shetl. — h. wi’: a) to endure; to hold out; go on; I’ll h. sae [‘so’] wi’ (Sa.); O.N. halda (haldask) við, to hold out; b) to agree with; to consent, to h. wi’ ane (Uⁿ.), = O.N. halda með einhverjum, Fær. halda við einun. — Perf. part. hadden [hadən] is occas. used, esp. in conn. with “weel”[‘well’] and “ill” [‘badly’], in a special sense: a) in a certain state or position, a. weel-hadden man, a man in a good position, well off; b) entertained, treated well or ill, weel or ill hadden. Cf. O.N. “vel (illa) haldinn”, well (badly) off; in a good (bad) position; well (ill) entertained or treated.

had² [hād], vb., to brand or treat someone as a dishonest person, esp. as a thief; perf. part.: hadet [hādət], branded or treated as a dishonest person, as a thief. N.I. (Y.). Prob. No. hata, vb., to persecute, etc. (prop. to hate, O.N. hata). Cf. hader² and hadersvisi, sbs., as well as hater, vb. In the same sense as had² is found the more common hød², vb.; q.v.

hader¹ [hadər], sb., sea-term, tabu-name for fishing-hook, prop. a “holder” (one that holds). S.Sh. (Shannerwick). From had¹, vb., to hold.

hader² [hādər], sb., 1) a tiny, poor fish. Yⁿ.; cf. hadersvisi, sb. 2) sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for fish. Y^h. — Prop. something (constantly) pursued? Prob. an old *hatr, n , with radical r; cf. No. hatra, vb., = hata, vb., constantly to persecute, try to exterminate, Shetl. hadrage, sb., a miserable animal, as well as hater², vb., to bully; to persecute.

hadersvisi, -vissi [hā·dərsvɩᶊ·ɩ], sb., a stunt; a miserable, lean animal. Yⁿ. A compd. For the first part see prec. under hader², sb. The second part is poss. to be classed with O.N. visinn, adj., withered; dried up; cf. No. visa, f., a weak and languid, somewhat withered person.

hadi-band [had··iband· (hā··dibānd·)], sb., cross-beam under the thwart of a boat, = fastiband and bekk; q.v. had··iband·: not uncomm.; hā··dibānd·: Conn. A parallel form hadaband [had··aband·] is reported from C. *hald-band. See band, sb. 3.

hadimer, sb., see hedemu, sb.

hadin [hadin], sb., “holding” or “hold”: assistance from neighbours with some work or other on a fixed day, e.g. at field-labour (delving with spade); a h. o’ dellers [‘delvers’]; also of the feast held on this occasion. “I was come to see, if du could winn to my h.”, I have come to see if you could be one of my helpers (Uⁿ.). From had¹, vb., to hold; see further under that word.

had-kessi [had··kɛᶊ·ɩ (-keᶊ·ɩ)], sb., a large straw-basket, kessi, with handles on each side. Papa St. *hald-kessa. O.N. (No., Icel., Fær.) hald, n., a grip, handle. had is a L.Scottish form.

hadrage(?) [hādredᶎ], sb., a miserable, bony animal. Y., Fe. See hader² and hadersvisi, sbs.

hads [hads], interj., a shout by which a dog is set on sheep: at him! Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). See hauts (hawots).

ha’e [hǣ, hɛ̄], vb., to have; a L.Scottish form. The word is used in Shetl. in some special Northern (O.N., Norn) exprs. corresponding to O.N. “hafa” or No. and Fær. hava; thus: 1) to bring; carry; move, to ha’e awa hem [‘away home’], in, ut, etc. Thus comm. O.N. hafa. 2) to talk; to spread a rumour; dey ha’e it, at . . . .there is a rumour afloat, that . . . .(Fe.); cf. O.N. hafa eitthvat, to remark about something, = hafa orð um eitthvat; Fær. hava á orði, á munni, to mention (hava á lofti, to pass from mouth to mouth). 3) in conn. with certain preps. and advs.: h. aff, h. awa, to move aside, = Fær. hava undan; h. anesell aff, awa, to be off; go away; move aside; h. dee aff (awa)! cf. Fær. hava seg burtur, frá, undan, to be off; go or move aside (O.N. hafa, to carry; remove, hafa sik, to move along). — h. against, a) to have an objection to, to bear animosity towards; b) to make objections; to contradict, = O.N. (Icel.) hafa ímóti, Fær. hava ímóti. — h. at ane: a) to find fault with someone; to reprimand; No. hava aat, to find fault with, also to chastise, punish, Fær. hava at einun, to reprimand; b) in the expr., h. dee at dee! move a little! = had dee at dee! cf. prec. “h. aff, awa.” — h. frae, to set off from the shore, — Fær. hava frá. — h. op: a) to lift; raise, — O.N. hafa upp; b) to introduce a subject; to mention, also to spread a rumour (see prec. ha’e 2); h. op again, to repeat; hark back upon; O.N. hafa upp, to disclose, mention, No. hava upp atter, Fær. hava upp attur, to hark back; repeat. — h. somet’in’ wi’ ane, to remark upon or find fault with, — Fær. hava við einun.

haf [(haf) hāf], sb., the open sea, now esp. deep-sea fishing-grounds; to geng to de h., to go deep-sea fishing (in an open boat). comm. — O.N. haf, n., the open sea, Da. hav.

hafbidi [hāf··bɩd·i], sb., one of the round cake-shaped loaves, bidis, constituting the provisions for a boat’s crew in deep-sea fishing from an open boat. See haf, sb., and bidi, sb.

haf [hāf]-boat, sb., a large, open boat for deep-sea fishing. See haf, sb.

haf [hāf]-fish, sb., a species of great seal, phoca barbata. Prop. "deep-sea fish”, as opposed to “tang-fish”. See haf, sb.

haf [hāf]-fishin’, sb., deep-sea fishing. See haf, sb.

hafpiltek [hāf··pʌ‘l·tək], sb., a coalfish nearly full-grown; "young sea-coalfish”. See haf, sb., and piltek, sb.

haf [hāf]-wadder, sb., weather suitable for deep-sea fishing. No. havveder, n., favourable weather for the open sea.

*hag¹ [hag, hāg] and *haga [haga? hāga?], sb., hill-pasture, now only in compds.: see haglet, hagmet, hagri¹, sbs., and *hagasted, adj. Otherwise hoga (hogen), q.v.

hag² [hāg (hꜵ̈g)], sb., 1) state; condition; in this sense only found in a few phrases, such as: ill [‘bad’] h. come to dee! bad luck to you! N.I. (reported by J.I.). 2) order; state of things; management; I ha’e nae [‘no’] h. upo dee, I cannot manage you (Uⁿ.); (good) management; house-keeping; he has nae h. (Conn.); to ha’e h. wi’ onyting [‘something’], to economize; der’r nae [‘no’] h. i’ dy hand, you have no economy or thrift; dey had nae h. upon it, they lived beyond their income (Uⁿ.). 3) the carrying-out of a piece of work (appl. to the manner in which it is done), esp. of work badly done, in phrases such as: du’s [‘you have’] made a puir [‘poor’] h. o’ yon [‘that’], you have made a bad job of it (the work) (N.Roe). 4) in sea-terms belonging to fishermen’s tabu-lang.: der’r nae [‘no’] h. on de fish, the fish will not bite (W.Burr., Ai.), doubtless prop. the fish have no “manners”.—The pronunc. “hāg” is mostly used; “hꜵ ̈ ̄ g” is reported from Uⁿ. besides “hāg”. — O.N. hagr, m., a) state; condition; b) means; c) advantage; gain; No. hag, m., order; state of things; management; moderation. — Cf. hoger, sb.

hag [hāg], vb., 1) to manage (well); to keep house economically; to save; intensive in the expr. “to h. and hain” (L.Sc. hain, vb., to save), esp. negatively, e.g.: he can nedder [‘neither’] h. or [‘nor’] hain, he is a mere squanderer (N.I.). 2) of rain: a) to decrease; he hags (is hagin) a little, the rain is lessening (U.); b) to cease; wait till he hags, wait till the rain ceases (U.). — An obsolete form *haga, with final a in inf., is reported in sense 1 in a list of words from Conn. by R.C. — O.N. haga, vb., a) to manage; arrange; b) to be suitable. For hag 2 cf. honk (and “hain”), vb.

hagali, adj. and adv., see hagli.

*hagasted, adj., properly applied to cattle: frequenting a certain place in the hill-pasture, in the habit of resting or grazing in a certain place, but in Edm. reported in a more common sense: “familiarised to a particular place by a long stay in it.” *haga-stœðr. O.N. hagi, m., a piece of land laid out for pasture, and stœðr, No. stød, adj., stationary. A form hogsted [hɔgstɛd] is noted down in Conn. in the original sense; q.v.

hagerd, hagert [hāgərd, -ərt], adj., badly and clumsily made, having a bad deportment; a puir [‘poor’] h.-like body (person). West. occas. (Ai.). Doubtless for the more common ill-hagerd; see further under that compd. hager might be the same word as hag² [O.N. hagr] with preserved nom. ending -r; cf. the form hoger from O.N. hagr.

hagi [hagi], sb., an old, worn-out spade, reported in the expr. “a auld [‘old’] h. o’ a spade”. Fo. Cf. Fær. haki, m., a spade; a sward-cutter, prop. a hook, crook. — Besides hagi, a form hagis [hagɩs] is reported, “a auld h. o’ a spade”, poss. arisen by the merging of “haki” and “haks-”; cf. No. haks, m., a large block (wooden block), and haksa, vb., to cut carelessly.

hagl, hagel¹ [hagəl], sb., (subordinate) boundary-mark between parts of the hill-pasture; a stone set up as a boundary-mark. U. The word appears to be a deriv. of *hag(a), sb., hill-pasture. Note, however, Hagla hwida [hagla hwi̇̄da], also called “de Hagel [hagəl]”, as a place-name, name for a stone of white quartz, indicating the boundary-mark between Northdale and Burrafirth, U., in which connection the word most prob. may be derived from O.N. hégeitill, m., white quartz, stone of quartz, “hégeitill” otherwise appears in Shetl. in the forms hjegel, hjigel, hjigelti and jegel, jigel.

hagl, hagel², sb., thin, poor corn, see hekl, hekkel², sb.

hag-less, adj., see haglos, adj.

^*?haglet [hāglet, -lət?], sb., a place in the hill-pasture where an animal is or has been in the habit of grazing; “hit [‘it’] is come back till its auld [‘old’] h.”, said of a straying animal returning to its former pasture. U. Edm.: haaglet. *hag(a)leiti. O.N. hagi, m., a piece of land laid out for pasture. For the second part of the compd. cf. e.g. No. leite, n., in sense of a place where cattle collect for milking (leite 3 in Aa.). Sw. dial. hag-let, f., pasture for cattle near the farm. See hogla, sb.

hagli [hāgli] and hagali [hā··gali·], adj., careful; convenient; proper; fine. N.I. O.N. hagligr, adj., convenient; handy; proper, etc. The compounded, negative uhag(a)li, un-hag(a)li is more common than hag(a)li.

hagli [hāgli] and hagali [hā··gali·], adv., carefully; conveniently; properly; finely; du ’s come h. on dis time, (partly ironically) you have done it finely this time (Yⁿ.). O.N. hagliga, adv., conveniently.

haglos, hag-less [hāgləs], adj., 1) wanting in economy, in management or housekeeping; immoderate; wasteful; a h. body. 2) boundless; excessive; illimitable; de h.-l. ocean. — *hag-lauss, adj., wanting in hagr (order; state; moderation; limit). See hag², sb.

hagmark [hag··ma‘rk·], sb., boundary-mark, esp. a corner-stone dividing pastures in the hill. *hag(a)mark; Fær. hagamark, n., boundary-mark in the hill. See the following word.

hagmet [hag·mɛt·], sb., a cornerstone dividing pastures in the hill. *hag-met or -mat. The first part of the compd. is *hag(a), sb., hill-pasture. For the second part see further met¹, sb., a mark, boundary-mark. Cf. hogsten, sb.

hagri¹ [hagri, hag··əri·], sb., a ride on the hill, beating the bounds, in the expr. “to ride de h.”, of neighbouring land-owners in former times: to ride on horseback over the hill-pastures to fix the boundary-marks. This ride took place every year (in autumn at the close of the corn-harvest), and every year one of the boys from the neighbourhood or village was taken along in turn; and at each stone, set up as a mark, the boy was whipped, in order the better to remember the boundary, and, in case of boundary controversies, be able to appear as a witness. This custom is now quite obsolete. — *hag(a)-reið; ríða hag(a)-reið. O.N. hagi, m., a piece of ground laid out for pasture, Fær. hagi, m., hill-pasture; O.N. reið, f., a ride.

hagri², hageri [hag··əri·, hā··gəri·], sb., a long list of something; a flow of words; a lang h., a h. o’ words; — disparaging statement about a person; “sicc [‘such’] a h. shø [‘she’]’s gi’en [‘given’] o’ her”. Also historical memoirs or narratives; “to geng t’rough a h. o’ tings”; “de h. o’ it is no [‘not’] been keepet [‘kept’]”; in this sense also in pl.: “if dey [‘they’] wis [‘was’ for ‘were’, here = ‘had’] keepet de auld [‘old’] hag(e)ris —”. Nm^w. (Esh.). — From Sa. is reported a form hogri, hogeri [hɔg^əri, hɔg··əri·, hȯg··əri·] in sense of: a) use; application; advantage; b) conclusion, esp. bad use, bad conclusion, hit [‘it’] will geng [‘go’] till (in) a ill [‘bad’] or puir [‘poor’] hogri — or ironically: till a guid or braw h., in a guid or braw h. From Ai. hog(e)ri [hog··əri·] is also reported in sense of marriage, match, esp. jocularly of a poor match: he’s made a h. — Prob.: *hag-reið, f., arrangement; putting to rights, etc.; cf. Fær. hagreiða, vb., to put into shape; to treat in a certain manner. See hag², sb., condition; order; state of things; management, etc., and red, vb., to put in order. — hog(e)ri, however, in all essentials assimilates to the uncompounded hoger, sb. [O.N. hagr], and might also be regarded as an extended form of that word through infl. of hag(e)ri: *hagreið.

hagri³, sb., see hegri¹, sb.

†hai [hai, häi] and †haid [haid, häid], adj., very angry, embittered; he is h. upo me. N.I. (haid). Nmⁿ. (hai). Cf.(?) No. hei, adj., hot-tempered, eager (R.), and hea, f., a fit, e.g. of wildness, madness (R.). Phonetically Shetl. “hai” is not directly No. hei; “haid” is most prob. L.Sc. hite, hyte, adj., raging.

hain, sb., properly pers. pron. he? see further under hann, pers. pron.

†haipernor [hai·pərnō^ər·, häi·pər-], sb., substitute for a person one does not wish to mention, in speaking of him: he you know, etc. M.Roe. Obscure. hai- may represent *hain and be O.N. hann, pers. pron., he; see further hain (under *hann), handi and hannister, and the corresponding use of these words.

haivers [haivərs, häivərs], sb., properly pl., but used in the singular: (clumsy, awkward) manner, (awkward) handling; to ha’e a puir [‘poor’] h., to manage awkwardly. Fo. Edm. has a sing. form “hyver” in the compd. “ill-hyver”, awkward behaviour; “y” expresses here “ai” or “äi”; “ill-hyvered” (Edm.) = ill-haiverd [ɩl·hai·vərd, -häi·vərd], adj. — haivers implies prob. a double pl. ending: an older -er with an added Eng. -s. Cf. Sw. häva, häfva, f., in the compds. “åthäfvor”, pl., behaviour, manners, and (dial.) fåhäva, inability, as well as Sw. häfder, f. pl., = åthäfvor. See further ill-haiverd, adj. — Besides haiver(s), the forms hever [hēvər] and haver [hāvər] are found, esp. in compds., such as: hever-less, ill-haverd, ill-heverd, ill-haverli, adjs.

hakk¹ [ha‘k] and hakker [ha‘kər], sb., 1) a hack, also mark or scar made by hacking. 2) a minced condition; a’ [‘all’] in a hakker, entirely covered with scars and marks. hakk is more commonly used of a single notch or scar, hakker is used esp. collect. of scars, marks, or of a notched, scarred state. — No. and Sw. hak, n., a notch; No. hakk, m., a mark left by hacking; Sc. hack.

hakk² [ha‘k, hak], sb., 1) rough sea with small, short waves in rapid succession; cross-sea; a h. o’ a sea; a h. upo de shore (partly like agg, sb.); he is a h. on de day [‘to-day’], there is a choppy sea near the land to-day, but calm farther out (Nm^s.). — Sometimes 2) wind causing the sea to rise; stiff wind, esp. contrary wind, a h. o’ wind; he is a hard h. ahead (Nm^s.). — properly denoting a hacking; digging, digging slightly, and is then to be paralleled with gravin (a digging, rooting), which in Shetl. is occas. used of commotion in the sea. See hakk, vb. 3.

hakk [ha‘k], vb., 1) to hack, hew asunder. 2) to make hacks or scars; my feet is [‘are’] hakket, my feet are full of hacks and scars (Fo.). 3) to dig, dig slightly; esp.: a) to hoe up (by spade or hoe) a piece of ground, a potato-field, when the soil is too shallow for proper delving; to h. op taati [‘potato’]-muld, taati-grund; b) in ploughing, and as a substitute for harrowing: to dig up and with the spade to spread the earth along the edges of the ploughed furrows (Uⁿ.). — In Fe. is found a form hakker [ha‘kər], vb., = hakk. — No. and Sw. hakka, Da. hakke, vb., to hack; hoe; Sc. hack.

hakkamogi [ha‘k··amog·i], sb., a kind of pudding: the belly of a fish, mogi, filled with fish-livers and air-bladders, chopped and mixed with oatmeal. Also hakkimogi [ha‘k··imog·i], hakkmogi [ha‘k··mog·i] and haggamogi [hag··amog·i]. The last form is noted down in Unst (U^wg.). The pl. form hakkamogis (hakki-, hakk-, hagga-) is more commonly used than the sing. form. Cf. No. hakka, f., and hakk, n. (R., Suppl.), a chopped mass.

hakker, sb. and vb., see hakk¹, sb., and hakk, vb.

hakket [ha‘kət], adj., having notches and scratches or scars. Prop. perf. part. of hakk, vb. 2; L.Sc. hacket.

hakset [haksət] and haksi [haksi], adj., full of notches and scratches, full of scars, = hakket. Edm. has “hacksey-looked” in sense of a coarse visage, pitted with small-pox. haks- from hakk-; for the s-deriv. cf. No. haksa, vb., to cut carelessly.

halbert, sb., see holberd, sb.

hald, sb., see hall², sb.

*hald, vb., to hold. L.Sc. had with dropped l is now always used. An old imp. form halt [ha‘ᶅt, hä‘ᶅt] is reported in a term, belonging to fishermen’s tabu-lang. at sea: “Halt [hä‘ᶅt] dy hands and tak’ a blag [blāg]!” stop work (prop. keep your hands still) and take a rest! Uⁿ. O.N. halda, vb., to hold; 2nd pers. sing. imp.: halt.

halderin [hal··dərɩn·], sb., a tall, stout person, a great h. Y^s. Prob. from O.N. holdborinn, adj., fleshy; plump; see further under holberd (halbert), sb.

hali, sb., see halin, sb.

†halihwiffer [hal·ihwɩf·ər], sb., tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for woman, wife; disparagingly of a woman executing her work badly. Nm^w. Slang? The second part of the compd. is prob. formed from hwiff [hwɩf], vb., to give a smart blow; to fidget with trifles.

halin [hālin (hāᶅɩn, haᶅən)], sb., sea-term, tabu-name for cow in fishermen’s lang. Also haler [hālər]. Br., L. — hali [hâli] and håli [hååli], sea-term, tabu-name for otter (Yⁿ.). Prob. represents *halin. — Prop. the tailed one, the long-tailed one. *halingr? Deriv. of O.N. hali, m., the tail. Cf. Fær. langhøla [læŋg··hø̄^ə·la], used by fishermen as a tabu-name for cow.

halk, vb., see halt, vb.

halkadans, sb., see haltadans, sb.

hall¹ [(haᶅ) häᶅ], sb., a rock; a) roundish, flat, rocky point (Fe.); now only used as a place-name, but on the border of a common noun, as in: de Hall (hall) o’ Hubi; de H. o’ Kolvister; de H. o’ Øri (Fe.); b) a ledge of rocks, a projecting rock, serving as foothold in a steep, rocky wall, still used as a common noun. Nm. (Nmⁿ.). As a place-name, partly in sense of a ledge of rocks, partly in sense of a large, deep fissure in a steep, rocky wall, e.g. de Hall o’ Blofell (Ness of Islesburgh, Nm.). — O.N. hallr, m., stone, rock. Shetl. hall corresponds otherwise in sense, partly to O.N. hjalli, m., a shelf or ledge (in a mountain side), but this word is handed down in Shetl. Norn in the form sjall, sjail.

hall² [haᶅ, häᶅ], sb., inclination, slanting position, esp. of a heavily loaded boat: der’r [‘there is’] a h. upo de boat, the boat floats deeply, inclining to one side or with a heavier stern. Also hald [haᶅd, häᶅd] and occas. halt [ha‘ᶅt, hä‘ᶅt]. U. O.N. hallr, m., inclination, slope; No. and Fær. hall, n., inclination, slanting position; Icel. halli, m. The final d(t) in hald (halt) is prob. due to infl. of L.Sc. heild, sb., inclination to one side, which also is used in Shetl., partly in the same sense as hall.

hallo, hallow [hal(l)o], sb., a bundle of straw; sheaf of straw. Fe. Anglicised form from *halgi (*hólgi); No. halge, m., a bundle of (8) sheaves of straw, holge, m., wisp of hay; great bundle of straw. The more original forms holgin and hilgin, q.v., are now only found in Shetl. in a metaphorical sense (big, tall fellow, etc.). For the form “hallo(w)” cf. e.g. dorro(w), darro(w), sb., from “dorg”. — Cf. windlin, sb.

halltott [hal·tåt·, haᶅ·tåt·, häᶅ·tåt·], sb. and adj., I) sb., unevenly spun or twined worsted, the threads being of uneven lengths when twined; also lumps in uneven yarn (opp. to umotta, the thin parts). N.Sh.; Wests. II) adj., 1) unevenly spun or twined, one strand being longer than another, lumpy, of worsted; h. worsed [‘worsted’]. 2) entangled, in the expr. “gane [‘gone’] h.”, become entangled; de line is gane h., the strands in the line (fishing-line) have been partly loosened and got entangled (Esh., Nm^w.). 3) metaph. of living beings, people: confused; laughing untimely; a h. body, a person behaving awkwardly or foolishly, laughing untimely, also a person rushing along precipitately (in the last sense: Ai.); du is fairly h., you are behaving preposterously, laughing untimely. N.Sh.; Wests. — The pronunc. “hal·tåt·” is reported from Esh., Nm^w.; otherwise the common pronunc. is (haᶅ·tåt·, häᶅ·tät·) with softened l. In Fe. and Y. (Y^{n., h}.) a form holltoit, hoiltoit [hȯᶅ·tȯit· (hɔ̇ᶅ·tȯit·), hȯil·tȯit·] is found and used as foll.: a) adjectivally, = halltott II 1 and esp. 2: uneven; askew, entangled; hit [‘it’] is gane holltoit (hoil-), it has gone out of order, has gone askew; b) substantively: α) commotion in the sea, a holltoit (hoil-) i’ de sea. Fe. and occas. Y^h.; β) in Fe. as a sea-term, tabu-name for the sea in fishermen’s lang.; de h. — *hallr þáttr or *hall-þáttr; O.N. hallr, adj., sloping; O.N. þáttr, m., a single strand of a rope. Cf. Fær. høllur [hödlȯr], m., unevenness; lump in worsted.

hals, haws [has, hās], sb., the neck. L.Sc. form: hawse = hals. O.N. hals, m. Some compds. in Shetl., prefixed by “hals”, and the form halsin [hasɩn (hāsɩn)], probably originate from O.N., of which further below. — A) in compds.: 1) halsband [hasbānd, -bənd, hās-], sb., a collar, esp. a band around a calf’s neck for tying it up in the stall; *halsband, n. 2) halsgirt [hasgə‘rt, hās-], sb., a band around a cow’s neck for tying it up in the stall; O.N. halsgjǫrð, f., a necklace. 3) halslokk [haslåk, -lɔk, hās-], sb., “neck-lock”, the wool taken off the throat of a sheep before killing it; also holslokk [håslɔk, -lək] (Yⁿ.). *halslokkr. — B) halsin [hasɩn], sb., a) short bottom-board nearest the keel fore or aft in a boat, ¹⁄₃ of the boat’s length; de fore- or aft-halsin. From Ai. is noted down “de gabord-stroke and de halsins” as the name of the lowest side-board in a boat, “de gabord-stroke” is the middle-board, and “de halsins” the added end-boards; b) side-board in a boat, curved towards the stem; de lower and upper halsin (Conn.). Common as a pl. word, halsins, prop. denoting the two curvatures of the boards, towards the stem and stern respectively, halsin is doubtless “halsinn”, and halsins is an abbr. of “halsarnir” (with a later added Eng. pl. -s), definite forms in sing. and pl. respectively, from O.N. hals, m., neck, which seems also to have been used of the planks between the stem and the forehold in a ship, or the planks enclosing the forehold (hals 4 in Fr.); otherwise appl. to the space in a ship nearest the stem (hals 5 in Fr.). — The dropping of l in the pronunc. of ha(l)sin shows that the word is infl. by L.Sc. “hawse”. — The forms *hols (now only as a place-name) and *hwols (q.v.) in Shetl. are developed phonetically from O.N. “hals”.

halt [ha‘lt, hä‘ᶅt], sb., a halting, limping gait; to geng [‘go’] wi’ a h.

halt [ha‘lt, hä‘ᶅt], vb., to halt, limp; to h. or to geng haltin. Also (more rarely) halk [hä‘ᶅk], to geng halkin. Yⁿ. No., Fær., Sw. halta, Da. halte, vb. A form of pronunc. “hā‘lt”, with long vowel-sound, most prob. springs from Eng. halt, vb.

haltadans [(ha‘l··tada‘ns·) hä‘ᶅ··tada‘ns·], sb., prop. halting dance, limping dance, esp. denoting fairies’ dance; acc. to old Shetl. legends, the fairies limp in dancing. Now certainly only in foll. meanings and applications: 1) to had [‘hold’] a h., to run about, scolding and making a noise. Y.; Fe. Also halkadans [hä‘ᶅ··kada‘ns·] and hilkadans [h^eɩ‘ᶅ··kada‘ns·] (Y^b.); “shø [‘she’]’s dansin’ a hilkadans”, reported of a tethered cow, trying to break loose. 2) gossamer, motion in a cobweb, quivering in the atmosphere near the ground. Fe. [hä‘ᶅ··tada‘ns·]. Regarded as the fairies’ dance? — *haltr dans or (def. form) *halti dans (acc.: halta dans), “halting dance”.

*haltagonga [(ha‘l·tagɔŋ·ga) hä‘ᶅ·tagɔŋ·ga] and *haltagongi [ha‘l·tagɔŋ·gi], expr. in the imperative, belonging to fishermen’s tabu-lang. at sea: stop your gait! stop your speed! a kind of spell by which fishermen formerly thought to be able to check a halibut or other large fish, when hooked, and threatening to run out the whole length of line and break it. U^{n., w}. haltagonga: U^wg. haltagongi: Uⁿ. Also with dropped initial h: altagongi [a‘l·tagɔŋ·gi] (Uⁿ.). Reported by Edm. in the form “haltugonga”. — *halt gǫngu! “stop (your) gait!” “halt”, imp. of O.N. halda, vb., to hold back, stop. O.N. ganga, f., a going; speed; run. See gonga-fish.

halti [hä‘ᶅti], sb., a lame or limping person, esp. in the expr. “cripple-halti”, a halting cripple. Fe. From O.N. haltr, adj., halt.

halvag, vb., see hanvag, vb.

*hamar, sb., see hammer, sb.

hamari [hā··mari·], sb., a side-board of a pack-saddle, comm. in pl.: “de hamaris [hā··maris·, hā··mariᶊ·] o’ de klibber”, the sides (side-boards) of the pack-saddle. Sa. In Nm. is found a form hemeri [hem··əri·, həm··əri·] in sense of protruding handle on a pack-saddle; de hemeris o’ de klibber, the wooden handles branching out from the pack-saddle, crossing each other. — O.N. hamarr, m., a hammer. For the application of the word in Shetl. cf. No. hamar, m., the hindmost cross-bar over the runners in a sledge, and Da. (Jut.) hammer, m., in frame-work: the cross-pieces, combining the bars with the uppermost timber and the floor, also cross-beam (Fejlb.). With ref. to the ending cf. Fær. hamari, m., a hammer.

hammer [hamər], sb., a terrace-like ledge of rocks in a mountain side, also a single, projecting rock in a mountain or hill-side; comm. in pl.: hammers, a collection of projecting, earth-fast stones. In place-names commonly in the older form hamar [hamar, hāmar], partly in the senses mentioned above, partly (more rarely) in sense of a steep, rocky wall; see further Shetl. Stedn. pp. 102—103. — O.N. hamarr, m., stone; a steep rock; rocky wall. Shetl. hammer is a form which has arisen from *hamar through infl. of Eng. hammer, and is really the same word as hamari (hemeri), sb.; q.v.

hams [ha‘ms] and hamst [ha‘mst], adj., confused; unruly; queer; foolish. hams: Du. and Sa. hamst: Papa St. From Sa. is reported “a hams body”, inter alia in sense of: an unruly person, a person in a confused hurry. The word might be regarded as an abbr. of O.N. hamstoli(nn), adj., frantic, distracted, but is, however, more prob. only a parallel form to hims, hims(e)t (hjams, hjamst), adj.; q.v.

hana [hana], interj., here! come here! used as a call when feeding animals or birds, esp. a call to gulls. Icel. hana, interj., look! look here! Cf. hanna, hannana, interj.

hand [hānd, häᶇd], sb., the hand, = O.N. hǫnd (hand-), f. Used in Shetl. in some meanings and applications handed down from O.N. and Norn: 1) a handful; a h. [häᶇd] o’ meal. Conn. Fær. hond, f., the hand, also a handful, ein bond av ull. 2) five in number (acc. to the number of fingers); a h. [hānd] o’ sheep (Fo.). 3) side; edge, esp. of boat-fishermen at sea when finding fishing-grounds: two landmarks on one side brought in a certain relation to two landmarks on another side (Du.: hānd); de hands o’ a seat (a fishing-ground) or mid (mið, miþ); see mid¹, sb. 4) the expressions “in h. [hānd], to h. [hānd]”, at hand; near; fast approaching, to come in h. or to h., to be at hand, to happen, originate from O.N. fara (koma) í hǫnd; to appear; to arrive on the spot, at hendi, at hǫndum, til handa, present; hither; at hand, but now assimilate mostly to the corresponding Eng. expressions. — to com’ weel or ill to h., to come well or ill to hand, (impers.) to turn out well or unfortunately for one; dey [‘they’] ’re come ill to h., they did not succeed; their errand or expedition had an unsuccessful result (N.I.); cf. Fær. “ganga væl (illa) í hond” (impers.: einun gongur, etc.), to turn out well (badly); also No. and Sw. — The form of pronunc. “häᶇd” is only reported from Conn. in sense of a handful, but seems to be old; see handalos, adj. In proper sense the pronunc. “hānd” is now only used.

hand [hand] and handi [handi, häᶇdi], sb. and interj. I) sb., in exclamations such as: guid [‘good’] hand, upo my hand or by my hand, upo my handi! upon my soul! upon my honour! etc. II) interj.: hand! “yea [‘yes’], hand!” handi! in similar senses to those quoted under I. — hand: comm. hand and handi: N.I. The pronunc. “häᶇdi” is reported from U^wg.; “handi” (in the expr.: upo my handi) from U. and Fe. — Is orig. hardly the word hand. More prob. for and, andi, from O.N. ǫnd, f., and andi, m., spirit, soul; breath, breathing, with a later added, aspirated h, poss. through infl. of hand, sb., the hand.

handaklapp [(han··daklap·) häᶇ··aklap·] and handiklapp [han··diklap· (häᶇ··ɩklap·)], sb., a loud noise; clamorous eagerness; racket. N.Roe [han··diklap·]. Fe. [häᶇ··aklap· (häᶇ··ɩ-), han··di-]. to had [‘hold’] a h. aboot a ting, to make a great fuss about something (Fe.). he cam’ in wi’ a great h. aboot de sheep, he came in making a great hubbub regarding the sheep (N.Roe). Prop. clapping the hands. O.N. handaklapp, n., a slap (clap) with the hands. L.Sc. handclap, sb., a moment, is diff.

*handa(r)los, handa(r)-less (hanna-, hantar-) [häᶇ··aləs·, hä‘ᶇ··tarləs·, hä‘ᶇ··taləs·], adj., without hand or arm, handed down only in an old riddle in Norn from Yⁿ., in which “modera [mȯd··əra·] h.-l.”, the handless or armless man, *maðr(inn) handalauss, denotes the sun. O.N. (Icel.) handalauss = handlauss, No. handlaus and handalaus, Fær. handleysur and handaleysur. The forms with prefixed “handa-” really denote wanting both hands or arms.

handbellin [hānd·bɛᶅ·ɩn], handbollen [hānd·bꜵ̈ᶅ·ən], handibellen [hān··dɩbɛᶅ·ən], sb., a round lump of a stone, easy to throw with the hand. Sandwick, Du. (handbellin) and Conn. (handbollen, handibellen). See bellin² (bollen), sb.

handbor(r)os [hānd··bår·os], sb. pl., a hand-barrow. Uⁿ. See boros, sb. pl.

handel [handəl (haⁱndəl, häᶇdəl)], sb., objects; belongings; tackle; gear, necessary for the execution of some work or other; goods; luggage; traps. N.I. Cf. Da. dial. (Jut.) handel, c., in sense of matter; custom; arrangement, etc.

handel (handl) [handəl (haⁱndəl, häᶇdəl)], vb., commonly denoting to handle = O.N. handla, vb., in a special sense: to feel, examine, and lift up sheep in order to value them, to h. sheep, the word is = Fær. handla, h. seyð (sheep).

handgrip [hāndgrɩp], sb., in forming a sheaf of corn: a quantity of corn-stalks taken with one hand for making a sheaf. A sheaf consists of a certain number of “handgrips”. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). O.N. handgrip, n., a wresting with the hand, handargrip, n., as far as one can grip with the hand. See handmel, sb.

handi [häᶇdi], sb., 1) expr. for a person whose name one does not wish to mention when speaking about him: he whom you know, etc.; Nm. 2) tabu-name, sea-term for shark, a kind of small shark, commonly called “ho” in Shetl.; Conn. — Prob. an extended form of O.N. hann, 3rd pers. sing., pers. pron. m., he. See further under *hann, pron., and hannepaa, hannister, sbs.

handibodek [hān·dibɔd·ək, -bȯd·ək], sb., a mitten, sea-mitten. Prop. tabu-name at sea. Skerries, “handshoe”, “handboot”; see bodek, sb.

handigrip [hān··digrɩp·], sb., a firm grip with the hand; he has a guid [‘good’] h., a) he gives a good and firm grasp; b) he is a strong fellow (Sa.). O.N. hand(ar)grip. See handgrip, sb. — Pl. handigrips, in sense of close grappling, is Eng. dial., and L.Sc.

handiklapp, sb., see handaklapp.

handikruppen [hān·dikrop·ən and -krup·ən], sb., properly a slap or slight blow on the hand? Name of a boy’s game in which one of the players turns his face towards a wall with one hand behind his back; one of the other players gives him a blow on the hand, and he has to guess who struck him; if he guesses right, the striker has to take his place; if not, he has to remain standing, receiving the blows of all the others in rotation, until he has guessed rightly, “to play h.” N.I. Instead of being placed against the wall, the boy lies face downwards, receiving a slight blow on his back (Yⁿ.). Prob. *handa(r)-kroppan, f., a slap or slight blow on the hand. No. and Icel. kroppa, vb., to jab; pick; scratch.

handirist, -risk, vb., see handrist.

handitrift [hān··ditrɩft·]) sb., the preparing of the wool. Du. *handa-þrift. For the second part of the compd. cf. O.N. þrifinn, adj., active. See t’rift, sb.

handmel [hanmel, hanməl], sb., in reaping the corn: a certain quantity of corn, forming a certain part of a sheaf, laid on the straw-band; a h. o’ corn. 4 or 5 handmels generally make one sheaf. Du. Doubtless an original *handmál, n., “hand-measure”, a handful, as much as can be taken with the hand; cf. handgrip, sb., in a similar sense. mel from “mál”, measure, limit, is preserved in sjurmol, foreshore [*sjófarmál or -máli].

handrist [hāndrɩst· (häᶇdrɩst·)], vb., 1) to separate the threshed corn from the chaff by rubbing it between the hands; to h. de corn. Also in the forms: handirist [hān·dirɩst··], handrisk [hāndrɩsk·, häᶇdrɩsk·], handirisk [hān·dirɩsk··] and hantrist [hāntrɩst·]. N.I., esp. Fe.: handrist. U. (occas.): hand(i)risk and hantrist. N.: hantrist. 2) to overhaul in impatient searching, e.g. garments out of a chest and flinging them away; to h. and “had gaun” [‘hold going’]. Fe. [hāndrɩst·]. — *handhrista, to shake with the hand; O.N. hrista, vb., to shake.

handsel [ha‘nsəl, hānsəl], sb., something given to a person with good wishes in order to bring him good luck; prop. to be confirmed by shaking hands; also solemn intercession. I’ll gi’e dee dis for h., I give you this present in order that it may bring you good luck (as a pledge of my wishes for good luck); I’ll gi’e dee my h., I promise you my prayers for good look (Conn.). In a special sense: the first present given to the bride after the ceremony (N.I.; reported by J.I.). — O.N. handsal, n., a making over by handsel, stipulation (sal, n., delivery into the hand of another; bargain); Eng. and Sc. handsel.

handspok [hāndspō^ək], sb., a hand-spike. Nm. No. handspak(e), m., id., = handspik, f.

hand [hand, hānd]-tief, sb., “hand-thief”, a thief, in proper sense, opp. to “tung-tief”, “tongue-thief", a back-biter (Sa.).

*hangl, hangel, vb., see hankl, hankel, vb.

hanglin [haŋglɩn (haŋlɩn)], sb., a long, overgrown boy, between fourteen and twenty-one. N.I. *hanglingr. Cf. No. hangla, vb., to hang dangling, to balance, as well as Shetl. hanklin, sb., which is a parallel form to hanglin, but reported in another sense.

hank [ha‘ŋk], sb., 1) a loop, strap. 2) junction of a boat’s side-boards with the stem or stern; often in the pl., hanks, of the one join, esp. when the word stands by itself, not as a compd. with “fore” or “efter”. de fore-h. (hanks), the joining in the stem, de efter-h. (hanks), the joining in the stern. hank is often used as a sing. word in sense of stem-compartment (fore-h.) or stern-compartment (efter-h.). — Prop. a coil; circular band; handle, O.N. hanki, m., and hǫnk, f. Cf. Eng. hank in sense of rope for tying up. — In sense of ball of thread, hank of yarn or thread (= No. honk, nystehonk), Shetl. hank assimilates to Eng. hank, sb.

hank [ha‘ŋk], vb., 1) to make loops or bights, = No. hanka (Aa.); to h. op de tedder [‘tether’], to coil the tether (the cow’s tether). to “h. aff” yarn, to unwind yarn from a ball in knitting. For “h. aff” now also “hankie aff” (Eng. dial., to entangle; twist together). 2) to stop the execution of a work, in the phrase “to h. ane’s hand”, prop. to let the hand rest; he hanked his hand; h. dy hand a “halicrack”! hold on! stop for a minute! Wh. hank here doubtless orig. means rope-handle. No. hanka, vb., to fasten together, to hook in a loop, etc. Eng. dial. hank, vb., to coil.

hankl¹, hankel [ha‘ŋkəl, hä‘ŋkəl], vb., = hank, vb. 1; to h. (op) de line (the fishing-line) or de tedder [‘tether’]; to h. aff (yarn) = to hank aff. — Eng. dial. hankle, vb., is used diff. (to entangle; twist together). — See henkl², vb.

hankl², hankel [ha‘ŋkel], vb., 1) to idle, of idlers: to geng hanklin aboot, = henkl¹, vb. Fe. 2) of unsettled weather: to keep tolerably, continue in the same way (on the point of shifting); he is hanklin. Fo. — No. hangla, vb., inter alia to hang dangling, also to remain undecided; to balance (R.). Sw. dial. hangla, vb., to stick at one’s heels, to follow up, etc. — hankl for *hangl; see hanglin, sb.

hanklin [ha‘ŋklin], sb., continuous unsettled weather. Fo. Prop. something which remains undecided, balancing. *hangling(r). See hankl², vb. 2, and cf. hanglin, sb.

*hann [häᶇ], *hanna [haᶇa (häᶇa)], *hanne [häᶇæ], 3rd pers. sing., pers. pron., m., he; only in some fragments, handed down in Norn: a) a short verse peculiar to Unst, applied to a Shetl. lad, returned home from Scotland (Caithness):. . .hann kann ca’ russa mare. . . . he can call russa a “mare”. . .; b) hanna daga [haᶇa dâga]. . ., the day dawns. . . (Y^h.): *hann dagar. . .; c) hanne [häᶇæ]: in a riddle from Yⁿ. of the armless and legless man (the sun that melts the snow). O.N. hann, pron., he. — hain [hain] is doubtless the same word, noted down in the foll. tabu-term, belonging to fishermen’s lang.: (der ’r) a hain ahead o’ hersell [‘herself’], there is a boat ahead of ours. “hersell” replaces “himsell”, which must be the older of these two words, as O.N. bátr, a boat, is of the masculine gender. Prop.: he (a boat) before him (another boat). The term originates most prob. from S.Sh., where shø [‘she’] is used for “he” far more widely than in N.Sh. Cf. the use of the words hannister and hannepaa of a person or thing that one does not wish to mention by name.

hanna [haᶇa, häᶇa], interj., here! come here! esp. a cry to birds, e.g. sea-gulls, invited to pick up food, = hana. Also hannadu [haᶇ··adu·, häᶇ··adu·]. Though hanna, in sense, corresponds exactly to hana, the softened (palatal) pronunc. of n points towards an older nn, which may have arisen from rn; cf. O.N. hérna (No. heran, herane, herne, henne, hænn, Sw. dial. hena, hänne, hanna, and various forms), adv., here, just here. Cf. the foll. hannana.

hannana [haᶇ··ana·, häᶇ··ana·], interj., look out! keep clear! cry to pack-horses meeting each other in peat-transport from the out-field. Also honnina [hȯᶇ··ɩna·]. Y^h. Prob. an extended form of hanna, interj.; see the preceding word. Cf. Sw. dial. hennena, adj., just here, an extended form of hena, hänne, adv.

hannepaa, sb., see under hannister.

hannister [haᶇ··ɩstər, häᶇ··ɩstər·], sb., substitute for the name of a person one does not wish to mention when speaking of him: he whom you know, etc. Fe. hannepaa [haᶇ·əpā·, häᶇ·əpā·] is reported from Y^h. in the same application. — Both words prob. contain O.N. hann, pron., he. “hannister” is used occas. with addition of “de ho”, and has then probably been used as tabu-name, sea-term for shark, the small species of shark, commonly called “ho” in Shetl. Cf. a) handi, occas. = hannister, hannepaa, occas. tabu-name for the shark, and b) hain as a tabu-name for boat, under *hann, pron.

hansper [ha‘nspər], sb., stiffness in the limbs; see ansperr, sb.

hanvag [han·vāg·, häᶇ·vāg·], vb., 1) to lie awake at night; now rare in this sense; esp. in a fisherman’s verse from Unst (Burrafirt’), beginning: I lay and I hanvaged [han·vā·gəd, häᶇ·-]. . . 2) to be drowsy; to saunter idly about, to geng hanvagin [häᶇ·vā·gɩn] aboot. Uⁿ. 3) to steal or lurk about, to geng hanvagin [häᶇ·vā·gɩn] aboot. Uⁿ. In the senses 2 and 3 also hemvag [hem·vāg·] (Uⁿ.). 4) to be doubtful, to hesitate on account of irresolution. Uⁿ.: [häᶇ·vāg·]; U^mo.: hanvager [han·vā··gər]. — hanvag 1 presupposes an “*andvaka”; cf. O.N. andvaka, f., sleeplessness, and andvaki, adj., sleepless. The senses 2 and 3 may be later developments of sense 1. The word has prob. been used in sense of to feel slightly; see hanvagin, sb. — A form halvag [häᶅ·vāg·] (Uⁿ. occas.) = hanvag 2 and 3 is poss. the same word, but resembles, however, No. halvaka (uncertain normal form: R.), vb., to become doubtful, to be unable to make up one’s mind. Certainly, halvag and “halvaka” do not assimilate in meaning, which, on the other hand, is the case with hanvag(er) 4 and “halvaka”. — Mingling of two different words?

hanvagin [(han·vā·gɩn) häᶇ·vā·gɩn], sb., a slight impression or feeling of something; I had de mere h. o’ a fish bein’ at de hook, I could just feel a fish at the hook. Uⁿ. Deriv. of hanvag, vb., in a sense of this word which is no longer preserved.

hap [hap], sb., a handle, a loop-shaped band (made of rush or straw) on the side of a straw-basket, transport-basket (kessi, bødi). N.I. (Uⁿ.). Nm. In transport the rope, band (repi(n)string, repinband, vattaband) is fixed through “de hap” across the mouth of the basket. — O.N. hapt, n., a band by which something is tied or fixed, hepti, n., a handle. With ref. to p for pt in Shetl., from O.N. pt, see e.g. ap, apta, sb. [O.N. aptann], and aper, vb. [O.N. aptra].

hapl, hapel [hapəl], vb., to go halting, to geng [‘go’] haplin aboot de door(s). U^mo. Poss. the same word as Sw. dial. happla, vb., to stammer; to stutter. As short o in several cases changes to a in Shetl., hapl may represent *hopl, and be a deriv. of O.N. hoppa, vb., to hop; cf. haps, vb.

happ [hap], sb., good luck, success in one’s undertaking; to ha’e h. or guid [‘good’] h. O.N. happ, n., good luck; Eng. hap, sb.

happ [hap (hꜵ̈p)], adj., healthy and thriving, in good condition, esp. negatively: no [‘not’] very h.; no a bit happer, as it was (not a bit better, larger. U.). N.I. The pronunc. “hꜵ̈p” is noted down in U. and Yⁿ. The word prob. means lucky, happy, and consequently is derived from O.N. happ, n., that which serves to one’s honour or advantage; luck, happiness. Cf. hipper, adj.

haps [haps], vb., to limp, halt, to drag the one foot in walking, to geng hapsin. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). May be a *hopsa, deriv. of O.N. hoppa, vb., to hop, bound, in No. also to hop on one leg. For the s-deriv. cf. Sw. dial. hoppsogr, adj., jumping and bustling about, as well as cognate Norw. word-forms, such as hipsa, hypsa, hupsa, vb., to rock; swing.

har [hār], sb., scar; scratch, see ar², sb.

hard [hārd], adj., scarred; covered with scratches; see ard, adj.

harda, sb., see herda, sb.

hardbrus, sb., see brus, sb.

hardi [hardi], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for the sea-bottom, esp. the sea-floor of a fishing-ground; de line is gotten “fool” i’ de h., the line sticks fast to the ground, to the sea-bottom. Nm. Prob. *hinn harði, “the hard one”. Cf. wolhard, sb.

harek [harək, härək], sb., a speck, a very small piece of something; no a h., not a grain, not a morsel. De^w. (M.Roe). Prob. the same word as ar, sb., a speck; small particle, q.v.

harikel [har··ɩkəl·, här··ɩkəl·], sb., a remnant; fragment; esp. in pl.: harikels, remnants, fragments. Nm. or F.I. L.Sc. har(r)igals. Sometimes “harikels” is used of: a) a dead body (esp. of an emaciated animal), skeleton, carcass (thus in Fe.); b) an extremely emaciated, miserable being (animal) (thus Y.). Either the same word as harek, sb., or from “hark-” (O.N. harki, m., trash; rubbish; No., and Sw. dial. hark, n., refuse; weary gait; poor condition).

hark [ha‘rk], vb., to hawk; to cough up phlegm; to spit out phlegm; to h. and krek. Conn. Corresponds almost to Da. harke, vb., and Sw. harkla, vb., to hawk. No. harka, vb., to make a rattling sound (in the throat). O.N. harka, vb., is handed down in sense of to scrape together.

harki [ha‘rki], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for swine. Also herki [hə‘rki] and horki [hȯ‘rki]. Fairly comm. From the root *hark; cf. Fær. herkja, vb., herkja í seg, to devour, to eat greedily, No. hark, n., a rattling sound in the throat, herkjen, adj., hoarse. Cf. hjosi, sb.

harlibens [har··libens·], sb. pl., bones; skeleton, esp. of: a) a carcass of a very poor animal; b) an extremely emaciated human being or animal, a being that is nothing but skin and bone. Y., Fe. Poss. “creaking or rattling bones”. Cf. No. harla, vb., to walk with a jerking gait; produce a creaking, grating sound. In the application of “harlibens”, appl. to an emaciated, living being, another word doubtless must be taken into consideration, viz.: L.Sc. (and Shetl.) harle, vb., to move onward with difficulty.

harm [harm, härm], sb., sorrow; grief; distress. N.I. occas. Not comm. O.N. harmr, m., grief; sorrow. In a sense which is now more extended, Shetl. “harm” assimilates to Eng. harm, sb. — For harms in the expr. “harms and wallowa” see herms.

harpi [ha‘rpi], sb., harp-shell, a species of large mussel. Also harpek [ha‘rpək]. O.N. and Icel. hǫrpuskel (harpa), No. harpeskjel, f.

harrabel [har··abəl·], sb., 1) a kind of hard wood, timber, imported from Norway in former times. U^mo. 2) a miserable, bony animal, also an utterly emaciated, ragged person, a puir [‘poor’] h., a h. o’ bens, a living skeleton. S.Sh. (Du.; Conn.). Sometimes also used as an adj.: bony, like a skeleton; a h. craeter’ [‘creature’] (Conn.). Acc. to Jam. Suppl., “harroble” is found in Orkney in sense of harrow-beam, cross-bar in a harrow. “harroble” must be the same word as Da. harvebul, c., harrow-beam, Sw. dial. harvböle, n., the wood-work forming the frame of a harrow. In Ork. deeds “souples, birks and harrables” are mentioned, sometimes used for flails. Meaning 1 of Shetl. harrabel suggests that it is the same as the Ork. word. Meaning 2 has arisen through a metaphorical use of the word.

harri [(harri) härri], vb., to drive away by shouting, esp. to chase away geese or swine by shouting “harri, harri!”; to h. at geese and swine. Also herri, hirri [hərri (hʌrri)]. Fe. Cf. Sw. dial. harja, harrja, vb., to make a loud, piercing outcry.

harri [(harri) härri], interj., a shout by which e.g. geese and swine are chased away. See the preceding word and herr, herri, horri, interj.

harsk [ha‘rsk], adj., unpleasant; disagreeable; coarse (Uⁿ.); h. wadder, unpleasant, rough weather (Y^h.). Also harski [ha‘rski], and more commonly with dropped r: haski [haski]. Wests. No. harsk, adj., somewhat gruff, harsh; L.Sc. harsk, adj., = Eng. harsh.

harvistokk [har··viståk·], sb., lumbering thing, something useless lying in one’s way. Esh., Nm^w. Prop. cross-bar, harrow-beam; see harrabel, sb.

haser [hāsər], sb., a very large fish, esp. a large ling. W.Burr., Ai. Intensive in the compd. hulefer-haser; q.v. Etym. uncertain. Poss. Sw. dial. hase, m., a large piece, may be compared. husel is found in the same sense as haser.

has-, sb., see hals-, sb.

hasj¹ (hass) [haᶊ], sb., commotion in the sea, usually with strong wind; a h. i’ de sea; der’r a h. o’ sea on. Wh., Du. (Irel.). Prob. the same word as hoss (hosj), sb., and diff. from the foll. hasj.

†hasj² (hass?) [haᶊ], sb., drizzle; used in Unst (Uⁿ.) of drizzle with light wind, in Mⁿ. (Nm.; De.) and Wests. of somewhat rougher weather, = drosj, dross, drizzle. May be classed with No. hysja, vb., to drizzle; to pour down (Aa.), or Sw. dial. hås, m. (n.), a light shower (Ri.), though the vowel-sound a points towards L.Sc. “hash”, dirt, used partly of showery weather. Cf. otherwise, with ref. to the vowel-sound, the verb hasj² [No. hysja].

†hasj¹ (hass?) [haᶊ], vb., to drizzle. See further under hasj², sb.

†hasj² [haᶊ], vb., to scamp work, to go from one task to another without finishing anything, to geng hasjin aboot (Nmⁿ.). (L.Sc. hash). Corresponds to No. hysja, vb., inter alia to work carelessly; to scamp (R.).

haski¹ [haski], adj., of weather: hazy, with wind or (more rarely) drizzle; h. wadder, hazy weather; cloudy weather, with wind (or drizzle). Wests. Prob. cognate with O.N. hǫss, adj., greyish, Eng. haze, sb. Cf. ask, sb.

haski², adj., see harsk, adj.

hater¹, sb. and vb., see hatter.

hater² [hatər, hātər], vb., to bully; plague; persecute; ill-treat; also to spoil; harm. In Unstⁿ. “hātər” with long a; elsewhere comm. “hatər” with short a. perf. part. haterd [hatərd (hātərd)] is also used as an adj. in sense of neglected; in a poor condition; poor-looking caused by neglect, esp. of children and animals; a puir [‘poor’] haterd ting. *hatra. O.N. hata, No. hata and hatra (R.), vb., to hate; persecute; worry, Eng. hatter, vb., to ill-treat (obs. and dial.). The long a-sound, noted down in U., indicates the word to be of Norn origin. Cf., moreover, hader² and hadersvisi, as well as hatraviti, sbs.

hatraviti [hat··ravit·i], sb., 1) a person who is always being persecuted or worried. 2) an ill-thriven person or animal, a stunt (Nmⁿ.). For the first part of the compd., hatra-, see hater², vb. The second part is viti, sb. (Fær. vætti, n., O.N. vættr, f., a living being, esp. a supernatural being).

hatt [hat], sb., scum, skin, which gathers on the surface of a liquid, e.g. milk, collected for churning (Uⁿ.), and on bland (whey mixed with water), kept during the winter in closed barrels. Prop. hat, head-covering. In the same sense as hatt is also found, e.g. in Du., a compd.: hatterskum [ha‘t·ərskūm·], which might be an old *hattarskúm (hattar, gen. of O.N. hǫttr, hattr, m., a hat, which has also been applied in a wider sense to a covering for the upper part of anything).

hatter [hater], sb., hindrance; drag; hit is nae h. for me to dø so and so, there is nothing to hinder me from doing such and such. Du. *aptr- (*attr-) or hapt. See the foll. hatter, vb.

hatter [hatər], vb., to detain; stop; hinder. In a special sense to prevent an animal (sheep) from running away, e.g. by tying up one of its forelegs; to h. a sheep. Du. The word can be explained, partly a) from O.N. aptra, No. attra, Fær. attra and atra [æatra], Sw. åtra, vb., to take back, withdraw or detain, partly b) from O.N. hepta, No. hefta, vb., to tie, hopple (O.N. hapt, n., a band, hopple), also to stop, prevent. In the special sense, to tie up the foreleg of an animal, Shetl. hatter (Du.) corresponds to No. and Fær. hefta, Icel. hepta, vb., to tie a band (haft, hapt) round the forelegs of an animal. — Cf. aper, vb.

hatterskum, sb., see under hatt, sb.

haust [hāust, hāost] and hauts [hāuts, hāots], vb., to shout hoy! halloo! esp. in driving away sheep; to h. upo de sheep, haust: Fe. occas. hauts: Uⁿ. (and Fe. occas.). Also hauets [hauəts] (U. occas.) and hawots [hāwȯts, hāwəts]: Nm.; Y. haust is No. hausta, vb., to shout hoy! halloo! hauts (hawots) may have arisen by metathesis of the final s and t, but might also be an older *hautsa; cf. No. hauta, vb., = huta, vb., to shout; cry; to threaten by shouting, and Fær. hutsa, vb., to set a dog on sheep by shouting huts.

haust [hāust, hāost] and hauts [hāuts, hāots], interj., hoy! halloo! esp. as a cry for driving away sheep. Also hauets [hauəts] and hawots [hāwȯts, hāwəts]. For the various forms and their distribution see prec. under the verb (verbs) haust, hauts.

haverd, ill-h., (ill-) haverli, haver-less, adjs., see haivers, sb., as well as heverd, ill-heverd and hever-less, adjs.

havers, sb., see haivers and hevers.

*havr, sb., oats. Barclay: haavr. Now comm.: aits (L.Sc.).

häim, sb., see him, sb.

häind [häind, häᶇd], sb., skin, a thin layer or covering on anything, a h. o’ rust, a h. o’ cream upo de milk. A form hind [hɩnd] is more rare; de hind o’ a egg (Sa.). O.N. hinna, f., a film, membrane.

häind [häind, häᶇd], vb., to form a coat. Esp. in perf. part.: häindet, covered with a layer; de water is häindet, the water is covered with a coat of mineral matter; de kettle is häindet ower wi’ rust. L. From häind, sb.

hälur, sb., see helur, sb.

håli, sb., see halin, sb.

he [hē], sb., commonly in pl.: hes [hēs]: hesitating or evasive manner of expressing oneself; evasive answer; esp. in the expr. “hems [həms] and hes”; “du needno [-‘not’] ha’e sae mony [‘so many’] hems and hes aboot it” (Esh., Nm^w.). Nm. See further the foll. word.

he [hē], vb., to speak hesitatingly and evasively, to answer in an evasive manner, esp. in the intensive expr. “to hem [həm] and he”; to hem and he aboot somet’in’; to sit hemin and hein. Wests. (Sa.). Nm. [Icel. heia, vb., to linger, loiter, = hía, vb.; No. hia and heie, vb., to delay; prolong; Sw. dial. hia and häjä, vb., to hinder]. hem is prop. to say “hm!” Cf. the syn. Eng. and L.Sc. “to hum and (or) haw”.

head-koll (koil), sb., see koll, sb.

hear, vb., to hear, sometimes used in exprs. foreign to Eng. and orig. from Norn (O.N. høyra, heyra); thus: h. upo(n), to listen to, = O.N. høyra (heyra) á; I hear (am hearin’) upo dee. h. till ane, to listen to someone, esp. imperatively: h. till him! just listen to him!

heart, sb., (heart) corresponds in meaning, nave in a spinning-wheel, to Fær. hjarta, n. (the heart). See jarta, sb.

heart-mu, sb., and heart-mud, adj., see mu³, sb., and mud, adj.

hed [(hēd) hē^əd, hɛ̄^æd], sb., a grain, particle, (the least) morsel, comm. negatively in the expr. “no [‘not’] a h.”, not a grain; not the least. Wh. het [hē^ət, hɛ̄^æt], no a h.: U^wg. Prop. a name, “the mere name of something”, O.N. heiti, n., a name, nomination. In No. (heite, eite) and in Fær. (heiti, eiti) the word is used syn. with the Shetl. word; thus: Fær. “eitt eiti”, a very trifling thing, a “cipher", No. “inkje eite”, Fær. “ikki eitt eiti”, not the very least. Also L.Sc.: hate, haid, sb., a grain, atom.

hedemu [hed··əmū·], sb., a slight whitish haze (over the land), heat-haze; a h. on the land. In a partly corrupted form: hadimer [had··ɩmər·]. Fe. No. hitemoe, m., heat-haze; O.N. hiti (No. hite, hete, etc.), m., heat. See *mø³, sb.

†hederkandunk, hederkendunk [hed··ərka(n)·do‘ŋk··, hed··ərkən·-, hē··dər-], sb., 1) a thump; heavy fall; I cam’ doon [‘down’] wi’ a h.; Conn. [hed··ərka·do‘ŋk··]. 2) see-sawing; to play h., to see-saw; fairly comm. Barclay has the word in the form “hederkadunkan”. From Wests. (Sa.) are reported the forms eberkandunk [ē··bərkan·do‘ŋk··] and eberkeldunk [ē··bərkel·do‘ŋk"]. From Orkney the word is reported in the forms hoberkandunki [hȯb··ərkan·do‘ŋ··ki] and hopikeldunki [hȯp··ɩkel·do‘ŋ··ki]. — The explanation of the first part (or two first parts?) of the compd. is uncertain. The last part, dunk, denotes a thump; cf. No. and Sw. dunka, Da. dunke, vb., to thump (with a muffled resound). Edm. gives “heather-cun-dunk” as a Shetl. name of a kind of duck, the dun-diver. Not further confirmed. The name certainly denotes one that bobs up and down, a diver. Cf. dunter, sb., prop. a diver, the name for an eider-duck.

heel [hɩl], sb., the heel on the handle of a spade; de h. o’ de spade. Fo. In the same sense Fær. hælur, m. O.N. hæll, m., a) a wooden stake; b) the heel on the handle of a scythe. In Shetl. the word has been anglicised to heel.

heel-kapp [hi̇̄lkap], sb., the heel-lining inside in a leathern shoe. No. and Da. hælkappe, m.

hefert [hɛfərt], sb., a suspicion of something, only reported in the negative expr. “no [‘not’] a h.”, not a trace; not the least bit. Poss. a deriv. of an old *ef-; cf. No. ev, n., eve, m., and eva, f. (the last comm. in pl.: evur), a trace, a suspicion of something.

heft [hæft], sb., a handle; grip; the handle of any implement, = O.N. hepti, Fær. hefti, n. Also L.Sc., Eng.: heft (obs.) besides haft.

heft [hæft], vb., to fix, esp. to fix a grip or handle on anything. O.N. hepta, vb., to tie, to tether, No. and Fær. hefta.

†heftet [hæftət], adj., provided; well supplied, also in a good situation; well off; he is h., a) he is well provided; b) he is well off. S.Sh. (Conn., Du.). Poss. an older *hefdet or *hevdet, and derived from O.N. hefð, f., claim, prescriptive right; cf. No. hævd, f., in sense of prosperity, and hævdung, m., a wealthy, powerful man. Note, however, Eng. dial. heft, sb., weight, hefty, adj., heavy; weighty, also used metaph. (influential, etc.).

heg, sb., see hig, sb.

hegel¹ [hēgəl, hɛgəl (hægəl)], sb., a tang, the part of a knife or other implement which is inserted into the handle; de h. o’ de knife. Also hekel [hækəl]: Du. occas. In the same sense Fær. hekil, m., acc. to Svabo: the lower end of the sharp edge of a knife; also cock’s spur. Cf. No. hekel, m., a small flap; edge, Icel. haki and hækill, m., the outside edge of a thing. Cf. L.Sc. heckle.

hegel² [hēgəl], sb., thin, lean corn, a h. o’ corn. Du. See hekl, hekkel², sb.

hegl, hegel, vb., see hekl², vb.

heglabister [hɛg··labɩs·tər, heg··labɩs·tər], sb., a bony, tall, spare-grown fellow. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). Br. The first part of the compd., hegla, may be No. hekel, m., a) a small flap; b) a tall, spare chap.

hegri¹ [hɛgri, hēgri], sb., 1) the heron. comm. 2) a tall, thin person; a tall, half-witted and somewhat rude person; a great h. o’ a fellow. Fe. In sense 2 also hagri [hāgri] (Fe.). — O.N. hegri, m., a heron. No. hegre, m., occas. a) a heron, occas. b) a person with a long neck, wide mouth and distended eyes, also an inconsiderate, noisy person.

hegri² [hēgri], sb., very thin, loose worsted; esp. in the expr. “hegri-worsed [‘worsted’]”. Y^h., De. Prob. to be referred to No. higr, n., something very insignificant, hikra, vb., to deal out in small portions. — Cf. henkl, sb.

hei [hæi], interj., ho! aha! esp. as a term of surprise. Fo. O.N. hej, interj., is found, used in a similar sense.

hek [hɛk, hæk], sb., a crutch. comm. Also with l-deriv.: hekel [hækəl] (Du.). O.N. hœkja, f., a crutch.

hek [hɛk, hæk], vb., 1) to walk jerkily, also to jump or hop on one leg; to geng hekin. N.I. (U.). 2) to halt, to geng hekin [hækɩn]. Fo. Doubtless to walk with a crutch (hek). Cf. hekl¹, vb.

hekel¹, sb., see hegel¹, sb.

hekel², sb., see hek, sb.

hekk [hæk], sb., a frame of wood; esp.: a) a rack in which a train-oil lamp, koli, is placed; b) a rack for horses and sheep (lambs), hay-hekk. No. hekk, m., a rack for horses, and hekka, f., a wooden rack on the side of a hay-cart, Da. hæk, hække, c., Sw. häck, Eng. dial., L.Sc. heck, hay-rack.

hekk [hɛk], vb., partly to cut, partly to tear up the thin, poor corn that cannot be reaped in the usual way; to h. op corn. Nm^s. Poss. orig. to break, and the same word as older Da. (No.?) hekkes, vb., to wrestle (Kalkar II, 196. Acc. to Moth).

hekl, hekkel¹ [hækəl], sb., a species of yellowish coral, bastard coral, that often gets on to the fishing lines. Ai. (W.Burr.). Conn. Is doubtless the same word as No. hekla, f., stubble, in e.g. heklemo, m., a stony plain covered with straggling stubs of withered brushwood.

hekl, hekkel² [hɛkəl, hækəl], sb., thin, lean corn that cannot be reaped in the usual way, but must partly be torn up. Du., Nm^w. The relation to the verbs hekk and hekl² (hekkel) is uncertain. It is conceivable that there is association with No. hekla, vb., barely to hold together, as Shetl. henkl, henkel, sb., poor, lean corn, etc. (q.v.), doubtless must be referred to No. hengla, vb., barely to get a thing to hold together.

hekl¹, hekel [hɛkəl, hækəl] and hegl, hegel [hegəl], vb., 1) to walk bent and heavily, swaying the hips. Ai.: heg(e)l. 1) to walk unsteadily and jerkily, as on crutches. Du.: hek(e)l; to geng heklin. 3) to hop on one leg. Du.: hek(e)l. — No. høkla, vb., a) to trip along; b) to walk with bent knees, lifting the feet carefully; c) to exert oneself in running without making much progress.

†hekl², hekkel [hɛkəl, hækəl], vb., = hekk, vb.; to h. (h. op) corn. S.Sh. (Conn.; Du.). Wests.; Nm^w. Is doubtless the word hackle, vb., No. hekla, L.Sc. heckle, vb. — Shetl. hek(ke)l is also used in sense of to hackle, to comb wool; to h. oo’ [‘wool’].

hekla [hækla, hɛ̄^əkla (hēkla, hǣ^əkla)], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for the ray (fish). U. (Uⁿ.). Metaphoric application of O.N. hekla, f., a cloak. The shape of the fish might indicate the latter. For the change in meaning cf. a) Shetl., prop. L.Sc. “*cockety-fan”, noted down in Fo., denoting partly a high hood for women, partly a ray, and b) L.Sc. bannet, partly a bonnet, partly a flounder, turbot. Edm. gives “heckla” in the sense of dog-fish; not further confirmed in this sense.

†heksi [hɛksi, hæksi], sb., a witch; also used as a disparaging term of a repulsive-looking, old woman. Barclay: hexie. Da. heks, No. heksa, Germ. hexe, f., a witch.

hel [hēl, hē^əl, hel], adj., whole, = O.N. heill, adj., L.Sc. hale. In a special sense strong, healthy = O.N. heill and L.Sc. hale, “hel and weel [‘well’]”, quite well, corresponds to O.N. vel heill.

hel [hēl, hē^əl], vb., to become whole, to be healed; de sore (wound) hels, is helin again. Fo. From “heilask”, middle form from O.N. heila, vb., to make whole; to restore (No. heila).

hella¹, sb., see helli, sb.

hella² [(hɛla) hɛᶅa, heᶅa] and more comm. hellek [(hɛlək, hælək) hɛᶅək, heᶅək], sb., a flat rock, partly in a special sense, a smooth, sloping rock. hellek: comm. hella, esp. in the compd. ufsahella, a flat stone along the eaves of a house, also ufsahellek (q.v.). a hellek [heᶅək (hɛᶅək)] o’ frost (N.Roe), a sheet of ice on the ground; a film of ice. Abbreviated to la (el, lek), hella is found in the compd. glerla (glerel, glerlek) from an orig. *glerhella (glerhellek), a sheet of ice (q.v.). — In place-names comm. in the older form hella [hɛla, hɛᶅa], in Fo. occas. hedla [hædla]. — O.N. hella, f., a flat stone or rock.

*hellahwarf [hɛᶅ··ahwa‘rf], sb., disease, injured health, partly jokingly: a bad cold, etc.; esp. in the phrase: to get ane’s [‘one’s’] h.; du’s gotten dy h., you have got a regular cold. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). *heill(ar)hvarf. heill = O.N. heilleikr, m., health (O.N. heill, f. and n., good luck, good omen); O.N. hvarf, n., disappearance. hella- in hellahwarf is etym. diff. from hella- in hellamet (q.v.) which is used in the same sense.

*hellakrøs (ll softened), sb., a churchyard; the dead buried in a churchyard. U. Recorded in the form “heljacröse” by Jessie M. Saxby in “The Home of a Naturalist”. The first part of the compd. is prob. O.N. heilagr, adj., holy; cf. helli, sb. and adj. The second part is poss. No. “kraus (kraas?)” or “krøys(a)” or “krysja”, f., a heap, pile, and etym. to be classed with Fær. kroysa, f., a hut, shed.

hellamet [hɛᶅ··amet·, heᶅ··amet·], sb., reported in the senses a) the Holy Sacrament given to a sick or dying person, the last morsel taken by a dying person (Nm.); b) a small portion of food (Fe.). Otherwise more common in the phrase “to get ane’s [‘one’s’] h.”, to get one’s deserts (ironically), to have an attack of ill-health, to catch a very bad cold, etc.; du ’s gotten dy h., you have got your deserts, a shock, etc. Fe. Prop. food eaten on feast-days. O.N. *helgarmatr. See helli, sb.

hellek, sb., see hella², sb.

heller [hɛlər, hɛᶅər (helər, heᶅər)], sb., a grotto, cave. hɛᶅər (heᶅər): comm. hɛlər (helər): Nm. occas. From Sa. “hɛᶅər” is reported also in sense of a large rock; see hall¹, sb. — O.N. hellir, m., a cave.

helli [hɛli, hæli], sb., 1) holy-day, esp. the interval between Saturday evening and Sunday evening. 2) a series of holy-days, festival; cf. upp-helli-a’. comm. *hella [hɛᶅa, heᶅa]: Y^h.; now superseded by the form “helli”. helli-day, holy-day; de helli-days o’ jøl, the days of the Christmas feast (prop. twenty in number; see “upp-helli-a’”). helli-lamb, a lamb taken home for slaughtering, just before a festival, esp. before Christmas. helli-peats, helli-water, etc., peats, water, etc., taken home for use during “de helli”. hellis-kost [kɔst, kåst], food intended for use during “de helli”. Cf. the compd. hellamet. — O.N. helgr, helgi, f., holiness, the day or time to be kept holy. No. helg, f., esp. of the interval between Saturday evening and Sunday evening.

helli [hæli], adj., holy, esp. in the expr. “h. muld [mȯld, møld]”, consecrated earth (N.I.). Otherwise comm.: holy. — O.N. heilagr, adj., holy. — In the expr. “to had helli”, to keep a holy-day or festival, “helli” prob. originates from “heilagt”, neuter of “heilagr”, adj.; O.N. halda heilagt (thus also No., Icel., Fær.), to keep a holy-day or festival.

helma¹ [hɛlma, hælma (hæl^əma)], sb., stubble left in the field after the reaping of the corn; a piece of stubble-field. Also helm [hɛl^əm, hæl^əm]. N.I. O.N. helma, f., haulm, straw.

helma² [hælma], sb., stir; confusion; disagreement; quarrelling; der’r naet’in’ [‘nothing’] but h. among dem. Y. Doubtless for *herma from the root “harm”; cf. O.N. hermd, herming and hermsl, f., vexation; anger, Icel. hermsl, n., sorrow; complaint. See herms, sb.

helmabung, see bung², sb.

help-rep [hæ‘lp··rep·], sb., a rope tied around a transport-basket, kessi, by which the latter is fixed to the pack-saddle, de klibber, in transport on horseback. Nm^w. Prop. “help-rope”.

hels [hæ‘ls (hɛ‘ls)], vb., 1) to talk kindly to someone; to receive one kindly, almost = fen, “fain”, vb.; to h. a man (Wests.: hæ‘ls); he was no weel [‘not well’] helst, he was not well received or treated (U.: hæ‘ls); he is no ill helst he will be well (not ill) received (Fe.: hɛ‘ls). 2) to greet someone kindly; to h. ane (a body). 3) to entertain kind feelings for someone, to feel sympathy for, to h. a body; esp. negatively: dey did no [‘not’] h. him (U.). 4) to agree; harmonize, to h. or “h. weel [‘well’]”; dey dø no [‘do not’] h. weel (dey h. ill), they do not agree with each other. Uⁿ. [hæ‘ls]. — A form helsk [hæ‘lsk] is reported from N., to helsk ane, to wish someone good luck, good health. — O.N. heilsa, vb., to wish one good luck, to greet one. — In sense 4, hels prob. springs from the reflexive form “heilsask”, prop. to greet each other (one another).

helset [hɛ‘lsət, he‘lsət, hə‘lsət], adj., wild; silly; unruly; full of foolish tricks; a h. bein’. U. [hɛ‘lsət, he‘lsət]. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe) [hə‘lsət]. The word may stand for an older *ølset and be associated with No. ølen, adj., full of drollery, ølsla, f., frolicsomeness; wildness; foolish tricks; or (with ref. to the oft recurring change of r and l in Shetl. Norn) be derived from *œr-, denoting frenzy, madness. In the latter case either for *herslet, *erslet from *œrsl- (O.N. œrsl, n. pl., and œrsla, f., frenzy, madness, No. ørslen, adj., bewildered) or for *(h)erset, *(h)ersket (No. ørsk and ørsken, adj., bewildered, wild). — helsket [hə‘lskət] (Fe., Sa.?), which might be derived from *œrsk-, is a more rare parallel form to helset. Cf. helska, sb.

helsin [hæ‘lsin, hæ‘lsɩn], sb., congratulation; kind address or welcome; to get a guid [‘good’] h., to get a kind welcome; to gi’e ane a guid h.; often ironically (Ai.; Sa.). Also helskin [hæ‘lskin] and (more rarely) helstin [hæ‘lstin]; the latter form is reported from Ai. (W.Burr.). In U. helsin and helskin [hæ‘lskin, hæ‘ᶅᶊkin] are often used in sense of: a) a good thrashing; de dog is [‘has’] gotten his h.; b) injured health; a very bad cold, etc.; du ’s gotten dy h. de night [‘to-night’]. — O.N. heilsan, f., a greeting, salutation; congratulation. hels(k)in, in the latter given sense (injured health, cold), may also contain such word as O.N. helsótt, f., fatal sickness (cf. the use of the word bani, sb., in Shetl.), or be a compd. with heilsa, f., health, as the first part (cf. No. helseknekk, m., injured health). — Cf. *hjolsa, *hjolskin, sb.

helska, hä(i)lska [hä‘ᶅᶊka, häi‘lska], sb., silly wildness or mirth; fit of reckless wantonness; he ’s gotten de h. Sa. May stand for an older *ølska (cf. No. ølsla, f., frolicsomeness; wildness; drollery) or be an orig. *œrska, f. (cf. No. ørska, f., bewilderment; senselessness).

helsket, adj., see helset, adj.

helur [hɛl·ūr·, hɛlūr· (hɛlô^ər·)], sb., properly a confused, dull or sleepy state, now esp. a) fretfulness, peevishness, sometimes also b) a slight indisposition, accompanied by depressed or peevish frame of mind; to be i’ de h., to lie i’ (op i’) de h., α) to be fretful, peevish; β) to be indisposed and depressed. Also hälur [hälū^ər·]. Y^h. — No. helorar, f. pl., confusion (parity from sleepiness); senselessness; state of stupor; O.N. órar, m. and f. pl. fit of madness.

hem¹ [(hēm) hē^əm], sb., see him, sb.

hem⁽²⁾ [həm], sb. and vb., see him(m).

*hema [hɛma], adv., at home, O.N. heima. Edm.: hemma. — hema [hɛma] is also found as a substantive, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. (sea-term) for wife, de h., prop. she, the one who stays at home (while the fisherman is at sea). — See hemelt, sb. 2.

†hemelt [heməlt, hɛməlt], sb., 1) pasture near the farm or immediately adjoining an enclosed piece of ground; cf. hemhoga, hemrost. heimilt: Edm. 2) sea-term, fishermen’s tabu-name for wife; comm.; hjemelt [hjeməlt]: Y^h. (reported from Yⁿ. in sense of girl); hemelend [hem··ələnd·]: Du. occas. In Du. hemelt is found also in sense of big woman, a great h. o’ a wife [‘woman’]. See *hema, adv. and sb. — The word has been adapted to L.Sc. hamald, haimald, adj., that which belongs to the home or house.

hemer [hemər (hɛmər)], adj. compar., nearer to the home (the farm, the village): de hemer skattald (hill-pasture), see hemhoga and hemrost, sbs.; of fishing-grounds: nearer to the shore, opp. to framer (farther out a sea). “de hemer Sedek [sēdək]”, and “de framer Sedek” (U^w.); sedek², sb., fishing-ground. — O.N. heimri, adj. compar., nearer to the home; Fær. heimari.

hemeri, sb., see hamari, sb.

hemest [heməst (hɛməst)], adj. sup., nearest to the home (the farm, the village); de h. nust, the boat-shed nearest the village or the houses (Uⁿ.); of fishing-grounds: nearest the land. No. heimst, Fær. heimastur, adj., nearest to the home (the farm, the village).

hemet, adj., see himet, adj.

hemfer [hem··fē^ər·, hɛm··-], sb., a feast, held by a newly married man when bringing home his bride. Sa. Prop.: journey home, O.N. heimferð, f. O.Da. hiemfærd, c., banquet, entertainment that was given for the guests by the married couple in their home, after the wedding (Kalkar), entertainment the day after the wedding (Molbech), also Da. dial. (Tåsinge): the third day of the wedding-feast (Molbech).

hemhoga [hem··hō·ga, hɛm··-], sb., hill-pasture nearest the farm (Yⁿ.), = hemrost, sb. Also called “de hemer skattald”. O.N. heimhagi, m., home-pasture. See hoga (and skattald), sb.

hemkomin [hɛm··kɔm·ɩn, hem··-], sb., partly in proper sense homecoming (L.Sc. “hamecumming”), partly in a special sense festive welcome on taking possession of a new home, as well as the feast held on this occasion, = No. heimkoma, f., and heimkomeveitsla, heimkomeøl; Sw. dial. hemkomma, f., = Shetl. hemfer, sb.

hemla [hæmla], sb., see helma¹, sb.

hemli [hemli, hɛmli], adj., homely; familiar, No. heimeleg, L.Sc. hamely.

hemma, adv. and sb., see *hema.

hemp [hə‘mp], sb., a piece of a fishing-line, the lower part of a snell (see tom, sb.) on a fishing-line (haddock-line); a line with “de bid” (q.v.), to which the hook is fixed. In the making of a hemp, horse-hair is mostly employed. comm. The word is also found in the form emp [ə‘mp]. Prob. the same word as No. hempa, f., prop. hemp-stuff, but also, inter alia, band, strap.

hemrost [hem··rəst·], sb., the part of the hill-pasture nearest the farm; hill-pasture adjoining the farm, = hemhoga, sb. Y^h. O.N. heimrǫst, f., home-pasture near thefarm; No. heimrost and heimrast, f., = Shetl. hemrost.

hems(e)t, adj., see hims(e)t, adj.

hemsket [hɛ‘mskət (hæ‘mskət)], adj., foolish; silly. O.N. heimskr, adj., foolish (like a stay-at-home). — The word is easily mingled with himset (hims, himst), adj., in sense 4 of that word. A form himsket [hə‘mskət] = himset is reported from Fo.

hemskor [hem··skȯr·], sb., a fishing-ground, skor², near the land, = inner skor. Fe.

hemvag, vb., see hanvag, vb.

hengs, hings [hɛ‘ŋs, he‘ŋs (hɩ‘ŋs)] and henks, hinks [hɛ‘ŋks, he‘ŋks (hɩ‘ŋks)], vb., to get to fit better; to place in a better position, esp. by drawing or pulling higher up; to h. op de troosers, to pull up the trousers; to h. op a burden (a kessi) on ane’s back, to push a burden (basket) higher up on the back in order to make it rest better. U. hengs is poss. to be referred to No. hamsa, vb., inter alia to put to rights, get a thing to fit, and hemsa, vb., inter alia to gather quickly, catch loosely; to grasp; snatch; fumble; hemsa seg, to tidy oneself; collect oneself; recover (hemsa seg upp). For the common change ms > ngs, nks in Shetl. Norn see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 38 c, and cf. moreover, e.g. fjunks, sb., = fjungs from *fums, flungs and flunks, vb., from *flumsa, as well as hungs (hunks), vb., trom *humsa. hungs (hunks), vb., is found in the same sense as hengs, hings. “ms” is preserved in humset = hungset, hunkset, adj. — Or might not hengs, hings rather be a mutated form, *hymsa, parallel to hungs from *humsa? hengs, in that case, is developed from hings. In support of this deduction can be cited hims and hings, vb., to limp, = hungs (*hums), vb.

hengset, hingset [hɛ‘ŋsət, he‘ŋsət], adj., clumsy; ill-shaped. U. Edm.: hengsit. Poss. for *ill-hengset, as humset, hungset (hunkset) is often used in the same sense as ill-humset, ill-hungset (hunkset) = hengset. — *illa hamsaðr? or *hymsóttr? See hengs (hings), vb.

hengsi, hingsi [hɛ‘ŋsi, he‘ŋsi], sb., a clumsy, ill-shaped person. U. Edm.: hengsie. See hengs (hings), vb., and hengset (hingset), adj.

henk (hink) [hɛ‘ŋk, he‘ŋk], vb., partly to cut, partly to tear up the thin, poor corn difficult to reap, = hekk and hekl², vb.; to henk op corn (strøgins). Conn. [hɛ‘ŋk]. N. [he‘ŋk (hɛ‘ŋk)]. henkl [hɛ‘ŋkəl, he‘ŋkəl] and hjenkl [hje‘ŋkəl]: De., L. Cf. No. hanka, vb., in sense of to drag forward in jerks.

henki, sb., see hinki, sb.

henkl, henkel (hinkl, hinkel) [hɛ‘ŋkəl, he‘ŋkəl], sb., something thin, weak and loose, esp., a) thin, unevenly spun worsted; Y.; Fe.; b) slender, sparse corn on the field, t’in [‘thin’] h. o’ corn. Nm.; De.; L. In the latter sense also henklins (hinklins) [hɛ‘ŋklɩns, he‘ŋklɩns], pl., reported from Ai. Doubtless to be classed with No. hengla, vb., just barely to hold together, “henglande grannt”, so thin that it scarcely binds together (R.).

henkl¹, henkel [hɛ‘ŋkəl (hæ‘ŋkəl)], vb., a) to saunter, to geng henklin aboot; b) to hang on, to be at one’s heels, to geng henklin efter a lass. S.Sh. (Conn.; Du.). From an older *hengl. Prop. the same word as hankl², vb.; q.v. For henkl b cf. No. and Sw. (dial.) “hangla” in the same sense.

henkl², henkel [hɛ‘ŋkəl, hæ‘ŋkəl], vb., to coil; wind up; to form into loops or bights, e.g. a tether, a fishing-line; to h. de tedder [‘tether’], de line. Also hankl, hankel [ha‘ŋkəl, hä‘ŋkəl]. No. hanka, vb., inter alia to form into loops or bights; Eng. dial. hankle, vb., on the other hand, means to entangle, to twist. Cf. hank and henk, vbs.

henkl³, henkel, vb., see hinkl¹, vb.

henkl⁴, henkel, vb., see hinkl², vb.

henklet [hɛ‘ŋklət, hæ‘ŋklət], adj., ill-shaped and having a bad carriage, limping; a h. body [‘person’]. Y^h. Poss, a deriv. of *hangl-; see hanglin, sb., hankl², vb., and henkli, sb., and cf. No. hengslutt, adj., having a bad carriage. On the other hand, there may be an association with hinkl², hinkel, vb., as well as honkl, honkel, sb. and vb.; note the relation of meaning between a) hings, vb., and hingset, adj.; b) hungs, vb., and hungset (humset), adj.

henkli [hɛ‘ŋkli], a long, ill-shaped fellow, a person with a bad carriage. Uyea, Nm. From *hangl- or *hengsl-? See the preceding word.

henklin [hɛ‘ŋklin], sb., braces, esp. in pl.: henklins, braces. U^{n., m}. Deriv. of hank? Is, however, more prob. the same word as Sw. hängsle, n., band or strap by which something is suspended, also braces. s might easily be dropped in the collocation “ngsl” in Shetl. Norn; cf. dropped s in the collocations ksl (Introd. V — also N.Spr. VII — § 38 g) and tsl (e.g. *watl, wattel from O.N. veitsla). nk frequently occurs as a development of ng; see hengs (hings), vb., and henkl¹, vb. Examples given in Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 31.

henks (hinks), vb., see hengs, vb.

hensperr [heᶇ·ᶊpær(r)··] and hensper [hæ‘nᶊpər, hæ‘ᶇᶊpər, henᶊpər], sb., stiffness in the limbs (Nm. and De.: hensperr; Fe. and Y.: hensper); see ansperr, sb.

hent [hɛ‘nt, hæ‘nt], sb., a fetching; collecting; gleaning; raking; I’m [‘I have’] had me a h., I have been out, raking the hay (the grass, spread outfor drying) together. Fe. *heimt-. See hent¹, vb.

hent¹ [hɛ‘nt, hæ‘nt], vb., to fetch, gather up and bring home; to pick up (h. and h. op), to h. lageds (lagets), to gather up and bring home tufts of wool, lageds, found on the hill, esp. when the sheep are shedding. to “h. in” peats, to fetch a small quantity of peats home from the peat-stacks (Fo.). to h. (h. in) taatis [‘potatoes’], to dig up a small quantity of potatoes. to geng hentin aboot, to go about gathering up trifles (Nm.). to h. de girs [‘grass’] aff o’ de “rig”, to rake together the grass spread on the ground for drying (Fe.). to h. de “rig”, a) to tear up weeds from a piece of field; b) to gather cow’s dung on a field (Y.; Fe.). to h. ower or t’rough [‘through’] de taatis, to go through the potatoes, picking up the best among them (Fe.). — O.N. heimta, vb., to fetch; bring home; No. hemta (heimta), vb., to gather; pluck; pick up.

hent² [hɛ‘nt, hæ‘nt], vb., to walk with a jerking or plunging motion. not comm. Edm.: hent. Poss. cognate with Da. dial. (Jut.) hemte, hemtre, vb., to raise with difficulty, hemt(r)e sig, to get up from one’s seat. Or cf.(?) Sw. dial. hunt(ä), vb., to jump heavily (like a bear).

hentilaged [hɛ‘n··tilag·əd, hæ‘n··ti-], sb., a tuft of sheep’s wool (laged) found on the hill and brought home. Also hentilaget [-lag·ət] and hentilag [-lag·]. *heimti-lagðr. See hent¹, vb. (to hent lageds), and lag(e)d, sb.

hentin [hɛ‘ntin, hæ‘ntin], sb., partly a) = hent, sb., partly b) something gleaned or raked together, esp. raked hay; de h. is lyin’ upo de “rig” (the piece of ground). Fe. *heimtan or *heimting, f. See hent¹, vb.

“*heon”, sb., island, sb., see *ø, sb.

“*heosa”, sb., see *josa, sb.

*heranger [hē·raŋ·gər], sb., a small six-oared boat (six-ærin, -arin, six-oared) brought from Norway (about 15—16 feet in keel-length). U. Prob. really a Hardanger boat brought from Hardanger in Norway.

herda [hærda], sb., refuse of corn, husks, stubble (from reaped corn). Wests. The word is now rare in the original sense, but fairly common applied metaphorically, esp. in the phrases “to lie in h., to geng in h. (to h.), to lay in h.” a) of corn: α) to lie in h., to lie ruined, trampled down (e.g. by cattle) or broken by the storm; β) to geng in h., to become ruined (trampled down, broken); de corn is gane [‘gone’] in h. (Uⁿ.; Fe.); b) of hay: de hay guid [‘went’] in h., the hay was whirled up and carried away by the wind (Uⁿ.); c) of any object: α) to lie in h., to lie broken in bits; β) to geng in h., to be broken into small pieces; γ) to lay in h., to crush to pieces; to destroy; de boat is laid in h. (Fe.). “gane i’ h.” and “gane in h.” (Uⁿ.). gane to h. (Du.). Occas. also harda [harda, härda] (Papa St.); he laid it in harda, he broke it into small pieces, ruined it entirely. — Is doubtless the same word as No. hære, n., husks, refuse of corn, doubtless from an original *herð-, to which the Shetl. form herda points back.

herki [hə‘rki], sb., sea-term, tabu-name for swine. De^w.; Wests.; Conn. See further under harki, sb.

herm, hermek, sb., see hermel, sb.

hermel, hirmel [hərməl], sb., a remnant; small fragment; particle; trace of anything, esp. in pl., hermels, hirmels, remnants; particles, or in the negative phrase “no [‘not’] a h.”, “no de h.”, not the least particle; dey did no leave de h. Yⁿ. Also in forms such as a) herm (hirm) [hərm, hərəm] (Nm^w., Nibon), by abbr. of hermel, and b) hermek (hirmek) [hərmək] (De^w., M.Roe), by addition of the suffix -ek to herm; esp. negatively: no a herm(ek); der’r no a herm o’ bread i’ de corn, no a herm o’ oil i’ de livers; he did no leave a hermek. — hermel from an older *ermol. O.N. ørmul, n. pl., ruins; remnants; No. ervol, m., small remnant; trace. — Cf. ormel, sb.

herms [hærms], sb. (pl.?), lamentation; cries of woe; noisy quarrel, esp. intensive in the expr. “h. and wallowa [wal··əwa·]”. Also “harms [harms] and wallowa”. — The word may be an old i-mutated derivation with dropped final l, of O.N. harmr, m., sorrow; grief; cf. O.N. hermsl, f., vexation; anger, and Icel. hermsl, n., sorrow; complaint. See harm, sb., and helma² (*herma), sb. — “wallowa” is L.Sc. wallaway, Eng. wellaway.

herr, hirr [hərr] and herri, hirri [hərri (hʌrri)], interj., shout (shoo! etc.) by which animals (sheep, pigs) or poultry (esp. geese and hens) are chased away. Fe. Partly together with hits, interj. (q.v.) as a shout to animals (swine; pigs). In Yⁿ. (acc. to J. Inkster) is used: a) herri, hirri [hərri] as a shout in chasing away (e.g.) pigs, and b) herria, hirria [hərr··ia·] in chasing away (e.g.) geese. See harri and herri, vbs.

*herra [hɛra, hæra], sb., a limited district built on; now only preserved as a place-name, in names of built-up districts centrally situated: de Herra (Y., Fe., L.). It is, however, not very long since the meaning of the word was understood in Shetl. Acc. to statements by elderly people in Fetlar, the Isle of Fetlar was formerly divided into three small districts, each provided with a local magistrate, of which “de Herra” was the central one. “de Herra” in the Isle of Yell is still divided into “de In-herra” [*inn-herað], east of Hwalfirth Voe, and “de Ut-herra” [*út-herað], west of Hwalfirth Voe. “de Herra” in Lunnasting, M., is also named “de Harre [häre]” by people there. See Sh. Stedn. pp. 174—175. — O.N. herað, n., an inhabited part of the country; village; district.

herri, hirri [hərri (hʌrri)], vb., by shouting to chase away animals (sheep and esp. pigs) or poultry (hens and esp. geese); to h. at geese and swine; to h. de geese. Fe., Yⁿ. Cf. Sw. dial. härja = har(r)ja, vb., to shout, raise an alarm. See harri, vb.

herski, adj., see hirski, adj.

hervek [hɛrvək, hærvək], sb., the great northern diver; see further under hirvek, sb.

hesp [hæsp], sb. 1) a wooden hasp of a door. 2) a skein of yarn, a h. o’ worsed [‘worsted’], comm. O.N. hespa, f., a) a hasp, fastening; b) a skein of yarn; likewise L.Sc. hesp, sb.

hesper, sb., see *hospra and *hosper, sb.

*hest [hæst], *hesta [hæsta] and *hestin [hæstɩn], sb., a horse (stallion). Fo.; N.I. From U. is reported hestin as a sea-term, tabu-name for horse in fishermen’s lang. “hesta-foal”, and (abbr.) hesta are still occas. used in the N.I. denoting a wild boy, prop. a colt (reported from U. and Fe.). — In place-names hest is found as a designation of certain rocky formations, esp. rocks by the sea-shore, thus e.g. Hest (Oddste, Fe.), Hessen (*Hesten) gula [hæsən gola] (N.Roe), a yellowish rock: *hestinn gula, accuss. of “hestrinn guli”. Occas. by anglicising “horse”, e.g. de Horse o’ Hjafell [hjāfel] (Ness of Islesburgh, Nm^w.). — O.N. hestr, m., a horse, esp. a stallion.

het, sb., see hed, sb.

*hevdi [hɛvdi, hævdi] and *hevda [hɛvda, hævda], sb., a promontory; high, steep point of land. Now only used as a place-name, but often with prefixed definite article: de H. The meaning of the name is still understood owing to its frequent occurrence, and therefore it may be regarded as bordering on a common noun. As place-names are also found the forms a) hefda, e.g. in “Lamba-hefda [lam·bahef·da]” (Y., between Reafirth and Otterswick): *lambahǫfði; b) with added def. art.: hevdin [hævdin, hævdɩn, hɛvd-], e.g. “de Hevdin [hævdin] o’ Wadderste”, “de Hevdin o’ de Ness” (both in De.): *hǫfðinn. Occas. with dropped ending: hevd, e.g. in “Hohevd [hohɛvd·]” = Hohevda [hohɛv·da] (Hamna Voe, Esh., Nm^w.): háhǫfði, “the high promontory”. Occas. anglicised: Head, e.g. in “de Head o’ Hevdigert [hɛv··dɩge‘rt·] (Y^m.): hǫfðagarðs hǫfði. — O.N. hǫfði, m., a promontory.

heved [hevəd, hɛvəd], sb., “head”, an object formed like a head, a knob; lump; something grown or huddled together; a beilin’ h., a boil; a h. o’ breer (sprouting corn); “in a h. o’ breer” is said of reaped corn grown together at the ears in consequence of damp (Fe.); a h. o’ rust (smut); a h. o’ scab (o’ a scab). Also hived [hɩvəd]: Uⁿ.; a h. o’ a sten, a large, lumpy stone; he left it a’ [‘all’] lyin’ in hiveds, he left it lying in lumps, applied to someone digging carelessly with a spade, leaving the soil unsmoothed. — The word has now been lost in its original sense the head of living beings. — O.N. hǫfuð, n., a) the head; b) an object like a head. For the Shetl. form of pronunc. cf. M.Eng. heued, heved, sb., the head.

hevel [hēvəl, hɛvəl, hævəl], sb., a handle, a curved handle across the mouth of a vessel (esp. of a bucket); de h. o’ de dollek or “dafek”. Also hevlek [hevlək]. hēvəl, hevlək: U. occas. hēvəl: Yⁿ. Elsewhere comm.: hɛvəl (hævəl). a hevel-dafek, a bucket with a hevel. — No. hevel, m., a handle; ear, esp. a handle of an open vessel (bucket); O.N. hefill, m., a loop; a halyard.

heverd [hēvərd], adj., in the compd. ill-heverd, clumsy; ill-shaped; badly behaved; q.v.

hever-less [hē··vərlɛs·, -ləs·], adj., of bad behaviour and repulsive manners. Barclay: haeverless. See the foll. word.

hevers [hēvərs], sb. pl., (clumsy, awkward) behaviour, (bad) conduct; ill h., puir [‘poor’] h. Barclay: “haivers” and “haivins”. For the prob. etym. of the word, see haivers, sb.

hevl, hevel, vb., see hivl, hivel, vb.

hevlet, adj., see hivlet, adj.

hibb, interj., see hipp, interj.

hibbedor, sb., see hobiter, sb.

hifs [hɩfs], vb., to walk heavily, making swinging and plunging movements, applied to a clumsy, unwieldy person with a bad carriage; to geng hifsin aboot. De., L. *hyfsa. No. hufsa and hyfsa, vb., to push; swing; shake; plunge.

hifsek [hɩfsək (hifsək)], sb., a clumsy, slovenly person, esp. a woman. De. [hɩfsək]. L. [hɩfsək, hifsək]. No. hyfsa, f., a slattern, heavily-moving woman. See hifs, vb., and cf. hofsek, sb., and hofset¹, adj.

hig [hɩg, heg, hi̇̄g, hɩ̄g] sb., something thin, insignificant, poor, esp. of grass and corn; a tin [‘thin’] h.; a mere h. o’ girs [‘grass’]; a h. o’ corn, thin, scant corn; a h. alangst [‘along’] de edge o’ de “rig” (the cultivated patch). Du. Also heg [hē^əg], tin [‘thin’] h.: St. — Cf. No. higr, n., a particle; trifle; something extremely insignificant.

hikr, hiker [hɩkər], vb., to delay; hesitate; he would no h. aboot it, no h. at døin’ [‘doing’] so, he would not hesitate in doing so; to dø onyting [‘do something’] withoot hikerin, to do something without delay or hesitation. S.Sh. (Du.; Conn.). *hikra from *hika. Icel. and No. hika, vb., to delay; linger; hesitate.

hiks [hɩks, həks], vb., to hiccough, to catch one’s breath. Fe. For hikst. Also hiksi [hɩksi, həksi]. More rarely hiksti. — O.N. hixta, vb., to hiccough. — The corresponding substantive is more common in Shetl. See the foll. word.

hiksti [hɩksti, həksti] and hoksti [hꜵ̈ksti], sb., hiccough, hiccoughing, catching one’s breath; to ha’e de h. = to hiks; to get de h. From Wests. (ōSa.) the forms hoksti, hiksi [hɩksi] are reported, and as pl. words: hikses [hɩksəs], hokses [hꜵ̈ksəs]; from Conn.: hoksti. Elsewhere more comm.: hiksti. — O.N. hixti, m., hiccough, hiccoughing. With ref. to hikses (hokses), pl., cf. Da. hik, n. pl., hiccough.

*hildin [hɩldin], sb., fire, sea-term, tabn-name in fishermen’s lang.; de h. Fo. *ildinn = eldinn, def. form of O.N. eldr, m., fire. See ilder¹, ildin, sb.

hilek [hɩlək], sb., a hollow in a flat rock. N.Roe. Br.? No. hyl, m., a deep hollow in the bed of a brook or river; also a puddle, a deep collection of water, = O.N. hylr, m.; Icel. hylr, m., gulf; depth.

hilgin [h^əɩlgɩn, h^əɩᶅgɩn], sb., a tall, overgrown lad; a tall imposing fellow (Yⁿ.); a boy or girl growing too fast in proportion to his or her age (U.). Formed by i-mutation from holgin, sb., prop. a bundle of straw or truss of hay; a wisp of straw or hay; see further under that word.

hillfolk [hɩlfɔk, həl (hʌl)-], sb., fairies. comm. Regarded as hillfolk from Eng. hill, but is, however, prob. in its origin Da. huldrefolk, Icel. and Fær. huldufólk, No. hulderfolk, huldafolk, n., the first part of which in Shetl. has by degrees been merged with Eng. hill, the more so as the fairies, acc. to the old superstition of the common people, are supposed to live in hills. — “hillfolk’s cairds” is found (reported from Conn.) besides “trows’ cairds” or “trowie cairds”, prop. trolls’ cards, denoting the fern; cf. Fær. tröllakampur (troll’s moustache) or tröllakambur (troll’s comb) as a designation for the same plant.

hillisom [hɩᶅ··ɩsom·, heᶅ··ɩsom·], adj., attractive and amiable, having kind, agreeable manners; a h. man. U., Nm. *hyllisamr. No. hylleleg, adj., agreeable; amiable; O.N. hylla and hylli, f., fidelity; goodwill; favour.

hilmongin [hɩl·mɔŋ·gin, helmɔŋ·gin], sb., a silly, odd-looking person. Yⁿ. Prob. from an old *himlungrinn or *himlunginn, in which -inn is the added def. art.; cf. No. himling, m., abstracted or dreamy person, deriv. of himla, vb., to be absent-minded, abstracted or drowsy (O.N. híma, vb., to be absent-minded). For the metathesis ml > lm in Shetl. cf. e.g. gjolm, sb., from *gjoml, skulm, vb., = skuml¹, skumbel, vb., and the reverse process in hemla, sb., = helma¹, sb. Similar metathesis takes place with “mr” and “rm”.

hilset, hilsket, adj., see helset, helsket, adj.

him [hɩm], sb., a thin covering, esp. on a liquid. Nm. More extended in the form häim [häim], in which the long i-sound has changed to “äi” through infl. of Eng.; a häim o’ cream upo de milk (Fe.), a häim (mineral coat) upo de water (Y^h.). Occas. the word hem [(hēm) hē^əm] is used, a h. on de water (a coat of some fatty or oily substance). Nm. occas. (Nmⁿ.). — *hím. No. him, n., and hima, f., a coat, thin covering. Cf. himna, sb.

him [hɩ̄m], vb., to lose its right colour, to get a dirty coat; esp. in perf. part. himd [hɩ̄md], himd f(r)ae de right colour, faded, of a dirty appearance. Nm^w. (Nibon). See further under himet, adj.

†him, himm [həm], sb., esp. in pl., him(m)s, and in conn. with he [hē], sb.: him(m)s and hes, evasive phrases or answers, subterfuges; to ha’e mony “him(m)s and hes” aboot onyting. Doubtless hm!? See the foll. word.

†him, himm [həm], vb., to speak or answer hesitatingly, to avoid giving a proper answer, esp. in conn. with he [hē], vb.: “to h. and he”, to sit him(m)in and hein. Doubtless to say “hm”. Cf. Eng. and L.Sc. hum, vb., “to hum and haw”, used in a similar sense.

himet [hɩ̄mət], adj., applied to colour, esp. of animals, wool: dusty; dull, dirty-grey (partly with a reddish, yellowish or bluish tinge); having a white ground with a muddy (partly grey and reddish) tinge. Nm^{n. and w.} (N.Roe; Nibon). Also hemet [hēmət, hē^əmət]: N.Roe. *hímóttr? Cf. No. himutt, adj., hazy; dim, and himeleitt, adj., dusky or ill-coloured, esp. of animals.

himinsferd [hɩm··ɩnsfērd·, -fē^ərd·], sb., in the expr. “to mak’ a h.”: a) to make a fruitless journey or expedition; to meet with a great disappointment in some or other undertaking; to lose one’s way; to get into a scrape; he ’s made a bonie [L.Sc. bonie, bonny, fine, pretty] h., a pair [‘poor’] h., that was a pretty (bad) journey he made, he has got nothing for his pains, etc.; b) to do work badly, to spoil the work; du ’s made a (bonie) h. o’ it, what a muddle you have made. Y. (Y^{h., n.}). Joking application of O.N. himinsferð, f., an ascension to heaven. “to mak’ a h.”, prop. “to make an ascension”. Cf. below himmelsferd, sb.

himmelsferd [hɩm··əlsfærd·] and hjimmelsferd [hjɩm··əlsfærd·, -fē^ərd·, -fǣrd·], sb., properly ascension, but now only used fig. in exprs. in which the original sense is obscured, thus: a) der ’r a hjimmelsferd upo dem, they are in a very great hurry. Uⁿ. [-fē^ərd (-færd)]; b) to mak’ a h., to make a fruitless journey or expedition; to meet with a great disappointment, = to mak’ a himinsferd, sense a; Y^h. (himmelsferd); c) to mak’ or had a h., to make a tremendous hubbub, a “heaven house”. U^{n., burr}. (hjimmelsferd [-færd, -fǣrd]). See above himinsferd, sb. O.N. himill, m., = himinn, m., heaven.

himmeri, sb., see hamari, sb.

himna [(hɩmna) həmna], sb., a slight covering of mist along the shore; a thin covering of clouds. Ai. (W.Burr.). O.N. himna, f., = hinna, f., a coat; thin cover.

*himp, vb., and *himp(et), adj., see hjimp, vb. and adj.

hims [hə‘ms], sb., 1) a swinging of the body with a sudden movement; now rarely used in this sense. 2) restless haste, esp. with regard to bad, superficial carrying-out of a work; to be in a h. Ai. See further under the foll. word as well as hims(et), adj.

hims¹ [hə‘ms (he‘ms)], vb., 1) to make sudden, swinging movements of the body, esp. applied to a silly or confused person; he himst [he‘mst, hə‘mst] him [‘himself’] awa, he disappeared abruptly, went away suddenly (N.). 2) to hurry with something; to hasten over a job; to h. ower a job. Ai. [hə‘ms]. a himset [hə‘msət] job, a bad, hastily done work. — Cf. No. himsa, vb., himsa seg, to behave with wild, foolish gestures, etc. (R.).

hims² [he‘ms] and hings [he‘ŋs], vb., to raise one’s hips in walking, to limp, to geng himsin or hingsin. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). Mutated parallel form to hungs (*hums), vb., from *humsa (No. humsa, vb., to limp). hings is found also in sense of to shove, push up a little; see further under hings, hinks, vb.

hims [hə‘ms], himset [hə‘msət], himst [hə‘mst (hə‘mpst)], and with inserted j: hjims [hje‘ms, hjə‘ms], hjimset [(hje‘msət) hjə‘msət], hjimst [hje‘mst, hjə‘mst (hje‘mpst)], adj., 1) that makes sudden, hasty and swinging movements of the body, esp. of a queer or half-witted person; a hjims body. Y^h. [hjə‘ms]. 2) hasty, with quick, flighty movements. Wests. occas.; noted down in Ai. in the forms himset [hə‘msət], hjimset [hjə‘msət] and himst. From Fe. is reported hjimset [hjə‘msət] in sense of restless; changeable. 3) that talks abruptly or incoherently, in short and abrupt sentences; that gives short, broken and unsatisfactory answers; a hjims body. Fe. [hje‘ms]. Also as adv.: to speak hjims [hje‘ms], to talk abruptly or incoherently (Fe.). 4) that behaves in a foolish, silly manner, gesticulating wildly; a h. body; fairly comm. in this group of meanings; in Mainland esp. in the forms himset and himst [hə‘mst]. Fo.: himset. From Fo. is reported a form himsket [hə‘mskət] besides himset, poss. by mingling with hemsket, adj. Meanings 1, 2 and 4 are combined, thus in Conn.: hims(e)t. Forms with inserted j are found in the N.I., thus e.g.: Uⁿ. [hje‘mst, hje‘mpst, hjə‘ms]; U^c. [hje‘mst]; U^wg. [hje‘ms]; Y^h. [hjə‘ms]; Fe. (Fe^e.) [hjə‘mst]. In U. also in forms such as hjems [hjæ‘ms] and hjams [hja‘ms]. Reported by J. I.: hjamst [hja‘mst] and homst [hȯ‘mst]. In Du. homst [hȯ‘mst] besides himst [hə‘mst]. 5) abstracted; absent-minded. Uⁿ. [hje‘m(p)st]; Sa. [hə‘mpst]. 6) not having the full use of the senses, in a very sickly or dying state. Fe. [hjə‘mst]; hjimst-like. 7) touchy; in a cross mood. Ai. (himst). 8) of taste: stale; sour; bad. Fe.: hjims(t) [hjə‘ms(t)], hjims-tasted; hit [‘it’] is hjims-tasted, it tastes stale and sour. — *hims-. Cf. No. himsa, vb., himsa seg, to behave in a silly way, making wild gestures; to joke in imbecile fun; himse, m., and himsa, f., a heedless, unreliable person, himsen, adj., indisposed (R.). Esp. with ref. to the Shetl. forms hjams, hjamst cf. Da. dial. (Jut.) hjamsk, adj., a) indisposed; out of sorts; b) half-witted; silly; c) choleric; ill-tempered. — hemsket (q.v.) is prob., in its origin, different from hims(et). — a) hjimp, hjimpet, for an older *himp(et), adj., and b) kims, kimset, adj., q.v., are found partly in same sense as hims(et), etc.

himsket [he‘mskət], adj., of colour: dirty, dirty-grey with a reddish or bluish tinge, occas. = himet, adj., of which himsket is a derivative. N.Roe.

hind [hɩnd], sb., a film; a thin covering; de h. o’ a egg. Sa. The form häind [häind, häᶇd], q.v., is far more extended, and used in a wider sense. — O.N. hinna, f., a film; membrane.

hing [hɩŋ], vb., to hang, is a L.Sc. form, but in the expr. “hingin’ wid(d)er”, “hanging feather” (ear-mark in sheep), corresponding to Icel. “hangandi fjöður”, the word “hingin’” springs from an old “hangandi”, pres. part. of O.N. hanga, vb., to hang. See fid(d)er (wid(d)er), sb.

hings [hɩ‘ŋs, he‘ŋs] and hinks [hɩ‘ŋks, he‘ŋks], vb., to shove, push up a little; to put in a better position by shoving or pulling up; to h. op a burden (a kessi) on ane’s back, to shove up a burden (a basket) on one’s back in order to get it to rest better; to h. op de troosers, to hitch up one’s trousers. U. Prob. the same word as hims² (hings), vb., to limp. With ref. to the relation of meaning cf. the closely cognate hungs (hunks), vb., a) to limp; b) to push up a little, e.g. a burden on one’s back, one’s trousers. See hengs, vb.

hingset [he‘ŋsət] and hinkset [he‘ŋksət], adj., clumsy; ill-shaped. U., Nmⁿ. Edm. has: hengsit. To be classed with the preceding word, and with hims² (hings), vb., to limp. Cf. the syn. humset, hungset (hunkset), adj., and the relation of this word to hungs (hunks), vb., a) to limp; b) to push up.

hingsi [he‘ŋsi] and hinksi [he‘ŋksi], sb., a clumsy, ill-shaped person. U. Edm. has: hengsie. See hings, vb., and hingset, adj.

hink [hɩ‘ŋk, he‘ŋk (hə‘ŋk)], vb., to limp, halt; also to hop on one leg. comm. O.N. hinka, vb., to limp, hobble.

hinki [hɩ‘ŋki, he‘ŋki], henki [hɛ‘ŋki (hæ‘ŋki)], sb., a limping person, esp. as the name for a troll. For the troll’s limping see under haltadans, sb.

hinkl, hinkel, sb., see henkl, henkel, sb.

hinkl¹, hinkel [hɩ‘ŋkəl, he‘ŋkəl, hə‘ŋkəl], vb., to limp, to halt a little in walking; to geng hinklin. Occas. also henkel [hɛ‘ŋkəl, hæ‘ŋkəl], e.g. in Du. *hinkla or *hinkra? Cf. No. hinkra, vb., to limp, as well as “honka” and “honkla”, vb., to stump; limp; slouch.

hinkl², hinkel [he‘ŋkəl], vb., to shove up, push up a little, e.g. a burden on one’s back, one’s trousers, = hings, vb.; to hink(e)l op de troosers [‘trousers’]. U^{n., m}. Parallel form to honkl, honkel, vb.; q.v.

hinks-, see hings.

hinnispott [hən··ispɔt· (hʌn··i-)], sb., a triangular piece of wood joining a boat’s gunwales fore or aft to the stem or stern. comm. More rarely honnispott [hȯn··ispɔt·]. Prob. *hyrni, n., = horn, n., (horn) corner; Icel. spotti, m., a fragment; piece. The uppermost part of a boat’s stem or stern is called “de horn” in Mod.Shetl., but the form of pronunc. “həni” rather points back to an older *hyrn- with i-mutation; “hȯni” may spring from either “horn” or *hyrn-. The word “ennispónur” is found in Fær. in a similar sense to Shetl. hinnispott; there is, however, scarcely any acceptable reason for deriving hinni from O.N. enni, n., the forehead. — From Uⁿ. is reported a hinnispott [hʌn··ispɔt·] in sense of birth-mark.

*hinsin [hɩ‘nᶊɩn], sb., impatience; restlessness? only given in the expr. “to tak’ h.”, to become impatient, restless (nervous) or capricious, whimsical (e.g. of women in childbed). Fe., Y^h. Prob. for *(h)imsin and to be classed with No. imsa or ymsa, vb., to become restless; cf. No. imsken, adj., cross; capricious.

hint [hɩ‘nt, hə‘nt], sb., a glimpse; moment. No. himt, n., a glimpse; L.Sc. hint, sb., a moment. See the foll. word.

hint [hɩ‘nt, hə‘nt (hʌ‘nt)], vb., 1) vb. n., to vanish suddenly. 2) vb. a., to snatch away. Now hardly used except in perf. part., hintet [hɩ‘ntət, hə‘ntət (hʌ‘ntət), -əd]: a) vanished suddenly, become invisible all at once; hit is hintet f(r)ae my very hand, it has disappeared right out of my hand (Uⁿ.: hə‘ntət); cf. hwerm², vb.; b) taken away by fairies, spirited off into the mountains, hintet by de “hill-folk” or fairies (Fo.: hɩ‘ntət). From Conn. is reported a form honted [hȯ‘ntəd] in sense a. — Cf. No. himta, vb., to glance; to brush past.

hintet [(hɩ‘ntəd) hə‘ntəd (hʌ‘ntəd)], adj., (of a person) peculiar, not right in the head, h.-like; Yⁿ. [hə‘ntəd]. Also bewitched, hurt by witchcraft, e.g. of a cow. Fe^w. [hə‘ntəd]. Poss. spirited off into the mountains or "touched”, see hintet b, perf. part., under the preceding word. May also be an adjective, syn. with hint, vb.

hintl, hintel [h^əi‘ᶇtəl], vb., to stump, walk with a limping gait from one place to another, to geng hintlin [h^əi‘ᶇtᶅɩn] aboot. Y^b. Mutated parallel form to hontl, vb.; q.v.

hint-lim, sb., see lim, sb.

hipp [hɩp, hep], vb., to earth, earth potatoes, to h. taatis. No. hypja, Da. hyppe, vb., id.

hipp [hep], interj., gee-up! cry to horses to set them going. Nm., Y., Norwick, Uⁿ. A form hibb [heb] is reported from Haroldswick, Uⁿ., sometimes used as a cry to cows. Cf. Da. hyp: gee-up! as a cry to horses.

hipper [hɩpər], adj., fortunate; lucky; given in the expr. “he was never h. efter dat”. Y., Fe. O.N. heppinn, adj., lucky; fortunate. Cf. happ, adj.

hipster [hipstər, hɩpstər]-cock, sb., a poor, ill-thriven cock. Du. Doubtless to be classed with No. hyp, m., a huddled-up weakling, etc.

hird [hɩrd, herd, hərd], vb., to keep; to bring into safety; to guard, esp. in foll. exprs.: a) to h. de corn, to bring the reaped corn into safety in the special enclosure, de corn-yard; cf. gordhird, vb.; b) to keep the home-field, de tun, clear of sheep or other animals, grazing in the out-field, to h. de tun (Fe.). to h. de sheep, to keep away the sheep from the home-field; to h. de kye, to tend the cows, keep them in their own pasture, away from those of the neighbour. — From Fe. is reported a parallel form hord [hȯrd] in sense of to keep, put aside. — O.N. hirða, vb., to mind, care for; to keep, to bring into safety (to secure hay or corn; to tend cattle). L.Sc. hird, vb., to herd, tend cattle.

hirdin [hɩrdɩn, herdɩn, hərdɩn]-bannock, sb., a harvest feast held on the occasion of the bringing-in of the corn. See hird, vb. (sense a). L.Sc. bannock, sb., a sort of cake.

hirm (hirmek), hirmel, sbs., see herm (hermek), hermel, sbs.

hirnek [hɩrnək, hernək], sb., 1) a corner; nook; also 2) a fragment; particle, partly in metaph. sense; every h. o’ de kin; “he left no [‘not’] a h. atween [‘between’] her and heaven”: he deprived her of everything. Nm., De. O.N. hyrna, f., and hyrni, n., a corner, angle. Cf. horni¹, sb., and hinnispott, sb.

hirs [hə‘rs] and hirsi [hə‘rsi], interj., a shout, used in chasing swine; away with you! N. Cf. Sw. dial. “hyss, hiss(a), huss”, likewise a shout, used in chasing away swine. See horsk, interj.

hirski [hə‘rski], adj., shivering with cold, having disagreeable fits of chill; to feel h., to have fits of shivering. Conn. Prob. from an older *hiskri by metathesis of r. Cf. a) No. hiskra, vb., to shiver with cold, hisken, adj., of air, weather: causing fits of shivering, raw cold, and b) Shetl. hisin, adj. Note, however, Fær. irskra(st), vb., to shudder.

hirsl, hirsel [hə‘rsəl], vb., 1) to have fits of shivering; to tremble and draw oneself together from cold; to sit or stand hirslin wi’ cauld [‘cold’]. 2) to cause fits of shivering; hit [‘it’] hirseld upo me, it made me shudder. From the root *hir-. Cf. No. hira, vb., to mope, doze, to huddle up from cold, Sw. dial. hira, vb., to shiver from cold, Fær. irskra(st), vb., to shudder, and ill-hirsin, adj., out of sorts.

hirvek [hɩrvək, hervək] and hervek [hɛrvək (hærvək)], sb., the loon, great northern diver, colymbus glacialis. Fe. hirv- may have arisen by metathesis of *hivr- from an older *himr-, orig. himbr-. Cf. O.N. (Icel.) himbrin, n., No. imbre, m., and hymber, hymmer, f., Da. imber, immer, c., Ork. immer-goose and (L.Sc., Eng.) emmer-goose. — arvek [arvək], the name for another, much smaller sea-fowl, black with white breast: a species of duck (diving-duck)? (Yⁿ., Y^h.), is doubtless, in its origin, different from hirvek, hervek. — Inconclusive reports. arv- poss. through metathesis of *(h)avr- from No. havorre, m., a species of duck (occas. of various species: Aa., and R. in Suppl.).

†hisi [hi̇̄si, hɩsi], sb., powerful, visible action upon something; de corn is gotten [‘has got’] a h., the corn has shot up rapidly; de snaw is gotten a h., the snow (layer of snow on the earth, field) has almost disappeared. U. Cf. No. heisa, vb., of corn: to sprout too quickly, and heisen, adj., that displays or exhibits much power or great impetus (R.). In most cases, however, Shetl. hisi assimilates to L.Sc. heis (heeze, heisie), sb., the act of lifting up; swinging; aid; furtherance (cf. No. and Sw. hissa, Da. hisse, vb., to hoist).

hisin, hisen [hɩᶊɩn, hɩᶊən], adj., huddled up from cold, = kald-krogin; a h. body, a chilly person, always turning to the fire. U. (U^wg.). In the expr. “to sit h. ower de fire” hisin, hisen, might, however, be regarded as a pres. part. of the verb *his, which otherwise is not used. — For the root *his see above under hirski, adj.

hits [həts (hʌts, h^ɛits, h^æits)], vb., a) to incite a dog on sheep; b) to chase sheep or other animals, esp. swine, pigs, from the home-field with threatening shouts; to h. de sheep awa f(r)ae de tun (L.: həts). hots [hȯts]: Sa. Prop. to cry hits (hots)! See the foll. word.

hits [h^ɛits, h^æits, hæits, həts, hʌts], interj., a) at him! a shout to set dogs on sheep; b) hoy! halloo! threatening shout to animals, esp. sheep and swine (pigs), in chasing them away, “həts” is doubtless the most common of the given forms of pronunciation (reported from Fe., Y. occas., Nm.), “hʌts” and “h^ɛits, h^æits, hæits”: Uⁿ. — In conn. with herri: h. herri [həts hərri] (Fe.) as a shout to swine (pigs). — hots [hȯts]: Sa. From Yⁿ. is reported an extended form hitstak [hətstak], a threatening shout to sheep and cattle. — Fær. huts, interj., at him! (a shout to incite dogs on sheep). See haust, hauts, vb. and interj.

hitt [hɩt, het], vb., now commonly used in Shetl. = Eng. hit, but it is still heard used in the earlier sense: to find; to meet with, = O.N. hitta.

hivda [hɩvda], in the expr. “dried a-h.” (Sa.), appl. to meat and fish, dried in the air, see further under vivda, sb.

hived, sb., see heved, sb.

hivl, hivel [hevəl], vb., to trudge, plod; to walk clumsily and draggingly, to h. or geng hivlin (N.Roe, Nmⁿ.); to wear old, worn-out shoes, much too large, to h. aboot in a pair o’ auld shune [‘old shoes’] (Fe.). Parallel form to hovl, hovel, vb.; q.v.

hivlet [hevlət], adj., having a trudging gait and a bad carriage; a h. body [‘person’]. N.Roe. Deriv. of hivl, hivel, vb.

hjada [hjāda] and hjad [hjād], sb., 1) a carcass, esp. of an animal (sheep), or remains of such an animal, found in the out-field. Yⁿ. In this sense also found often in pl.: hjadins [hjādɩns, hjādins]: Y^{h., n}.; “I’m funn (I have found) de hjad or de hjadins o’ it”. 2) a miserable, bony being (animal), hjada: Yⁿ. — hjada prob. for *jada from an old *eta, f., a carcass; hjadins from *jadins, prop. def. pl. form, orig. *eturnar from *etur, pl. Cf. No. eta, f., and etur, f. pl., bait for beasts of prey; carcass. For the Shetl. form with breaking cf. O.N. jata, f., = eta, f., a manger. Breaking of e to ja is found in Shetl. Norn in various words in which it is not to be found in O.N.; see Introd. V. (also N.Spr. VII) § 26. Prefixed initial h before j is found in several Shetl. Norn words, e.g. hjagl = jagl, vb. (see below), hjog from *jog(a), sb., the eye.

hjagl, hjagel [hjagəl], vb., to cut with a blunt knife, = sjagl², vb.; q.v.

hjakel [hjākəl], sb., the lower corner of a straw-basket. U. Poss. the same word as No. hekel, m., a corner, edge, with breaking of the main vowel e to ja; see further under hjokel, sb.

hjalpinsten, sb., see hjelpersten and hjolpinsten.

hjams, hjamst, adj., odd; foolish; see further hims(t), himset, adj.

hjegel, hjigel [hjegəl, hjɩgəl] and hjigelti [hjɩg··əlti·], sb., hard stone, quartz, esp. in a soft species of stone. Also in forms with dropped initial h: jegel, jigel [jegəl, jɩgəl], jigelti [jɩg··əlti·]. N.I. (h)jigelti is reported from Y^h.; elsewhere more comm.: (h)jegel, (h)jigel. From Uⁿ. is reported a form hjogel, hjugel [hjogəl] besides (h)jegel, (h)jigel. sjoggersten [ᶊȯg··ərsten·] (Esh., Nm^w.) from an older *hjogelsten with change of hj > sj, though hj here is not the original form (cf. sjela, sb., from O.N. héla). — O.N. hégeitill, m., hard stone, white or light grey quartz.

hjelpersten [hjɛ‘l··pərsten·], hjelpinsten [hjɛ‘l··pɩnsten·] and hjilpersten [hjɩ‘l··pərsten·], sb., a flat stone, lintel-stone, at the top in the mouth of a kiln, the innermost edge of which projects into the kiln space, protecting the corn, spread on laths, from the fire in the kiln. Conn, (hjelper- and hjilpersten). Nm^w. (Esh.) and U^wg. (hjelpinsten). — Other cognate forms are hjalpinsten [hja‘l··pɩnsten·] (Wh.; L.), jalpinsten (Wests. and Du. occas. (Ireland)) and jalpersten [ja‘l··pərsten·] (Fo. occas.). — From *hylpr? prop. knot; hump? For the supposed etymology of the word see further under hjolpinsten, sb.

hjema, hjemelt, sb., see *hema, hemelt, sb.

*hjemis-place, see bøl, sb. 2.

hjems, adj., see hims(t), himset, adj.

hjenkl, hjenkel, vb., see henkl.

hjigl, hjigel [hjɩgəl], vb., to cut with a blunt knife, see further sjagl² and jigl, vbs.

hjimmelsferd, sb., see himmelsferd.

hjimp [hjɩ‘mp], vb., 1) in boat-fishing: to haul up the fishing-line with quick, short jerks; a hjimpin (jerky, unsteady) way to hail [‘haul’] (Uⁿ.); to pull up the line a few fathoms when it has reached the sea-bottom, in order to prevent it from sticking fast there. Y^{h., n}.; U^wg. hjump [hjo‘mp]: U^mo. The fathoms, which a line is pulled up in this way, are called “de hjimpin (hjumpin) fadoms”. Occas. the same expr. is used, applied to the fathoms of line hastily given out, preventing a big fish, esp. a halibut, which has taken the bait, from running with the whole length of line and breaking it; “gi’e de fish de hjimpin fadoms!” U^s. Cf. the expr. “rosin fadoms” under ros, vb. 2) to draw a straw or (in later times) the back of the blade of a razor up and down the incisions (bens; see ben, sb.) made by the point of a knife on an injured part of the body, esp. the leg, to make the blood flow and keep the wound open; to h. ower de bens (the incisions); to h. de leg. Y^h. hjump [hjo‘mp]: U^mo. — From an older *himp, the root of which is cognate with hims (see hims, sb. and vb., hims(t), himset, adj.), and denotes quick movement. Cf. also the foll. adj., hjimp(et). — For hjimp, vb., a form kimp, vb., q.v., is used in Uⁿ. in both senses.

hjimp [hjɩ‘mp, hjə‘mp] and hjimpet [hjɩ‘mpət], adj., 1) that speaks abruptly, giving short answers; a hjimp person. U^s. 2) half-insane; wrong in the mind; h.-lookin’. U^{n., wg}. Really prob. with queer, sudden movements (jerks) and whims, from an older *himp(et); see further under hims(t), himset, adj., which is used occas. in same sense, and with the root of which hjimp(et) is cognate.

hjims, hjimset, hjimst (hjimpst), adj., see hims, himset, himst, adj.

hjog¹ [hjōg (hjōγ)], sb., a hill, height; occas. (in place-names) of somewhat greater heights. The word is now obsolete in its general sense, but is, however, still found in a few places in the sense of tumulus; old burial ground, thus in Y. (Yⁿ.) [hjōg] and in Sandw., Du. [hjōγ]. The word appears frequently in place-names; uncompounded mostly with prefixed art. “de” and, partly at any rate, with meaning understood; comm. pronounced: hjōg, e.g.: “de mukkel and de piri Hjog (hjog)”, the great and the small hill, two heights between Baltasound and Haroldswick, Unst. Further: de Hjogs o’ Hwefirt’ (Nm.), o’ Taft (De.), “de Hjog” and “de Hjogins [hjōgɩns] o’ Velji” (Fe.), the latter from an old “haugarnir”, def. pl., with a later added Eng. pl. s. See Shetl. Stedn., p. 103. The word is noted down in a single compounded place-name høg [hø̄g], viz. in the name of a fishing-ground: Rivena-høgena-wi [rɩv··əna·-hø̄··gəna·-wi̇̄] (U^w.), named after two landmarks, by means of which it is to be found: *rifan or (accus.) rifuna-hauginn-við, “the cleft in a line with the hill”. — O.N. haugr, m., a mound; a cairn.

hjog² [hjōg], sb., in plaiting a straw-basket: two lengths of straw, plaited. Esp. in pl.: de hjogs, the plaited parts of straw of which a basket is made; de hjogs o’ de kessi = de “een” [‘eyes’] o’ de kessi. N.I. The more widely used “een”, pl. of L.Sc. ee, sb., the eye, for hjogs, shows that hjog, in this sense, replaces an older *jog in sense of eye; see further *joga, sb. — O.N. auga, n., the eye.

hjogel, sb., see hjegel, sb.

hjogelben [hjog··əlben·, hjō··gəlben·], sb., the shoulder-blade, esp. the projecting edge of it, adjoining the collar-bone, of an animal. Yⁿ. [hjog··əlben·]. U. occas. [hjō··gəlben·]. hjogel prob. replaces *hjokl from an older *jokl, *okl. O.N. ǫxl, f., the shoulder, axlarbein, n., the shoulder-bone. jokl, jokel [jɔkəl] is preserved in Shetl. (Conn.) in sense of a knotty crag; corner (shoulder) of a mountain or hill, = O.N. ǫxl. In Shetl. place-names is found occas. Hjokl- for Jokl- in sense of knot, corner, e.g. de Point o’ Hjokla [hjåkla] (Br.), de Hjoklins [hjɔklins] (U^wg.), two sharp curves in the coast-line (steep coast). Cf. hjokelsrigg, hjoklarigg, and see moreover hjokel, sb., into which “ǫxl”, together with “hœkill”, has poss. been merged. For the development ksl (xl) > kl in Shetl. Norn, see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 38 g.

hjogeldarigg [hjō··gəldarɩg·, hjog·əlda-], hjogelesrigg [hjō··gələsrɩg·, hjog··ələs-] and hjogelsterigg [hjō··gəlstərɩg·, hjog··əlstə-], sb., the high, curved part of a swine’s back, nearest the neck. Y. and occas. U. and Fe. hjogelda-, hjogeles-, hjogelsterigg: Y.; the form hjogelste- is reported from Yⁿ. hjogelesrigg: U. occas. “hjogelesrigg” and hjogelsrigg [hjog··əlsrɩg·]: Fe. occas. From Y^b. is reported a form hoveldarig [hō··vəldarɩg·, hō··vəldərɩg·]. — Poss. an original *há-geitils (geitla)-hryggr. “-gelda-, -gelste-, -geles-”, in that case, for “(O.N.) geitla, gen. pl., and geitils, gen. sing.” respectively. O.N. geitill, m., hard lump, in Shetl. apparently used in sense of dorsal vertebra; see further under getlarigg and gitel (riggagitel), sbs. Esp. with regard to the first part of the compd. hjo (ho)- cf. Fær. háryggur, m., “high-back”, applied to the foremost part of a sheep’s back, nearest the neck. — Whether the forms hjokelsrigg and esp. hjoklarigg (q.v.) are to be classed with the Fær. word is doubtful, as in this case a deriv. of “ǫxl” might be suggested.

hjogfinni [hjok·fəᶇ·ɩ, -fɩᶇ·ɩ, hjɔk·-], sb., a strange, odd-looking object or person; an odd, dwarfish being; brownie. U., Y. Prop. “eitt *haugfunnit”, something found in a tumulus; see further under the foll. hjogfinni, adj.

hjogfinni [hjɔk·fəᶇ·ɩ, -fɩᶇ·ɩ, (hjok·-)], adj., odd; strange; old-fashioned; long hidden; mysterious; auld [‘old’] h. tings; dey had some auld h. tings gaderd [‘gathered’] op aboot dem, naebody kent o’ [‘nobody knew of’], they had a collection of queer, old objects, which nobody knew anything about. Y^b. — *haugfunninn, found in a tumulus (haugr); No. haugfunnen, adj., d) found in a tumulus; b) odd; strange; queer.

hjogg, hjugg [hjog], vb., to cut; tear; pluck; de dog is hjoggin (hjuggin) at de ro, the dog is tearing the carcass; de fish is hjoggin (hjuggin) at de bait, the fish is nibbling at the bait. Uⁿ. O.N. hǫggva, vb., to hew, cut, which latter words are now used in Shetl. in proper sense. Cf. hogg¹, hugg, sb.

hjokel [hjɔkəl, hjåkəl], sb., 1) a flap; corner, part of a slaughtered animal’s (esp. a sheep’s) skin; foot of a skin (sheep’s skin); occas. also the skin which has covered the shoulder or the thigh together with the foot. Also in the form hjoklin [hjɔklɩn], reported from Conn. in the last given sense: “de fore-hjoklin” and “de hint [‘hind’]-hjoklin”. 2) a corner in the bottom of a plaited basket (straw-basket), one of the two bottom corners in a transport-basket; de hjokels o’ a kessi, bødi or koddi. In this sense a form hjakel [hjākəl], besides hjokel [hjɔkəl], is found in U. (Uⁿ.). — Prob. an original *hœkill. Cf., esp. with regard to meaning 1, O.N. hœkill, m., the knee-joint of an animal’s hind leg, hough, No. høkel, m., id., Fær. høkil, m., the two bones (with the flesh) of a slaughtered animal’s (sheep’s) shoulder, nearest the shoulder-blade, Icel. hækill, m., a corner, the extreme end of an object (B.H.), Sw. dial. hykkäl, m., the heel. In sense 2, hjokel may be the same word; cf. Icel. hækill, m., corner. hjakel might spring from another word with a similar sence; cf. No. hekel, m., a corner; flap. For the breaking of e to ja in Shetl., see under hjada, sb. As the word “shooder [‘shoulder’]”, however, is occas. used in a similar sense to hjokel, occas. in sense of corner in the bottom of a basket, and occas. in the last sense, given under hjokel 1 (fore- and hint-shooder = fore- and hint-hjoklin), a merging of the two originally quite different words may have taken place in Shetl., viz.: “hœkill” and O.N. ǫxl, f., the shoulder. The word “ǫxl” assumes different forms in Shetl. Norn: a) *akkel, okkel, b) with prefixed j: jokl, jokkel; c) further with prefixed h before j: hjokl, hjog(e)l; see further under jokl, sb., and the compds. hjogelben, hjoklarigg, sbs.

hjokelhjog [hjɔk··əlhjōg·], sb., one of the lengths of straw, used for plaiting the bottom corner of a straw-basket. Esp. in pl.: hjokelhjogs. See hjokel, sb., and hjog², sb.

hjokfinni, sb. and adj., see hjogfinni.

hjokk [hjåk], adj., small, only used as a tabu-word in fishermen’s lang. at sea (opp. to ød, large); de hook is ower h., the hook is too small. U^wg. Obscure origin.

hjokl, hjokel [hjɔkəl, hjåkəl], vb., to tie up one of the forelegs of an animal, esp. that of a sheep, to prevent it from running; to h. a sheep. Occas. with guttural sound hjochl, hjochel [hjɔχəl, hjåχəl], doubtless through infl. of the word “hoch [‘hough’]” in “to hoch-bend”, to tie the foreleg of an animal to the hough. — *hœkla, vb., from O.N. hœkill, m., knee-joint, hough; cf. No. høkla, vb. n., to walk bent. See hobend, vb.

hjoklarigg [hjɔk··larɩg·] and hjokelsrigg [hjɔk··əlsrɩg·], sb., the fore-most curved part of a swine’s back, = hjogeldarigg, etc. hjoklarigg: Y^h. hjokelsrigg: U. occas. hjokla- may here well be explained from O.N. axlar, gen. sing. of ǫxl, f., the shoulder. A form hjogel, for *hjok(e)l from ǫxl, is found in the compd. hjogelben, sb.; q.v. A form hjogelrigg [hjō··gəlrɩg·], prop. characteristic of U., may stand either for hjogeldarigg, hjogelesrigg or for hjokel(s)rigg.

hjoklet [hjɔklət, hjåklət], hjuklet [hjoklət], adj., crooked; ill-shaped; of a strange, repulsive appearance; a h.-lookin’ body [‘person’]. Y. [hjɔklət, hjåklət; Y^b.: hjoklət]. *hœklóttr or *hyklóttr, adj., bent; really having crooked knees; cf. No. høkla and hykla, vb., to walk with crooked knees.

hjolk [hjå‘lk], vb., to catch hold of, cleverly, to h. onyting [‘something’], h. him (de fish) op! take in the fish quickly! (in fishing with hand-line). Uⁿ. Prob. syn. with No. holka, vb., in sense of to start off; drive on (with awkward violence).

hjolkinsten [hjå‘l··kɩnsten·], sb., a flat stone, lintel-stone at the top of the mouth of a kiln, the innermost edge of which projects into the kiln space, protecting the corn, spread on the laths, from the fire in the kiln. Uⁿ. hjolk- prob. replaces holk-, poss. in sense of knot, lump; see holk³, sb., and cf. the synonym hjolpinsten, in which hjolp- appears to contain a similar root-meaning.

hjolpins [hjɔ‘lpɩns], sb. pl., holes and rents in a garment. Fe. Is scarcely a compd. with O.N. hol, n., a hole. Rather a metaphor, applied jokingly: hollows? cf. poss. No. hylp, m., inter alia appl. to a deep object.

hjolpinsten [hjɔ‘l··pɩnsten·, hjå‘l··pɩnsten·], sb., projecting stone inside at the top of the mouth of a kiln, = hjolkinsten; q.v. U^{n., burr.}; Y^h.; Nm^s. hjolp- may poss. be referred, partly to Fær. hölpur, m., knot, lump, partly to No. hylp, m., inter alia clumsy object (too deep vessel, etc.). There is, however, also a form kjolpinsten, in which kjolp- refers to another word; see further under kilpersten, kelpersten, kelpinsten, which words are the general designations for the stone described under hjolkinsten. — The forms hjilpersten [hjɩ‘l··pərsten·] (Conn.), hjelpersten [hjɛ‘l··pərsten·] (Conn.) and hjelpinsten [hjɛ‘l··pɩnsten·] (Esh., Nm^w., U^wg.) might replace an older *hilpersten, and in that case the first part of the compd. doubtless points back to an original *hylpr, m., which prop. has had the same meaning as *kilpr or *kylpr from which kilpersten, kelpersten have arisen. — The form hjalpinsten [hja‘l··pɩnsten·] is reported from Wh. and L., from Wests. with dropped h: jalpinsten [ja‘l··pɩnsten·] and in Fo. is found jalpersten [ja‘l··pərsten·], prob. from original *hilpinsten, *hilpersten.

*hjolsa and *hjolskin [hjå‘lskɩn], sb., properly health, but only handed down in the following expletive term: idla jolsa [ɩdla jå‘lsa]! jilder hjolskin [jɩldər hjå‘lskɩn]! noted down respectively in Fo. (“idla jolsa”) and in Conn. (“jilder hjolskin”): ill luck take you! the deuce take you! Now obsolete and superseded by the oath “ill healt’”! — *ill heilsa. O.N. heilsa, f., welfare; health. — See helsin, helskin, sbs.

hjonamen, hjunamen [hjon··amən·, hjun··amən·], sb., a queer, droll-looking, savage-like person (e.g. with matted hair); wi’ a face like a h. Also hjonamel [hjɔn··aməl·, hjon··aməl]. U. The first part of the compd. hjona (hjuna)- is prob. No. haan(e), f., a fool, wretch, haan, m., senselessness, confusion. The second part men is poss. O.N. mynd, f., shape; figure; image (mel, in that case, is a corrupted form; l might be due to dissimilation).

hjonek [hjōnək, hjō^ənək], sb., 1) a small, emaciated person; turned op in (atill) a h., shrunken and emaciated. Y.; Fe. 2) a poor wretch; a useless, miserable person. N.I., esp. Y. and Fe. — In sense 1 the word indicates an association with No. hæna, vb., to become dried up, from *hán, *haan. With hjonek 2 cf. No. haan(e), f., a fool, poor wretch. See sjon, vb., sjonin and sjonament, sbs.

hjongs, vb., and hjongset, adj., see hungs, vb., humset¹ (hungset), adj.

hjonsa [hjɔ‘nsa (hj‘ånsa)], hjonsi [hjɔ‘nsi], sb., a hen (domestic fowl); only used as a tabu-word in fishermen’s language. Also with dropped h: jonsa [jɔ‘nsa, jå‘nsa] and jonsi [jɔ‘nsi (jå‘nsi)]. Fo. Original form: *hœns. O.N. hœna, f., a hen, hœnsn and hœns, n. pl., poultry. The Shetl. forms with final s in the root indicate that “hœns” was once used as a sing. word.

hjorken [hjȯ‘rkən], adj., greedy, voracɩous; very hungry. Nm^w. (Esh.). From the root *hark; cf. Fær. herkja, vb., h. í seg, to devour, to eat greedily, and see harki, sb.

hjos [hjɔs (hjås)], vb., to devour; de fish is hjost [hjåst] de bait, the fish has swallowed the bait far down so that the hook is fixed in the stomach. Fe., Nm. Prob. from the root “hás, denoting harsh guttural sound (O.N. háss, adj., hoarse; No. hæsa, vb., Sw. dial. häsja, hässja, håsa, vb., to pant, groan). No. haasken, adj., greedy, voracious, is doubtless derived from “*hás”, and cognate with Shetl. hjos. For the change of meaning cf. harki (herki), sb., and hjorken, adj.

hjosi [hjosi] and hjosen [hjosən], sb., swine, esp. a young pig. Fo. The word is used as a pet name or jokingly; formerly used by Foula fishermen as a tabu-name at sea. The ending -en in hjosen is poss. the old def. art.; note the use of the word in def. form without prefixed “de [‘the’]” in the expr.: Are ye [‘have you’] gi’en hjosen ony met? have you given the pig any food? — The word is poss. to be classed with hjos, vb., to devour, and might, in that case, denote the greedy one; cf. harki (herki), sb., with a similar root-meaning as a tabu-name for swine. It may, however, be noticed that hyss (huss), hyssing, hysäre, m., in sense of swine, (young) hog, is found in Sw. dial., acc. to Ri.

hjukkisten [hjok··isten·], sb., a grindstone. Uⁿ. (Haroldswick). Poss. for *jukkisten, the first part of which might be No. and Sw. (dial.) jukka, vb., to move up and down; cf. No. jugga, vb., to move slightly to and fro. For prefixed h, see e.g. hjada, sb., hjagl, vb., hjog², sb., and hjogelben, sb.

†hjukl, hjukel [hjukəl, hjokəl], vb., partly to cut, partly to tear up poor corn, not sufficiently grown to be regularly reaped; to h. corn; to h. op corn. Conn.; Du. Doubtless prop. to grip or to hook, = No. huka, vb. (Aa.: Suppl., and R.).

hjums, sb., see hums², sb.

hjumset and hjungset, adj., see humset¹ (hungset), adj.

hjunamen, sb., see hjonamen, sb.

hnag, hnjag [hᶇāg], vb., fig., to gnaw; pinch; wrench, esp. appl. to pain; a hn(j)agin pain. O.N. gnaga and naga, vb., to gnaw. Cf. nag (njag), vb., which is used in a wider sense. — From Conn. is reported a form gneg [gnɛg, gnæg], in proper sense to gnaw; de dog is gnegin de ben.

hnapp(i), sb., see knapp, sb.

hnark, hnjark [hᶇa‘rk], vb., to creak, see knark (knjark), vb.

hnepp [hnɛp, hnæp], vb., to tie; clench; to h. de nev, to clench the fist; a hneppet nev, a clenched fist; to h. de mesi, to tie the bearing-bands (de fetels) around the straw-work basket, in transport by a pack-horse; to h. a mesi o’ hay, o’ strae [‘straw’], to tie a rope around the middle of a straw-work basket, containing hay or straw. The form hnepp is characteristic of Eastside. On Westside, where original hn and hv change to kn and kw respectively, knepp [knæp] is commonly used. In S.Sh. hnepp and knepp alternate. In a few places, occas. in N.I., snepp [snɛp, snæp] alternates with hnepp. Cf. the change hj > sj. — O.N. hneppa and kneppa, vb., to press; squeeze; pinch together, properly to make “scant”.

hnif (hnjif) [hnɩf, hnəf, hᶇɩf, hᶇəf] and hnof [hnȯf], adj., clever; active. See knif, adj.

hnokk, sb., see knokk¹, sb.

hnolt [hnɔ‘ᶅt, hnå‘ᶅt], sb., a strong, well-knit young person (esp. a man), a h. o’ a chap. N. Doubtless a clod from an original *knolt; cf. No. knolte, m., a knoll (O.N. knollr, m., id.). See knolt¹, sb., used in a different sense.

ho [hō], sb., a shark, a species of small shark, squalus acanthias. comm. O.N. hár (Icel. háfr), No. haa, m., Da. haj, a shark.

hobagi [hō·bā·gi], sb., a small species of gull, larus fuscus. Fe. Considered to be a special kind, different from the larger, so-called bagi or swartbak, swabi. — ho is here poss. the root “há”, which in No. (haa) is found used of a hostile or irritating flock or crowd (sanka haa, håast, to attack fiercely, e.g. of gnats, R.; Icel. há, vb., to plague; attack; disturb). The same first part of compd. is poss. to be found in hoskitek, a species of small cuttle-fish, opp. to the larger skitek.

hobb [hȯb], sb., 1) commotion in the sea, swell; a h. i’ de sea. Uⁿ.; Du. 2) a thing or person constantly being disparagingly talked about; to ha’e ane for a h., to expose someone to derision or scorn. N.I. (Y.; Fe.). — hobb for *opp, deriv. of O.N. upp, adv., up; “*ypp” with dropped i-mutation; cf. No. ypp, m., a lifting. See further under hobb, vb., and hobbastju, sb., = uppastju.

hobb [hȯb], vb., 1) to bring into conversation, to hint at something in a joking or (mostly) derisive way, to h. op to ane [‘one’] aboot somet’in’. Y. 2) to expose someone to disparaging report; to accuse someone, esp. of theft; also to treat one as a veritable thief; dey hobbed [hȯbəd] him as a tief, for a tief [‘thief’]; hobbet [hȯbət] ut o’ de place, driven away from a place on account of disparaging talk or accusations, esp. of theft. a hobbet tief, a veritable thief. N.I. (Y.; Fe.). — hobb for *opp, deriv. of O.N. upp, adv., up; O.N. yppa, vb., a) to lift up; b) to make known, etc.; No. yppa, vb., inter alia to bring into conversation, Sw. yppa. Da. yppe, vb. The i-mutation is dropped in the Shetl. word. With regard to hobb for *opp cf. the compd. hobbastju = uppastju, sb. — In Unst hobb is commonly replaced by the word skib [O.N. skipa, vb.].

hobbastju [hȯb··astjū·, -stju·], sb., hubbub; stir; tumult; to had [‘hold’] a h.; to be in a h. U. hobbistju [hȯb··istjū·, -stju·]: Yⁿ. Is the same word as uppastju, sb.; q.v. — From Uⁿ. is reported a form hobbelskju [hȯb··əlskjū·, -sᶄu·] in sense of a) great dilemma, difficulty; b) commotion in the sea or a very rough sea, esp. on account of strong current. The word appears to be L.Sc. hubbilschow, hobbleshow, sb., tumult, hubbub, mingled with a) Eng. hobble in sense of dilemma, and b) Shetl. hobb, sb., commotion in the sea; see prec. For another hobbelskju, see below.

hobbaviti [hȯb··avit·i] and hobdiväit [hȯb··diväit·], sb., a notorious thief. Y.: hobbaviti. Fe.: hobdiväit. to mak’ ane a hobdiväit, to charge one with theft, to treat one as a thief. Prob. an original “*yppt vættr or vætti”, in which “yppt” is a perf. part. of O.N. yppa, vb. (pt.), to lift up; to make known; see hobb, vb. (2). The second part is viti, sb., corresponding to Fær. vætti, n., a wretched (small) person (tjóvsvætti, a thief), O.N. vættr, f., a being. hobd- prob. springs from “yppt”, while hobba- may spring from “*yppað” (vættr, f.) or “*yppat” (vætti, n.); cf. No. yppad = yppt, perf. part. of yppa, vb. See hobnaviti, sb.

hobbelsk(j)u [hȯb··əlskjū·, -sᶄū·, -sᶄu·], adv., really prob.: sb., wrong, reverse (wrong or reverse position); only noted down appl. to boots and shoes fitting badly, or put on the wrong foot; to ha’e shune [‘shoes’] on h.; to put on de shune or boots h. Y. Appears to be a mingling of hobbelskju (mentioned under hobbastju) and hogelsku, og(g)elsku, q.v., applied to worn-out and badly fitting shoes.

hobbi, sb., see hovi, sb.

hobbistobb [hȯb··istȯb·], sb., a bad piece of sea, agitated tide-rip. Uⁿ. hobbi- from hobb, sb., commotion in the sea; q.v. The second part of the compd. is doubtless O.N. stobbi, stubbi or stubbr, m., a stub, stump; see stobb¹, sb.

hobend [hō·bɛnd··, -bænd··], sb., a piece of cord tied round the hough of an animal (a sheep, a young cow). Y. For *hoband from original *háband. See hobend, vb.

hobend [hō·bɛnd··, -bænd··], vb., to tie a band round the hough of an animal (esp. a sheep or a young cow) to prevent it from wandering far. Y. *hábenda. No. haabenda, Icel. hábenda and hábinda, vb., id. (O.N. *há, f., hásin, f., the hough). — For hobend is now commonly used (in any case outside Y.) a form “houghbend, hochbend [hɔχ·bɛnd··, håχ·bɛnd··, -bænd··]”, the first part of which is Eng. and L.Sc. hough, sb. Cf. L.Sc. houghband, vb., to tie a band round the hough of an animal.

hobi, sb., see hovi, sb.

hobiter [hob··it·ər (hȯb··it·ər)], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for the horse. Yⁿ.; Br. Prob. for *hogbiter from an older *hagbítr or *hagbítari, “the one that grazes in (prop. bites) the hill-pasture”. See hoga, hog, sb., hill-pasture. For a compd. *hogbiter cf. the Fær. expr. “bíta hagan”, to graze in the hill-pasture (O.N. bíta, vb., to bite, also to graze). — A parallel form høbiter [høb··it·ər] is rather a corruption of the vowel-sound in the first part of the compd., and orig. hardly to be classed with No. and Da. hø, hay.

hobnaviti [hȯb··navit·i] and hobnavita [hȯb··navit·a], sb., a person exposed to idle reports and mockery, to ha’e ane for a hobnavita. Also with dropped ending: hobnavit [hȯb··navit·]. Fe. Poss. an *yppanar- or yppingar-vætti. Or for *hobdaviti? See further under hobb, vb. [O.N. yppa], and hobbaviti (hobdiväit), sb.

hobrand [hōbrən, hōb^ərən, hō··bərən·], sb., 1) a species of large shark; esp. the blue shark, squalus glaucus, acc. to Edm. Zetl. (hobrin). No. haabrand, m., id. hobrand is sometimes used of “de hobrigdi”. 2) metaphorically: a) a big, ugly being (fellow), a great, ugly h. [hōb^ərən]: N.Roe; a hobrand-slunk [hō··bərən·-slo‘ŋk], a tall, bony fellow, a maypole (Du.); see slunk, sb.; b) a miserable animal, a pør [‘poor’] h.: Du. — *hábrandr. Cf. ho, hokel, hokillin, homer, horøvi, hoskerri, sbs.

hobrigdi [hō‘brɩg··di], sb., the basking shark (the largest species of shark). De. *há(f)brugða or -brygða. See ho, sb., and brigda, brigdi, sb. In Unst sulbrigda (-brigdi), q.v., is found as a name for the basking shark.

hoch [(hɔχ) håχ], sb., ability; fitness; skill; handiness; he has nae [‘no’] h. for de wark [‘work’]. N.Roe. Cf. O.N. hag- in hagleikr, m., fitness; skill; O.N. hagr, adj., handy; skilful. For the uncommon guttural sound in hoch, cf. e.g. dagh, dach, = dag¹, sb.

hoddek¹ [hådək, håⁱdək], sb., the stern-compartment in a boat. Du. As the word “hank, aft-hank” is used in the same sense in Shetl., hoddek is most prob. the same word as O.N. hadda, f., an ear, a handle, No. hodda. Eng. dial. huddock. Cf. horek¹, sb.

hoddek² [hȯdək], sb., a plaited straw-basket, kessi, esp. a peat-basket, made from straw or mugwort, artemisia (bulwand, bulment), with two loops, one on each side. Du. The word can doubtless be explained as a derivative: *hǫddungr, a basket with a handle, from O.N. hadda, f., a handle, because “de hoddek” has two loops in contrast to the common transport-basket or kessi, which has only one loop. Cf. the L.Sc. designations “hankie” and “luggie” (from “lug”, ear), denoting various kinds of vessels with handles.

hofn, hofen [hɔf^ən, hɔfən], vb., to swell, to h. op. Perf. part. hofend [hɔfənd], h. op, swollen. Rare. The form hof [hɔf], with dropped final n, is now more common; to hof op; perf. part.: hoft op. — *hofna. No. hovna, Da. hovne, vb., id. The form hof is doubtless due to infl. of Eng. huff, vb.

hofs [hɔfs] and hofsa [hɔfsa], sb., 1) a rushing along, great haste; to be in a h., to hurry along, hasten, speed. 2) hastiness; agitation of mind; to be in a h., to be very excited. Fe. The word prob. springs from O.N. ofsi, m., presumption; violence; impetuosity (cf. No. ofse, m.); Icel. ofsi, m., agitation of mind; passionate flaring up. — hofs is also found in sense of irritable or offended state of mind, but merges here with Eng. huff, sb.

hofs [hɔfs], vb., to cause anything to swell, e.g. applied to bread; to h. op onyting [‘anything’], to h. op bread or loaf. Esh., Nm^w. For *ofs. O.N. ofsa, vb., handed down esp. in fig. sense: to exaggerate, do to excess.

hofsahellek [hɔf··sahɛᶅ·ək], sb., see ufsahella, -hellek, sb.

hofsek [hȯfsək], sb., a big, clumsy, unwieldy person, a great mukkel h. (“mukkel”, as intensive addition to “great”). De. Doubtless from an original *hufs (hyfs)-, and parallel form to hifsek, sb.; q.v. No. hufsa, hyfsa, vb., inter alia to walk with a jerking, plunging gait. Infl. from hofs [O.N. ofsa], vb.?

hofset¹ [hȯfsət], adj., big; clumsy; unwieldy; a h. body [‘person’]. De. Is to be classed with the preceding word. Cf. No. hufsen, adj., inter alia that walks with a jerking, plunging gait, and see hifs, vb.

hofset² [hɔfsət], adj., excitable; hasty. U., Fe. Deriv. of hofs (hofsa), sb. In the now more general sense, touchy; apt to get angry over trifles; easily offended, hofset assimilates in sense to Eng. dial. huffy, adj.

hofsi (hufsi), sb., edge-peat, sb., see ofsi, sb.

hog [hōg], sb., condition; state; der ’r a pør [‘poor’] h. upo dee, you look poorly. U. The same word as hag², sb.; q.v.

hoga [hōga, hoga (hɔga, hɔγa, hōγa)] and hog [hōg (hɔg)], sb., a pasture, out-field. In Uⁿ. hoga [hōga, hoga] and hog [hōg] denote a pasture in general, both the home-field and the out-field, occas. = okregert (stubble-field); de kye [‘cows’] will no [‘not’] keep de hog, the cows will not keep to the pasture where they ought to graze. Otherwise the word esp. denotes hill-pasture, out-field, = skattald, thus e.g. in Y. and Nm. occas. “to drive de sheep to de fardest [‘farthest’] hoga [hōga]” (Y^h.). In Nm. [hōga], esp. a place where the sheep gather for shelter (in the out-field). In Fe. the word is found as a place-name Lam(b)hoga [lam··oga·]: *lamb-hagi. In Conn. and Sandw. (Du.) is found a form hogi [hōgi] besides hoga [hoga, hɔγa, hōγa], used as a place-name, e.g. de Hogi or Hoga [hɔγa, hōγa] o’ Burraland (Sandw., Du.), “hōgi” is peculiar to Conn., “hɔγa, hōγa” to Sandwick. With long o-sound: de Hoga [hōga] o’ Lunabister (Scousburgh, Du.). — On Wests. the word is found preserved with suffixed def. art.: hogin [hogɩn] and hogen [hogən, hɔgən]. hogin: Fo.; otherwise more commonly: hogen, esp. as a place-name, e.g. de Hogen o’ Fogrigert [fɔg··rɩgə‘rt·] (Ai.): *Fagragarðs-haginn; de Hogen o’ Greenland, o’ Stapnes (W.), o’ Kolswik (St.), o’ Voe (De^w.); all these names border on a common noun. In Sa. hogen [hogən], and in Fo. hogin, are still common nouns; thus, e.g.: put de kye to de hogin! drive the cows into the hill-pasture! (Fo.). de “doon [‘down’]-hogin”, the lower part of the hill-pasture (nearest the village), opp. to: “de ophogin”, the higher (farther-off) part of the hill-pasture (Fo.). — hoga is occas. used of haunt, place of resort for people, in an obscure sense of the original meaning of the word (pasture); thus, e.g.: he ’s come back till his auld [‘old’] h. [hōga]: U^{wg., s.}; du’s been in a guid [gø̆d = ‘good’] h. [hōga], you seem to have had a good time where you have been, you look well and hearty, you have grown fat, etc. (U^wg.), prop. you have been in clover; he ’s come till a bony h. [hōga], he has come to a fine (i.e. bad) place (iron.). N.Roe or Wh. — O.N. hagi, m., a pasture; def. form: haginn. — Cf. a) bonnhoga, hemhoga, lam(b)hoga, hogaland, hogalif; b) hogsted, adj., hogsten, sb., and c) hag-, haga- as the first part of compds.

hogaland [hō··galand·], sb., pasture-land for cattle. U. Outside U. now doubtless used only as a place-name, mostly with a short o-sound [hog··aland·]. *hagaland or -lendi. O.N. haglendi, n., pasture-land, No. hageland, hag(e)lende, n., id., Fær. hagalendi [hǣ··alæn·di], n., a piece of hill-pasture (for grazing).

hogalif [hō··galɩf·, -lif·, hog··a-, hɔg··a-] and hogaliv, -leave [hō··galɩv·, -li̇̄v (hog··a-, hɔg··a-)], sb. 1) leave, permission for a man, for a fixed payment, to cut peats and have liberty of grazing for cattle in the out-field, belonging to another, occas. also to cut tekk (coarse grass and heather for thatching or litter). 2) payment for the permission mentioned under 1; to pay h. comm. Sometimes with dropped final consonant: hogali [(hō··gali·), hog··ali·, hɔg··ali·]. — *haga-løyfi. The first part of the compd. is hoga, sb., pasture, out-field; the second part lif (liv) is a mingling of forms of O.N. løyfi (leyfi), n., (leave, permission), and Eng. leave.

hogelsku, hogelskju [hȯg··əlsᶄū·, -sᶄu·, (-skjū·, -skju·), hog··əlsᶄū·, -sᶄu·, (-skjū·, -skju·)], sb., adj. and adv.: I) sb. (collect.), 1) worn-out shoes, down at the heels, reported in the expr. “to geng [‘go’] in h.”; 2) worn-out condition, appl. to shoes; to geng de shune [‘shoes’] in h., to wear one’s shoes so long that they become out of shape. II) adj.: h. shune, worn-out shoes, down at the heels; to geng de shune h. = to geng de shune in h. (see prec.); de shune (or boots) is gane [‘are gone’] h., the shoes (boots) have lost their shape. III) adv.: to geng h. (wi’ de shune or boots), to wear shoes (boots) that are worn-out and down at the heels. — The pronunciation with (close) o-sound “hogəl-” is reported from N.I. (esp. Y. and Fe.) as used alternately with “hȯgəl-”; elsewhere more comm.: hȯgəl-. — From Fe. is given a parallel form hoglaskou, -skjou [hȯg··lasᶄɔu·, hɔg··lasᶄɔu·] or hoglesk(j)ou [hɔg··ləsᶄɔu·], esp. in the exprs.: “to geng de shune in h.” (sb.), “to geng de shune h.” (adj.). — As a substantive the word is doubtless an old *hǫkulskór = *ǫkulskór, m., low shoes. “in hogelsku (hoglaskou)” prob.: *í hǫkulskóm (dat. pl.). As an adj. and adv. hogelsku, etc., may partly be a) O.N. hǫkulskúaðr, supposedly = ǫkulskúaðr, adj., wearing shoes, reaching (or above) the ankles, partly b) appear as a shortening of the expr. “in hogelsku”. to geng in h.: ganga í hǫkulskóm; “to geng h.” most prob. “ganga hǫkulskúaðr”. — Cf. og(g)elsku, sb.

hoger [hōgər], sb., 1) (bad) state or condition; shø made a puir h. o’ him, she did not look well after him (U.). 2) profit; result, esp. poor profit; unsuccessful result of something; hit cam’ till a puir h., it (the undertaking, errand, work) had a poor result (fairly comm.); he made a puir h. o’ it, he made a muddle of it (U.). — O.N. hagr, m., condition; advantage, etc. -er in hoger is doubtless the old nom. sign in the masc. gender which is grafted into the word. See hag², sb., which prop. is the same word, and to which hoger assimilates in a few phrases (he made a puir hoger o’ it = he made a puir hag o’ it).

hogg¹, hugg [(hɔg) hog] and hoggi, huggi [hɔgi, hogi], sb., a blow, push, only noted down in foll. meanings and collocations: a) a drubbing; chastisement; to get hoggi, huggi; N.I. [Fe.: hɔgi; Uⁿ.: hogi]. b) in the expr. “to play h.”, to play “tig”, a boy’s game: A gives B a blow or tap, after which B tries to catch A.; N.I. U.: hogg, hugg (Uⁿ.) and hoggi, huggi. In Fe. comm.: hɔgi. Cf. pikki-hoggi, sb. — O.N. hǫgg, n., a blow; stroke.

hogg² [hɔg] and hoggin [hɔgin, hɔgɩn], sb., a piece of false keel, piece of rounded keel in the stem or stern of a boat, in the compd. “keel-h.” Reported from U. and Ai. — Doubtless a hewn piece, and in that case, originally the same word as, or a deriv. of, hogg¹, sb.

hoggistaf, huggistaf, -staff [hɔg··istaf·, hog··istaf·], sb., a gaff by which a large fish is hooked, in order to haul it above the surface of the water. comm. “hɔg··istaf·”: Y. and Fe.; elsewhere more comm.: hog··istaf·. — *hǫgg-(stafr). O.N. hǫgg, n., a blow, Shetl. hogg(i), hugg(i); see hogg¹, sb. The second part of the compd. may be either O.N. stafr, m., or Eng. staff, sb.

hogj [hōdᶎ], vb., to bend down, crouch, in the expr. “to h. anesell [‘oneself’]”, to stoop; crouch down, esp. over the fire; he is hogjin [hōdᶎɩn] him [‘himself’] ower de fire; hogj dee [‘yourself’] in till de fire! Conn. — O.N. høykja (heykja), vb., to crouch on one’s haunches, esp. reflexively: høykjask (heykjask), to crouch down; Fær. hoykja seg, vb., to sit down for a while; No. hykja, vb., to bend down, hykja seg, to crouch down. — The development kj > gj [dᶎ] is rather rare initially and finally in Shetl. Norn words. The development kj > k or g, when final or initial with dropped j, is more common. gi > gji > dᶎɩ, e.g. in belgjin, sb.

hogla [hōgla], sb., hill-pasture; truss awaa to de h.! go (trudge) along to the pasture! a shout to a cow. Fe. Is the same word as haglet (haaglet), sb., [*hag(a)-leiti]; q.v.

hogri, hogeri, sb., see hagri², hageri, sb., and hoger, sb.

hogsted [hɔg··stɛd·], adj., applied to cattle, esp. sheep: frequenting a certain place in the hill-pasture; h. sheep. Conn. *hag-stœðr. O.N. hagfastr, adj., of sheep, is found in the same sense as Shetl. hogsted. See *hagasted, adj.

hogsten [hɔg··sten·], sb., a boundary-stone (esp. corner-stone), dividing pastures in the out-field. Wh. *hag(a)steinn. See *hag¹, hagmark and hagmet, sbs.

†hoid [hɔid, håid], †hoit [(hɔi‘t) håi‘t, hȯi‘t], †hoitt [hȯi‘tt, hȯƫ], sb., a hut, esp.: a) sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for booth, fishermen’s hut, one of the collection of huts from which fishing is (was) carried on in common, during the summer, away from home; in this sense comm. in the form hoid. b) a mean house; also (e.g. in Sa.) a smoky, dirty house. In sense b comm. in the form hoit (hoitt); a h. o’ a hole, a mean hut (Fe.: hȯi‘t and occas. hȯi‘tt); in Sa. pronounced “håi‘t”. — In Fo. is found a form hotti or hutti [hot(t)i] = hoid (sense a). — The different forms indicate that the word has not recently found its way into Shetl. from Eng. (hut). It might be a loan-word from Germ. (Dut.) or from M.Eng.; M.H.G. and Mod.H.G. hütte, Ndl. hut, M.Eng. hotte. For the final d in hoid cf. Sw. hydda, f., a hut.

hoidin¹ [(hɔidɩn) håidɩn], sb., the ridge of a height, top or uppermost part of a high hill or bank, esp. in pl.: hoidins; de hoidins o’ de hill; we ’re gotten to de hoidins, we have climbed up near the top. Y^h. As a place-name, in names of heights, the word is found in different forms; thus: de Hodens or Hoddens [hɔdəns, hɔ̇dəns] o’ de Kwols (*Hwols), o’ de Ness (Sa.), heights, elevated pastures: *hals-hæðirnar (hœðirnar), *nes-hæðirnar (hœðirnar); de Hoidins ^a) [håidɩns] (Y^b.), ^b) [hȯidɩns] (Sound near Lerwick, M.), denoting in both cases the uppermost part of a hill; de Hoddins, Hoddjins [hȯᶁᶎɩns] o’ Raga [rāga] (Y^h.), an elongated height. — O.N. hæð (and hœð), f., a height; summit; No. hædd, hø(d) and høgd, f., Fær. hædd and høgd [hövd], f., a height. The Shetl. forms hoidin, hoddjin (hoddin) rather presuppose “hædd” or “hǫgd” as a root-form, -in is the def. art. grafted into the word; hoidin, hodd(j)in, thus prop. *hæddin or *hǫgdin; de hoidins, hodd(j)ins = *hæddirnar or ’“hǫgdirnar.

hoidin² [hɔidin (håidin)] and hoidien [hɔi··diən· (håi··diən·, hɔi··di̇̄^ən·, håi··-)], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for clergyman. Also hoitin [hɔitin (håitin)] and hoitien [hɔi··tiən· (håi··-)]. U. Poss. he who threatens or waves his arms (in the pulpit), from an older *hottin. Cf. No. hytta, vb., to threaten; to wave the hand, to reach for (O.N. hóta and hœta, vb., to threaten). Cf. nicknames, tabu-names for clergyman, such as loder and uppstander.

hoidin-fer [hɔidɩn-fē^ər], sb., the last trip to the hill when bringing home the peats (esp. by pack-horse); also the finishing of a work, esp. of harvest-work. Conn. Prob. *háttanarferð (*háttingar-) = *hættanarferð (*hættingar-). See further under hottena, etc., adj., sb. and interj.

*hoilost, sb., see *hollost, sb.

hoiltoit, sb. and adj., see halltott.

“*hoissan”, sb., the haddock, gadus æglefinus. In Low’s list of words from Foula. O.N. (Icel.) ýsa (ísa), f., No. hysa, Fær. hýsa, f., the haddock.

hoit, hoitt¹, sb., (strange) behaviour or condition (bodily form); see further hott¹, sb.

†hoit, hoitt², sb., a hut; see hoid, sb.

“*hoitafick”, adj., “applied to good or bad behaviour”. Coll. L. L. Bonaparte in E.D.D. See hott¹, sb.

hoitt³, sb., (supernatural) fear; see hott², sb.

*hoitt⁴, sb., deep-sea fishing grounds; see *hott³, sb. (adj.).

hoitted, hoited, adj., conditioned, see *hotted and ill-hoited, adj.

hoitti, hoiti, adj., touchy, etc., see *hotti, adj.

hoittin (hoittena, hoitna, hoitni), adj., sb. and interj., see hottena, etc.

hok [hɔk], vb., to sit squatting or crouching, esp. in the expr. “to sit hokin [hɔkɩn]”; to sit hokin ower de fire, to sit squatting or crouching close over the fire on the hearth to warm oneself. U. (U^wg.). O.N. hoka, vb., to be (sit, stand, go) bent; to creep; Icel. hoka, vb., to sit squatting. Cf. hug, huk and hukl, vbs.

hokel [hōkəl], sb., a species of large shark, greenland shark. O.N. hákarl, m., greenland shark, squalus carcharias; No. haakall, m., Da. havkal.

hoken, hokken [hɔkən, håkən], adj., greedy; voracious; very hungry. comm. A phrase: hit ’s ill for a hollow man to ha’e a h. hund, it is ill when a poor man has a greedy dog (comm.). — No. haaken (h. 4: R.), adj., ravenously hungry, and hæken, adj., greedy; voracious. Icel. mathákr, m., a glutton (O.N. hákr, m., an inconsiderate, insolent person).

hokillin [hō·kɩl·in], sb., a species of large shark, = hokel. Nm^w. (Esh.). For *hokellin from *hokerlin. O.N. hákerling, f., greenland shark (squalus carcharias); No. haakjerring, f.

hokken [håkən], hokner [håknər] and hokni¹ [håkni], sb., sea-term, tabu-name for the horse. U. Doubtless from Dut. hakkeneie, sb., a small horse (Eng. hackney, sb.), but assimilates to the foll. hokni², sb. With the form hokner there is the peculiarity that it is (was) still partly remembered as the old pl. form of hokken, hokni (O.N. -ar, -ir: pl. ending); but hokner is now mostly used in the sing., and hokners in the pl. Cf. the relation between skekel and skekler (skeklers),

hokl, hokkel [hɔkəl, håkəl], vb., to gut and clean a fish. to h. fish. Poss. for *holk (by metathesis of l and k) from and old *holka, vb., to hollow out. Cf. Eng. hulk, vb., and see holk¹ (hokk), sb. and vb.

hokni² [håkni], sb., a greedy, voracious person or animal. Y.; Fe. Deriv. of hoken, hokken, adj.

hol¹ [hōl, hō^əl], sb., a young coalfish, esp. a two- (or thre-) year-old coalfish, comm. in the compd. hol-piltek [pʌ‘ltək]. U., Y^{h., n}. hol for older *ol, either (and rather) = O.N. áll, m., an eel, or = O.N. vǫlr, m., a cylinder, round stick — in both cases alluding to the longish, narrow shape of the fish. Cf. ol in ollek = No. vallonga, f., a young ling. hol-piltek thus prob. from an original *ál (or *val)-piltr (piltungr).

hol² [hɔl], sb., a hole, O.N. hol, n.

hol [hɔl], vb., 1) to hole, O.N. hola, vb.; in Shetl. in a special sense: a) to make a hole in a sheep’s ear, to h. a lug (Fe.); b) to cause openings in the clouds; he is holin [hɔlɩn] de sky, there are clear spaces appearing in the cloud-covered sky (Y^h.). 2) to hollow out, to h. ut, = O.N. hola, vb., to make hollow.

holberd [hɔlbərd, hȯlbərd], holbert [hɔlbərt, hȯlbərt], adj. and sb.: I) adj., fleshy; full-figured; a h. craeter’ [‘creature’] (Wh.). A deriv. holberdli [hȯl··bərdli·] is reported from Wh., used partly of inanimate objects, e.g. holberdli stens, big, shapeless stones. II) sb., a big, full-figured person; a big, fleshy creature; a h. o’ a fellow, o’ a “quey” (a heifer). Occas. of inanimate objects: holberds o’ stens, big, shapeless stones (Wh.). — The pronunc. “hɔlbərd, hɔlbərt” is reported from Wests. (Ai.); elsewhere more comm.: hȯlbərd, hȯlbərt. — A form halbert [haᶅbərt, häᶅbərt] is reported from N.I., esp. as a substantive; a h. o’ a man, o’ a wife [‘woman’]. — O.N. holdborinn and *holdbærr, adj., fleshy, stout, a meaning not handed down, but found again in No. holdboren and holdbær, hollberin, adj. (O.N. “holdborinn” is handed down in sense of closely related, e.g. a natural brother, from hold, n., flesh). Cf. halderin, sb.

holg [hɔlg, hålg], sb., hollow sea; commotion in the sea with short, high-crested waves; der ’r [‘there is’] a h. i’ de sea. Fo. In the same place also olg [ȯᶅg], a o. o’ a sea, of agitated, crested sea. Different words? With holg it is most reasonable to compare No. “holga sjø”, hollow sea, and holga, vb., to make hollow sea, topping sea; cf. below holk¹, sb. and vb., and holkin, sb. olg may be either an orig. *holg-, or = Icel. ólga, f., swell, ólgusjór, m., agitated, billowy sea. Just as holk¹, sb., commotion in the sea, seems to be associated with *hulk, unevenness, knots (Shetl. holk, sb., knot, hunch), so there might be a similar association between holg and L.Sc. hulg, hulgie, sb., knot, hunch.

holgin [hȯlgin, hȯᶅgin (hɔ̇ᶅgin)], sb., a tall, big, imposing fellow. N.I. Also a big, raw-boned, clumsy person, a h. o’ a fellow, o’ a dog (Fe.). Prop. a bundle of straw, wisp of straw (or bundle, wisp of hay), and the same word as No. holge (halge), m., a bundle of straw or hay, which may be used metaphorically of a big, capable fellow. Cf. also the use of No. vondul, m., a wisp of hay, metaph. a clumsy, stumpy fellow. From Yⁿ. and U. is reported an i-mutated form hilgin, in U. in a somewhat divergent sense; q.v. In proper sense, bundle of straw (sheaf of straw), an anglicised form “hallow”, q.v., is used in Shetl.

holi [hɔli], adj., 1) holey, from O.N. hol, n., a hole. 2) uneven, full of hollows, from O.N. hola, f., a hollow. holi grund, uneven sea-bottom, fishing-ground (Nm.; De.). Often applied to the sea: rough; agitated; de sea is turnin’ very h. (Du^w.). For the latter use of the word, cf. holg, sb., holk¹, sb. and vb., and No. hola = holga, adj., concave; steep; precipitous.

holk¹ [hå‘lk, hȯ‘ᶅk], sb., hollow sea; heavy swell with crested waves, a h. i’ de sea, a h. o’ a sea, = holg, sb. N.I., Nm., Deⁿ. hå‘lk: U. occas. hȯ‘ᶅk: U. occas., Y., Fe., Nm., Deⁿ. In sense of hollow sea, holk is either the same word, as holg, with hardening of g to k (as frequently in Shetl. Norn), or more prob. an original *holk-; cf. No. holka, f., a hollow, (O.N.) *holka, vb., to hollow out. From U. is reported a parallel form hok or hokk [håk] with dropped l; with this latter cf. L.Sc. houk, howk = holk, vb., to hollow out, dig. Otherwise, holk, in sense of rough sea with crested waves, might be thought to be associated with No. hulk, n., roughness, etc. Note the use of words such as a) holter, hulter, sb.; b) humpi, adj.; c) hums (hungs, hunks), honki, sb., (prop. denoting unevenness, roughness), used of agitated sea. Cf. also holk² and hulk, vb., in sense of to stump. In holk¹, sb., two different words seem to have been merged together.

holk² [hȯ‘ᶅk (hɔ̇‘ᶅk), hå‘lk], sb., 1) a wooden vessel made of staves, narrower at the top than below, esp. for keeping fish-livers in, and for storing train-oil; a øli [‘oil’]-h. U. [hȯ‘ᶅk (hɔ̇‘ᶅk)]. 2) a big, awkward and clumsy person, unfit for work. U. [hå‘lk]; N.Roe [hȯ‘ᶅk]. In sense of something large and clumsy, appl. to inanimate objects, the word assimilates to the foll. holk³. From U^wg. is reported holok [hɔlɔk] in sense of a clumsy, ill-shaped person, a h. o’ a body. — O.N. holkr, m., a ferrule, a ring-shaped fitting; No. holk, m., a) a ferrule; a ring; b) a wooden vessel made of staves; a keg, with the derivative “hylke”, n., a high, narrow wooden vessel; c) a stiff, clumsy and awkward person. — The different pronunc. of “hå‘lk” (U.), meaning 2, and “hȯ‘ᶅk” (U.), meaning 1, might indicate that “hå‘lk” is an original “holkr”, and “hȯ‘ᶅk” a derived form *hylki (No. hylke, n.).

holk³ [hȯ‘ᶅk], sb., 1) a knot; bump; hunch; a h. upo de back or atween de shooders [‘shoulders’]. U., N.Roe, Du. holk-backed [hȯ‘ᶅk-bakəd], adj., hump-backed (Du.). 2) a lumpy, mis-shapen thing; something large and clumsy; a h. o’ a taati [‘potato’] (N.Roe); also something hastily and loosely built (e.g. a jerry-built house). Sa., Nmⁿ. In Du. esp. applied to something unusually large. In sense 1 holk treated here is doubtless No. hulk, n., knot (knots). Poss. association with the preceding holk², sb. In sense 2 *hulk (given under holg, sb.) is prob. merged with Eng. hulk, sb., and with holk², sb.

holk¹ [hȯ‘ᶅk], vb., 1) to hollow out; to h. a taati, to cut a piece out of a potato; de rabbit is [‘has’] holket ut de heart o’ de neip [‘turnip’], the rabbit has gnawed the inside of the turnip. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). *holka. 2) of the sea: to cause hollow sea, and high, crested waves, to be agitated, to h. op; de sea is holkin op. Nm. In sense 2 occas. a) *holka (or *holga), to hollow out, occas. b) *hulka, to stump; make uneven. See holk¹, sb., and holg, sb., as well as the foll. holk², vb.

holk² [hȯ‘ᶅk], vb., 1) to walk bent with rounded shoulders, to geng [‘go’] holkin. 2) to stump, to walk unsteadily and jerkily, to geng holkin. Du. In sense 1 the word is directly to be classed with holk³, sb. 1; in sense 2 it partly assimilates to Fær. hölka, vb., to be clumsy on one’s feet. The word can hardly be directly associated with No. hykla and høkla, vb., to walk bent and unsteadily; “høkla” is found in Shetl. (Du.) in the form hekl¹, hekel; q.v. (vb.). A form hulk [hu‘lk] is found in Du. in the same sense as holk, to geng hulkin, prob. originating from a *hulka, vb.; see holk³, sb., from *hulk.

holket¹ [hȯ‘ᶅkət], adj., deep; roomy; round-bottomed, esp. of a boat or pot; a h. boat (Yⁿ.); a h. kettle (N.Roe). Properly, hollowed out. *holkóttr (adj.) or *holkaðr (perf. part.). Cf. No. holka, f., a depression, and see holk¹, sb. and vb.

holket² [hȯ‘ᶅkət], adj., humped; round-shouldered; also in a wider sense: mis-shapen; a h. craeter’ [‘creature’] or ting; h. shooders, round shoulders (N.Roe). Also holki [hȯ‘ᶅki]; a h. body [‘person’] (Conn.). — *hulkóttr? To be classed with holk³, sb., a knot; hunch.

holki [hȯ‘ᶅki], adj., peevish; surly; a h. body. Conn. No. ulken, adj., surly; cross. See holks, sb. pl.

holkin [hȯ‘ᶅkin (hɔ̇ᶅ‘kin)], sb., heavy swell (hollow sea, crested waves), a h. i’ de sea = a holk i’ de sea. N.I. (Y.; Fe.). *holkan (holgan)? See holk¹, sb. and vb.

holks [hȯ‘ᶅks], sb. pl., bad temper; peevishness; sulks, esp. in the expr. “to be or sit i’ de h.”, to be peevish; to sulk. Conn. Prob. for *olks from *olk; cf. No. ulka, vb., inter alia to be sulky, just ready to grumble (R.).

holl [hȯᶅ], sb., in the expr. “h. and hollband [hȯᶅ·bānd·, -band· (-ban·)]”, bag and baggage; he (dey) guid h. and h.-band, he (they) went and took everything with him (them). N.I. Prob. from O.N. hǫgld, f., a strap, fastened to the end of a rope, No. hogold (hȯlda, hȯll). hollband then denotes the rope to which the strap is fastened.

hollball [hȯᶅbaᶅ·, -bäᶅ·], adv., rolling over head foremost, head over heels; dey guid [‘went’] h. U^mo. For *kollball or kollboll? See kolli-firbolli, adv.

hollband [hȯᶅ·bānd·, -band· (-ban·)], sb., see under holl, sb.

holli [håᶅɩ (hɔᶅɩ), hȯᶅɩ], adj., 1) capacious, capable of holding much; a h. boat; a h. bødi (bjødi, fish-creel). U. Cf. holket¹, adj. 2) slow to finish; de grund is h., longer in getting through than expected, in delving a piece of ground. U. (Uⁿ.: hȯᶅɩ). — No. holleg, hollig, adj., solid; copious; substantial; Fær. holligur, adj., roomy.

*hollost [(håⁱl·råst·) hɔᶅ·åst·], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for deep-sea fishing-grounds; de h. Also hoilost, hoillost [håil(l)·åst·]. Fe. Poss. an original *álvǫst. O.N. áll, m., a gutter; a furrow; deep depression, in poetry also ocean (prop. the course of a stream, current), Fær. álur, m., the narrow course of a stream. In Shetl. “de Olens” [*álarnir], pl., is found as a name for a fishing-ground; see *ol, sb. O.N. vǫst (Fr.: vözt), f., fishing-ground, in poetry: ocean.

holltott, -toit, sb. and adj., see halltott.

holm [hɔl^əm, hɔm], sb., an islet; see further *hulm, sb.

holrag [hɔl·rāg·], sb., a tether-peg with the hole riven up, esp. tether-peg for a cow. Fe. *hol-rek; from O.N. hol, n., a hole, and rek, n., something drifting, a wreck (No. rek 6: R.). See the foll. word.

holrag [hɔl·rāg·, hȯl·rāg·, hȯᶅ-rāg·], vb., 1) to chase, to drive from hole to hole, to pursue from place to place, to h. a person or body f(r)ae place to place, ut o’ hole and into hole. Uⁿ. [hȯᶅ·rāg·]. 2) metaph.: a) to abuse one like a blackguard; b) to backbite. Y., Fe. hɔl·rāg·: Fe. hɔl·rāg· and hȯl·rāg·: Y. (and U.). — *holreka; O.N. hol, n., a hole, and reka, vb., to chase, drive.

*holraga [hɔᶅ·rā·ga], sb., mentioned with reservation in sense of sickness, epidemic. Fe. Must be classed with the preceding word.

*hols [hɔ‘ls (hå‘ls)] and *hwols [hwȯ‘ls, hwə‘ls], sb., 1) the neck (part of the body); in this sense now only found in compds.; see hwolsben, sb.; otherwise comm.: a) ha(l)s [has (hās)] through infl. of L.Sc. hass, hawse = the throat, and b) Eng. neck. For ha(l)sin, end plank in a boat, the meaning of which originates from Norn, see further hals, sb. 2) “neck”, a narrow elevation, esp. a slight depression in a high elevation, a lower ridge projecting from a higher one; now only found as a place-name, though rather bordering on a common noun, as the name (the word) in various places is understood by the common people, owing to its frequent occurrence, and always with prefixed def. art. “de”. Examples: de Hols (in Noss Hill, Noss near Br.); de Hols o’ Lirastakk (Burrafirth, U.); de Hwols o’ de Wart (Sandw., Du.): vǫrðu-hals or *varða-hals; de Holses (Conn.), pl.; de Holsins [hɔ‘lsɩns] (Norwick, Uⁿ.; Westafirth, Yⁿ.), pl.: *halsarnir, def. pl.; de Hwolsins [hwȯ‘lsɩns], the south end of the ridge “Valafell [vā··lafel·]”, U. Occas. with close o-sound, such as in: Holsinswart [ho‘l··sɩnswa‘rt·] (W. Isle, Skerries): *hals(ins)varða or -varði. On Wests. are found foll. forms: a) *kwols [kwȯ‘ls], with the change of hv, hw to kw, characteristic of Wests., e.g. de Kwols (Sa.); b) esp. in Fo.: *wols [wȯ‘ls]; de Wols; wolsben (Fo.) = hwolsben. — O.N. hals (Icel. háls, Fær. hálsur [hå‘lsȯr], No. hals, haals), m., a) the neck; b) an elevated ridge. Fær. “hálsur” in sense b esp.: a narrow ridge; a depression between two elevations of unequal height.

holter [hɔ‘ltər, hȯ‘ltər, hȯ‘ᶅtər (hɔ̇‘ᶅtər)] and hulter [ho‘ltər], sb., 1) a slope, hillock, only reported in pl.: holters = braes (L.Sc. bra, brae, sb., a slope, hill); Y^h. [hɔ‘ltər]; mostly applied to unfertile soil. As a place-name in this latter sense also occas. *holt; thus: de Holt [hå‘lt] (W.), a stony slope. Otherwise more comm. with suffixed -er. 2) in pl., hulters (holters): uneven ground with small elevations, esp. with large rifts, clefts and holes. Y^e. (Hascosay: hulters). Frequently found as a place-name in senses 1 and 2; thus: de Holters or Hulters, a) between Brae and Voe, De. [hɔ‘ltərs, ho‘ltərs]; b) W.Sw., Y. [hɔ‘ltərs]; c) Strand, Fe. [hȯ‘ᶅtərs] — stony slopes with broken ground; de Hulters o’ de Dale (L.), the southern part of the hill “de Klobb o’ Tronaster”, full of great rifts and clefts. 3) a fragment of rock (boulder); fairly comm., mostly pronounced “hɔ‘ltər” or “ho‘ltər”, occas. “hå‘ltər” (thus: Sa., Wests.). From U. (U^wg.) is reported “hɔ‘ltər” and “ho‘ltər” in special sense: firmly embedded rock; a great h. 4) more rarely: a) a heap of boulders which have fallen down from high rocks, a h. o’ stens (St.: hɔ‘ltər), occas. also b) an opening between fallen rocks or in a heap of stones; a otter’s h., an otter’s hole (St.: hɔ‘ltər), in this sense otherwise more comm.: had [had]. 5) a big, bulky person or object, a great h. o’ a man, a great h. o’ a ting. N.I. Y. and Fe.: ho‘ltər (hɔ‘ltər, hȯ‘ltər); U.: hȯ‘ᶅtər (hɔ̇‘ᶅtər; ho‘ltər, hɔ‘ltər). 6) a) a very big wave, a h. [hɔ‘ltər (hå‘ltər), ho‘ltər, hȯ‘ltər] o’ a sea (sea = wave); b) (very) agitated sea, a h. o’ a sea; c) commotion (agitated state) in the sea, a h. i’ de sea. Fairly comm. in the senses given under 6; the pronunc. “hå‘ltər” is peculiar to Wests. (Sa.; P.); Uⁿ.: a hɔ‘ltər (ho‘ltər) or hȯ‘ᶅtər i’ de sea. — O.N. holt, n., dry, barren, stony ground rising to a higher level than the surrounding surface, and usually covered with trees (Fr.); No. holt and Sw. dial. hult, n., a) a holt, grove; b) a rough, stony hill, a slope; Icel. holt, n., a stony slope. The Shetl. forms, ending in -er, prob. spring from an original *holtr- or *hultr-; cf. No. holtra and hultra, vb., to walk unsteadily, in a stumbling manner, hultren and hultrutt, adj., uneven; lumpy. Meaning 6 of the Shetl. word is preferably explained from the latter given Norwegian words. For the change of meaning (stony) slope > fragment of rock, boulder > big, bulky person or object, cf. hordin, sb., and røni, sb., where similar changes of meaning have taken place.

holterhol, hulterhol [ho‘l··tərhɔl· (hɔ‘l··tərhɔl·)], sb., a large fissure in the soil; a wide-mouthed cleft. Fo. A compd. of holter, hulter (see holter, sb. 2 and 4 b) and hol, sb.

holtri [hɔ‘ltri, hɔ‘l··təri·, hȯ‘ltri] and hultri [ho‘ltri, ho‘l··təri·], adj., very rough; a) of soil: hilly, with clefts, rifts and holes; h. grund; more commonly b) of sea: agitated, very rough; a h. sea. See holter, hulter, sb. 1, 2 and 6, and cf. No. hultren, hultrutt, adj., uneven; lumpy.

hom [hȯm], sb., an inkling; uncertain rumour regarding something; a suspicion. Cf. Sw. hum, m. and (dial.) n., suspicion; an uncertain idea of anything; No. hymt, m., a hinted supposition.

homek [hōmək (hō^əmək), hɔmək], sb., 1) a big, heavy cloud; a istek-h., a heavy, lowering cloud in cold weather, snow-laden cloud (U^wg.), see istek, sb. U^{n., w}. 2) a shower, a) a snow-shower, passing or gathering in the distance, a h. o’ snaw; he’s cornin’ or settin’ op a h., a snow-shower is gathering; U^{m., n}.; Yⁿ.; b) a (heavy) passing shower; he is settin op a h. o’ a shooer [‘shower’], a shower is coming on. Uⁿ. — The pronunc. “hōmək (hō^əmək)” is peculiar to U^wg., “hɔmək” to Uⁿ. and Yⁿ. — The word may be a contracted form from an old *húmbakki; cf. No. humbakke (hombakkje), m., a bank of clouds. hom-, in any case, is O.N. húm, n., darkness (twilight), gloomy sky. See hums², humsk, humska¹, sbs.

homer [hōmər], sb., a species of large shark, prop. female shark. O.N. hámerr, f. No. and Da. “haamær” esp.: Lamna cornubica (in No. appl. to the female of “haabrand”). — a) homer and esp. b) “ho-midder [hō··mɩd·ər]” are used indifferently, denoting an unusually large shark (midder = L.Sc. mither = Eng. mother). N.I. Acc. to Edm. Orkney “hoe-mother”, and acc. to Balfour Shetl.-Ork. “homer, hoemother” = basking shark, the largest species of shark. — From Y^h. is reported “homuth [hōmuþ] skark” as the name of a shark, larger than ho-brand; q.v.

ho-midder, hoe-mother, sb., see under homer, sb.

homl, hommel, vb., see hum(me)l.

homliband [hȯm··lɩband· (hɔm··lɩband·)] and humliband [hom··lɩband·], sb., a grommet (prop. made from raw hide, now also from rope) for fixing an oar to the thole-pin, de keb, in rowing. comm. Also humlaband [hom··laband·] and hombliband [hȯm··blɩband·] (U.). — O.N. hamla, f., and hǫmluband, n., a grommet.

ho-mooth’d [hō·muþd·], adj., having a protruding upper jaw; a h.-m. animal, sheep. Y^s. Prop. like a shark’s mouth.

homs¹, sb., see hums¹, sb.

homs², sb., see hums², humsk, sb.

homs³ [hȯ‘ms], sb., sulky or capricious temper; he guid [‘went’] aff in a h. Fo. See the foll. word.

homs [hȯ‘ms], adj., sulky; irritable; touchy; capricious. Fo. Cf. No. humsken and hymskjen, adj., indisposed; disinclined; somewhat sulky; L.Sc. hum, adj., dissatisfied; fretful, and humstrum, sb., pettish temper, etc.

homska, sb., see humska¹, sb.

homst, adj., see hims, hims(e)t, adj.

homuth-shark, see under homer, sb.

hond [hȯnd, hȯᶇd], sb., a dog, see hund, sb.

hondigru [hȯᶇ··digrū·], adjectival term, noted down in the expr. “to lie h.”: a) lying in a crouching position; “I’m [‘I have’] been lyin’ h. ‘treeangle’ like a marflu”; b) unoccupied through indisposition, not able to work, and yet not confined to bed. Y^h. If meaning 1 be the original, the word might be regarded as a contraction of an old “*(sem) hundr við gru̇fu”, “(like) a dog by the hearth”. Poss. to be compared with the Norw. phrase “sitja hund (hoond) i baate”, to sit askew in the boat (R.).

hondiklokk, sb., see honnklokk (hornklokk), sb.

honds [hȯᶇdᶎ], vb., to incite, to set a dog (on), esp. on sheep; to drive by means of a dog; to h. de sheep = the now more common “to hond [hȯnd (hȯᶇd)] de sheep”. honds is used yet more frequently in a wider sense: to bully; drive; chase, to h. ane [‘one’] ut. N.I.? A form hunds [ho‘ns] in sense of (to bully) to drive; chase; turn out, to h. ut, is reported by J.I. — *hundsa. Cf. Da. hundse, Sw. dial. hunnsa, vb., to hound out, prop. to treat like a dog. For the sound-change un(d)s, on(d)s > ȯᶇdᶎ in Shetl. cf. bons, sb., rons and skonzj, vbs.

hondshol [hȯndᶎ··hɔl·, hȯᶇdᶎ-], sb., a hole or a widening like a pool in a brook in which pups are (were) drowned. The word is now esp. used as a place-name, “de Hondshol”, e.g. in Wisdal burn (Wd., M.), and in West Sandwick burn (Y.). *hunds-hol, n., a dog’s hole.

*honga [hɔŋga] and *honge [hɔŋgə], vb., to hang; only preserved in a riddle about the cow (see Introd., Fragments of Norn), honga: Fe. honge: U. O.N. hanga, vb., to hang.

honger [hɔŋgər, håŋgər], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for a kettle, pot. Yⁿ., Wests. occas. Prop. the hanging one, that which hangs (in the chain or hook, de kruk and de links). *hangari, m., from O.N. hanga, vb., to hang. See *honga, vb.

hongs, vb., see hungs, vb.

honk (hunk) [hɔ‘ŋk, ho‘ŋk], sb., a lull or interval in bad weather, esp. in rainy weather. Now also commonly used: hain (anglicised form). See further under the foll. word.

honk (hunk) [hɔ‘ŋk, ho‘ŋk], vb., applied to bad weather, esp. rain (storm- or rain-charged clouds): to drift over, to cease, clear up, “to h.” and “to h. op”; he honks op, he is honkin op, it is clearing up, there is a lull in the rainy weather. Now commonly: “hain” (he hains, he is hainin’), of a lull in rainy weather, from L.Sc. (and Shetl.) hain, vb., to save, economize. — honk prob. for *hogn from O.N. hagna and hǫgna, vb., to become serviceable, to turn out profitable. Cf. hag, vb. 2.

honki [hɔ‘ŋki], sb., properly a push (upwards), a shaking, only reported in pl., honkis, said of the setting in of heavy seas; der’r honkis gettin’ in him nu, the sea is rising, and the waves are beginning to break. Du. The word is to be classed with No. honka, vb., to hobble, and is cognate with honkl, honkel, sb. and vb. (see below). Cf. a) hunk, sb., and b) the use of the word humpi, adj., of heavy sea.

honkl, honkel [hɔ‘ŋkəl], sb., a shoving up; he ga’e him (himsell = himself) a h., he raised or shrugged his shoulders. Yⁿ. See the foll. word.

honkl, honkel [hɔ‘ŋkəl], vb., to heave upwards, to raise: a) to h. anesell [‘oneself’], to raise or shrug one’s shoulders; he honkeld him; also “to h. upon anesell”; he honkeld upon him; b) to get something (one’s garments, a burden on one’s back) to hang higher up and thereby to fit better; to h. op de claes (troosers), to pull up one’s garments (trousers). Yⁿ. Is the same word as No. honkla or hongla, vb., to move unsteadily, to stumble. Cf. hinkl², hinkel, vb.

honna, sb., see honnek¹, sb.

honnadu [hȯᶇ··adu·], interj., attention! stand still! cry to the cow to get her to stand still, in milking. U. honna- is prob. the same word as hanna (hannana); -du is doubtless the Da., No. and Sw. pron. du, thou.

honnek¹ [hȯᶇək], sb., horn, esp. 1) horn of an animal; cow’s horn, ram’s horn. Ai. 2) sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for a) a boat’s fog-horn, luder-horn; b) horn for holding snuff. Ai. honn [hɔn, håᶇ, hȯᶇ (hɔ̇ᶇ)] is found in sense of horn (point) as the first part in a couple of compds.; see honngel, honnklokk, sbs. In a small Norn fragment (see Introd.) are found forms such as honna [hɔᶇa], honi [hōni] and horni [hōrni]: the two first mentioned from Ai., the last from U^{s., mo}. — *honni [hȯᶇɩ, hɔni, håni] is found in place-names in sense of a conical height, e.g. de horn o’ Honni [hɔni, hȯᶇɩ] (Sa.), a conical rock in the sea, near the land; “horn” is, in this case, a tautological addition; further: de Honni [håni] (Papa St.), an elevation. As the first part in “Honnastakk [hȯᶇ··astak·]” (Uⁿ.), de hemer and de øter Hondastakk [hɔᶇ··dastak·] (Burraf., U.), two pointed skerries. In Fo. is found, with a change of rn to dn, “de Hodn [hɔd^ən]”, as a name for a point of land, and a fissure in a rock (admitting the sea), also called “de gjo o’ Hodn” (Fo^n.-e.). — In the sense of corner a form *hond [hȯᶇd] is found preserved as a place-name, bordering on a common noun: de easter and de waster Hond (Huston, Haroldswick, Uⁿ.), “the eastern and the western corner”, two plots of field in the corners of the home-field. — O.N. horn, n., horn in the different senses of this word: a tapering height, a foreland; a corner, nook. — The form honn- in Shetland Norn is regularly developed; horn, on the other hand, with preserved rn, is prob. due to Eng. (L.Sc.) infl. See further under horn, sb., which is found preserved in Shetl. in a few special Norn meanings.

honnek² [hȯᶇək], sb., a disparaging term for a girl, esp. a slatternly girl. Fe. From Fe. is reported a pl. form honneks as poss. being an obsolete term for girl, sweetheart; “is it lang [‘long’] since du saw de honneks?” Prop. the same word as the preceding? honnek, (slatternly) girl, might be an old *hyrna (No. hyrna, f., horned animal, esp. sheep).

honngel [hɔn··gel·, håᶇ··gel·, hȯᶇ··gel· (hɔ̇ᶇ··-), -gɩl·], sb., the garfish, Belone, = No. horngjæla, f. The word is characteristic of S.Sh. (Du.). hɔngel (-gɩl): Du. See nebbet geddek.

honnin [hȯᶇɩn], sb., a sheep having woolly hair growing out of the tip of its horn. Yⁿ. O.N. hyrningr, m., horned animal. honnin, in the sense given, is doubtless an abbr. of *blohonnin (reported from Y^s. and Ai.) [*(bi-)loðhyrningr]; q.v.

honnina [hȯᶇ··ɩna·], interj., = hannana. Yⁿ.

honnklokk [hȯᶇ··klɔk· (hɔ̇ᶇ··-), -klåk·], sb., nasicornous beetle, Dynastes tityus or Oryctes nasicornis. Fe. hornklokk [hōr^ənklɔk, -klåk]: U.; N. Also hondiklokk [hȯᶇ··diklɔk· (hɔ̇ᶇdi-), hȯn··dᶎɩklɔk (hɔ̇ᶇ··dᶎɩ-), -klåk]: Nmⁿ. [hȯᶇdiklåk]; Y. [hȯᶇdi (hɔ̇ᶇdi)-], and Fe. occas. [hȯndᶎi (hɔ̇ᶇdᶎɩ)-], and hontiklokk [hȯ‘ᶇ··tiklåk·]: Yⁿ. honnklokk (hornklokk) is an old *horn-klokka or -klukka; cf. Fær. svartaklukka, f., ground-beetle, and Icel. brúnklukka, f., water-beetle. The forms hondiklokk, hontiklokk seem most prob. to spring from a *hyrnd klukka; O.N. hyrndr, adj., horned, having horns.

hons [hɔ‘ns, hå‘ns], vb., 1) to finger; grab; shake; to turn a thing about, esp. in searching for something; to rums and h. Du. [hɔ‘ns]. 2) to pilfer. Ai. [hå‘ns]. — No. handska, vb., to grab; shake; pull, Sw. dial. handska, vb., to catch.

honsl, honsel [hɔ‘nsəl], vb., (to finger) to turn a thing about, to search eagerly for something, to h. t’rough onyting, to h. for onyting. Deriv. of hons, vb., to which (sense 1) the word assimilates.

hontibak [hȯ‘ᶇ··tibak·], sb., a poor, hunchbacked person or animal. Y^{n., b}. Hardly directly from Eng. hunchback, sb.; see below hontj and hontl, vbs.

hontj [hȯ‘ᶇtᶊ], vb., to hobble; to saunter about without knowing what to do, to linger; to geng hontjin aboot. Uⁿ. Assimilates in meaning to No. hunta, vb., to saunter aimlessly, waiting for anything (huntra), from which the Shetl. word seems to spring, but, in its form, it is doubtless influenced by the cognate Eng. hunch, vb., in Shetl. pronounced “hȯ‘nᶊ, hȯ‘ᶇᶊ”. See hontibak, sb., and hontl, vb.

hontl, hontel [hȯ‘ᶇtəl], vb., to hobble, to walk with a bad carriage. Uⁿ., Y. (Y^{h., b}.). Mostly applied to a person of little physical strength; a hontlin body (Y^b.) = a bjakki or bjaki body. Deriv. of a *hont; see the two prec. words. Cf. No. hunta, vb., to saunter to and fro, and Sw. (N.Sw.) dial. huntä, hunt, vb., to jump heavily, esp. of bears (Ri.).

hontlet [hȯ‘ᶇtlət, hȯ‘ᶇtᶅət], adj., stumbling; weak; wanting strength, prop. applied to gait, mode of carriage; a piri h. body = a bjakki body. Uⁿ. Deriv. of hontl, vb.

ho-pig [hō··pɩg·], sb., a species of small shark (like the blue shark in appearance, but considerably smaller). Du.

hopp [hɔp, håp], sb., a hop, jump. O.N. hopp, n., a hop, jump.

hopp [hɔp, håp], vb., to hop, jump. On. hoppa, vb., to hop, jump.

hord¹ [hȯrd (hɔ̇rd)], sb., 1) a big boulder. Fo. [hȯrd]; Uⁿ. [hȯrd (hɔ̇rd)]. 2) a) a very large object; b) a living thing or being of imposing size, a h. o’ a skate (ray), a h. o’ a fellow or wife [‘woman’]. Uⁿ. [hȯrd (hɔ̇rd)]. 3) a) a great heap of stones, a h. o’ stens; b) a heap of any objects thrown together, a h. o’ tings, o’ claes [‘clothes’]. N.I. occas. [hȯrd, hɔ̇rd]. Nm^w. (Esh.). In Fe. esp.: hɔ̇rd. — hörd [hörd], a parallel form to hord, is noted down in N.I. (esp. Uⁿ., Y. occas.). — As a place-name the word is found sometimes with and sometimes without prefixed h: ord [ɔrd, ȯrd] and hord [hȯrd] in sense of: a) a block of stone; b) a sloping heap of fragments of rock lying at the foot of a precipice, talus, e.g.: de Ord [ɔrd] (Br., North Isle, N.), de Ords [ȯrds] (N.Roe; Fitful, Du.), names of rocks fallen down, talus; near “de Ords” in Fitful is found a pasture, called “de Ordihog [ȯr··dihɔg·]”: *urða-hagi. de Hord (near Lerwick, M.), a block of stone; de Hord o’ Brunshamarsland (N.), rocks, talus; de Hords (Ai., Fo.), rocks fallen down, talus; de Hords o’ Bloberg (Fo.). de Skrodd Hordins [skrȯd hȯrdɩns] (Fo.) = *skruddu urðirnar, the rocks fallen down from the mountain side. Hordifell [hȯr··difel·] (Nm^s., Ai.): *urða(r)fell. A rare form urd [ord] is found in “de Fadlurdins [fadlor·dɩns]” (Hamnafell, Fo.): *fall-urðirnar. — O.N. urð, f., a heap of fragments of rock fallen down at the foot of a rocky wall, talus. See hordin (hordek), sb.

hord² [hȯrd, hɔ̇rd] and more rarely hurd [hord], sb., 1) a great multitude or crowd, great number; a hord o’ folk, = fjord, fjörd. Y^h., Fe., Conn. Diff. from “hård”, the pronunc. of Eng. horde, sb. 2) a) as much corn as may be dried at one time in a pot over the fire, a hord o’ bursten (q.v.); also b) the quantity of corn dried at one time in a kiln, a hord o’ corn (Fe.). The form hurd is found in Fo. in the senses 2 a and b: a hurd on the kiln. — Possibly the same word as Icel. urðr, m., a great quantity. In No. “yrja”, f., denotes sometimes a crowd, great quantity, sometimes a heap, mass (ur, m. Aa.).

hord [hȯrd], adj., hard; severe; troublesome; a h. day, a hard day’s work. Nm. O.N. harðr, adj., hard, also difficult, troublesome. The change a > o in hord is in accordance with the current rules of sound in the Shetl. Norn words. Otherwise, “hard” is used in Shetl. as in Eng.

hord, vb., see hird, vb.

horda [hȯrda], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for mare. U. Poss. syn. with No. hardel, an animal which consumes much (is “hardfostrad”), esp. of a horse (R.). For o in horda see hord, adj.

hordek, sb., see hordin, sb.

hordeks [hȯrdəks], sb. pl., in the compd. “gjola [gjōla, gjola]-h.”, sediment, particles of cheese adhering to the inside of the churn, when the whey (see gjola, sb.) is poured out, after the churning. Fe^e. The word is prob. to be classed with No. yrda (“yyra”), vb., to cover with gravel (R.).

hordin [hȯrdin], sb., 1) a big boulder, = hord¹ 1. Fo. 1) a big, heavily-built woman, partly = hord¹ 2; also hordek [hȯrdək]. More rarely of a big, stout man (N.Roe: hordek). — hordin is prob. *urðin, def. form of O.N. urð, f., (block of stone) a heap of large fragments of rock; see hord¹, sb. hordek is prob. formed from hord with added suffix -ek.

horek¹ [(hɔrək) hårək], sb., compartment in a boat, esp. in the stern. S.Sh. (Du.), Nm^w. (Esh.). In Esh. esp. the space between the hindmost knee-timber and the stern itself. Prop. the place where the side-planks are fitted to the stern. “de hole o’ de h.” the hindmost part of the keelson in the stern compartment (Esh.). horek is prob. the same word as No. hork, f., a band, handle, ring (osier ring), because hank and hoddek¹, prop., a handle, loop, are used in the same sense.

horek² [hɔrək], sb., a fissure, small cleft; a h. i’ de rock. Du. Poss. syn. with No. haara, f., chap in the skin.

horek³ [hōrək], sb., see horin, sb.

horem (hurem) [horəm] and horm, hurm [horm], sb., scaly pieces of skin adhering to the wool when plucked off the sheep. Also with dropped h: orem (urem) [orəm], orm, urm [orm]. Conn. In N.I. found in the form uram [ū·rām·]. — *hárhamr (hár, n., hair; hamr, m., pelt, skin). Icel. hárhamur, m., hairy skin (B.H.); No. haar(h)am, m., grain of leather; the outer hairy skin; Sw. dial. hårrema, f., grain of leather; Fær. hárrama, f., the root of the hair on a skin. The Shetl. forms of pronunciation with close, short o or long u presuppose most prob. a *hǫrhamr.

horin [hōrin], sb., sea-term, fishermen’s tabu-name for seal. N.I. Other forms are: a) horek [hōrək]: N.I. occas.; b) worin [wōrin, wɔrɩn], for *hworin: Fo.; c) jorin [jōrin, jorɩn, jɔrɩn], for *hjorin: Fo.; d) uriin [ū··riɩn·] and urien [ū··riən·]: Wh., Sk. — Prop. the hairy one. An older *háringr (with dropped i-mutation) = hæringr, m., a hairy being. The seal is now also called “de hair-fish” in Shetl. fishermen’s tabu-lang. For the forms uriin, urien see the concluding remark under the preceding word.

horkl, horkel [hȯ‘rkəl], sb., commotion in the sea, esp. tide-race, waves going against one another; a h. i’ de sea. Nm^s. The word is most prob. to be referred to No. hurkla, vb., to roughen.

horkl, horkel [hɔ‘rkəl, hȯ‘rkəl], vb., to make a gurgling or rattling sound in the throat; to gurgle, rattle, hawk; a horklin soond [‘sound’]; to h. and tear ut o’ de trot [‘throat’]. N.I. hɔ‘rkəl: Fe. occas.; elsewhere more comm.: hȯ‘rkəl. No. harkla and hurkla, vb., to hawk, rattle, gurgle.

horkli [hȯ‘rkli] and horkali [hȯ‘r··kali·], adj., disagreeable; coarse; rough, of weather; h. wadder, weather too rough for boat-fishing (Fo.); a h. day (Fo.); he is h.-lookin’, a storm is expected (Yⁿ.). horkli: Fo. horkali: Yⁿ. Also with dropped h: orkli [ȯ‘rkli]: Fo. — No. hurklen and hurklutt (harkall and harklen), adj., rough; uneven. Cf. horkl, sb.

horl [hȯrl (hȯr^əl, hȯrəl)], sb., a) a humming or whirring sound; b) (distant) rushing or muffled, rolling sound of the sea; de h. o’ de sea; der’r [‘there is’] a h. i’ de sea. N.I. c) rattle, rattling sound; “der’r a h. at his breast”, applied to a person with a bad cold (Sa.). d) monotonous talk, nonsense (Du.). — *hurl from hurr; No. hurr, m., a dull, purring (humming, whirring) sound. No. hurla, vb., to whirl; hum; tattle; to speak monotonously and inanely.

horl [hȯrl, hȯr^əl (hȯrəl)], vb., to hum; whirl; to rush, to roll with a muffled sound, appl. to the sound of the sea some distance away. N.I. Also to speak monotonously, to tattle (Du. and elsewhere). — No. hurla, vb., to whirl; hum; tattle, etc., from hurra, vb.

horlin [hȯrlɩn], sb., disparaging term appl. to a person; a scaud [‘scald’] h. See horl, sb. and vb.

horlos [hȯrləs], hor-less [hȯr·lɛs·] and hora-less [hȯr··alɛs·], adj., deafened with noise or boisterous talk; du is makin’ me h.-l., you make me quite deaf with your noise. U^{n., burr}. *høyrnar-lauss, from O.N. høyrn (heyrn, Icel.), f., hearing; Icel. heyrnarlauss, adj., deaf.

hormd [hȯrmd], perf. part. and adj., = hwermd; see hwerm², vb.

horn [hōrn, hō^ərn; hɔrn, hårn], sb., 1) horn, partly a) horns of the head of an animal, partly b) horn (substance); c) horn, fashioned into an object, e.g. a wind-instrument (see luder-horn); a horn for holding snuff; O.N. horn, n., and Eng. horn are used in the same sense. In Shetl. also: d) pointed dorsal fin of a fish or shark; de horns o’ de ho (the shark); e) feelers of a snail or of an insect; de horns o’ a snail (Fe.: hōrn). horn is also a Norw. word in both the latter given senses O.N. horn, inter alia: high dorsal fin of a whale. 2) the top of the stem (or stern)-post of a boat; de horns o’ de boat. comm. [hɔrn, hårn]. The compd. hinnispott (honnispott), sb., q.v., indicates horn in the last sense to be a Norn word. 3) a tapering height; pointed skerry; now mostly used as a place-name; de h. [hårn] o’ Honni (Sa.), see honnek¹, sb.; de Horn [hårn], a point of land projecting from the steep coast on the north-western side of the isle of Papa Stour, “de H. o’ Papa”, “de horns (Horns) o’ Hagmark”, two steep rocks in Klebergswick Hill, Uⁿ. Hornshul [hōr^ənswȯl] (Yⁿ.), a tapering hill: *horns-hóll (see hul, sb.). O.N. horn, a promontory; projecting, high mountain. 4) a corner, nook, esp. in certain phrases: de auld [‘old’] h. [hårn], the old nook, the old home or native place (De.). As a place-name, name of a farm, is reported “de Horn [hårn]” (Skelbre, L.). O.N. horn, a corner, nook. — horn is otherwise not the regularly developed form in Shetl. Norn.; for this form (honn-) and the meanings in which it has been preserved, see honnek¹, sb.

horn [hɔrn (hårn), hōrn], vb., to procure a discharge of blood from an injured part of the body by means of the horn of an animal, to cup; the point of the horn is (was) put into the wound, and a piece of skin or a rag is (was) wrapped round the wide end of the horn. Also called “to tak’ horn-blød”, and “to kopp”. N.I. “hōrn, hɔrn”: U. (hōr^ən: Uⁿ.). More recent form.

horn-blød [hōr^ən·blød·, hɔrn·blød·, hårn·-], sb., blood drawn from an injured part of the body by means of the horn of an animal. hōr^ən·blød·: N.I. to tak’ h.-b. = to horn. See further horn, vb.

horn-gebi, sb., see gebi, sb.

horni¹ [hȯrni], sb., a corner, nook; I harried every h., I searched in every corner. U. The word is O.N. horn, n., in sense of corner, nook, or a derivative of this word: O.N. hyrni, n., a corner. Cf. hirnek, sb.

horni² [hårni], sb., tabu-name, sea-term for cow; de h. Prop. the horned one. Wests. (Fo.; Papa St.). More recent form.

horn-klokk, sb., see honnklokk, sb.

horp [hȯ‘rp], vb., to contract; to shrink, esp. owing to drying up or to the action of heating. Mostly used in perf. part.: horpet [hȯ‘rpət], too much dried up or burnt, e.g. of bread. Papa St. No. hyrpa, Sw. dial. hyrpa, hörpa, vb., to pinch, draw together.

horr, sb. and vb., see hurr.

†horra [hɔra]-goose, sb., barnacle-goose. U. Also Ork. L.Sc. horie-goose.

horri [hȯrri], interj., a shout by which swine are chased away. Sa. See harri and herr(i), interj.

horro [hȯr·rō··, hɔ̇r·rō··], sb., great disturbance, noise and confusion, a h. and a “balloot”. Wh. In a somewhat different sense is handed down the form hurro [hur·rō·, hor·rō·]: ardour; high spirits; like hurro, ardent and animated (S.Sh.? Burgess, Sketches, 2nd edit. p. 113. — Doubtless accus. “*hurru” from *hurra, f.; No. hurra, f., whirling and rushing speed (hurra, vb., to hum; whirl; O.N. hurra, vb., to hum; mutter).

horse-høv [hå‘rs·hø̄v], sb., marsh-marigold (plant). Fe. Prop. horse’s hoof (O.N. hófr, m., a hoof). Cf. Icel. hófblaðka, f., as the name of the same plant. The common Shetl. name for the plant is otherwise blokka (blogga); q.v.

horsgok, -guk [hă‘rs··gȯk· (-gɔk·), -gok·, -guk·], sb., the snipe, scolopax gallinago. hå‘rs··gok·, -guk·: Uⁿ. Elsewhere more comm.: “hå‘rs··gȯk· (-gɔk·)” and “horse-gouk [gȯuk, gɔuk]”; the latter form acc. to L.Sc. gowk, sb., cuckoo. Also Ork. The name is due to the bird’s subdued cry. In Shetl. horsgok, horsgouk is also found used of another bird, viz.: the green sand-piper (Jam.). — O.N. hrossagaukr, No. rossegauk and horsegauk, Sw. horsagök, m., Da. horsegøg, the snipe.

horsk [hȯ‘rᶊk], interj., a shout by which swine are chased away. Sa. See hirs(i), interj.

horus, horrus [horus·, horuᶊ·, hȯr·ruᶊ··], sb., 1) bustle; noise; uncontrolled speed; to be in a h.; der’r [‘there is’] a h. upo dee; he cam’ wi’ a h., he came rushing and stumbling. In various places, e.g. in Fe., the phrase “to be in a h.” is mostly said of a crowd as distinct from a single individual. hȯr·ruᶊ··: Conn.; horus·: Fo.; elsewhere more comm.: horuᶊ·. Also hurus [hurūs·, hū·rūs··]; to had a hurus, to rush along, to make a noise. U^{n., burr}. 2) a noisy, rushing crowd, a h. o’ folk. L. [horuᶊ·]. Sa., Wests. [horuᶊ·]. — Assimilates entirely in both senses to No. herraas, f., which prob. is the same word (the latter part is O.N. rás, f., run, speed, also a crowd). The first part of the word is prob. influenced by *hurr, horr, horro, appl. to humming, whirring, -rus seems to presuppose a root-form *rǫ́s = rás. “u” of the first part of hurus can most reasonably be explained as having arisen by levelling of sound.

horus [horus·, horuᶊ·] and hurus [hurūs·], vb., to urge one on, e.g. by noisy shouting; he hurusd (was hurusin) him to come. See horus, sb.

horøvi [hō·rø̄·vi, hō·røv·i], sb., a species of grey shark, smooth dogfish, mustelus, in shape like “de ho”, but larger, and having a tail of a different form. Nm. Occas. horøbi [hō·røb·i]. Nm^s. occas. The name is due to the peculiar form of its tail. For the first part of the compd. see ho, sb.; the second part is a deriv. of O.N. rófa, No. rova, f., tail. With røvi cf. rovek², sb., used, inter alia, of the tail of a shark.

hosamilla, adv., see husamilla, adv.

hosopall, -pell and -pann, sb., see høsapall, høsapann, sb.

hosek [hosək, hɔsək], sb., an overhand knot made on a damaged fishing-line round the broken parts which are laid double. U. Doubtless to be classed with No. høse, n., an instrument for clinching.

hoskali [hȯs··kali·], adj., applied to weather: harsh and disagreeable, unsuitable for out-door work or fishing; h. wadder. U. Cf. No. husk(e)leg, adj., ugly; horrible; frightful (Aa.), indisposed, accompanied by shudderings (R.), and husken, adj., id., also appl. to weather: rough and cold, causing shivering fits.

hoskerri [hō··skær·i, hō·skær·i], sb., a species of big shark, in shape like the smaller kind called “ho” (dogfish). Nm., Wests. From Wests. the word is also reported in sense of a very large shark, from Nmⁿ. (N.Roe) understood as the same species of shark called hobrand. — O.N. háskerðingr, m., = hákarl and hákerling, greenland shark. See hokel and hokillin, sbs.

hoski [hȯski, håski], adj., of weather: a) hazy and also somewhat rough and windy; h. wadder: cloudy, windy weather; b) misty with slight rain; h. wadder. Reported from Nm. and Ai. in sense a [hoski], in sense b from Papa Stour [hȯski and håski]. The word appears to be a parallel form to haski¹, adj., and must, in that case, be distinguished from hoskali, adj., applied to weather.

hoskitek [hō··skit·ək], sb. a species of cuttle-fish, smaller than the common skitek; q.v. Du. Food for “de ho” (the dogfish)? For another possible definition of ho, first part of the compd., see under hobagi, sb.

hosl, hosel, sb. and vb., see hus(e)l.

*hospra [hȯs··pəra·] and *hosper [hȯspər], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for wife. Fe. Also hesper [hæspər], acc. to J.I. — O.N. húsprøyja (húspreyja), f., = hu̇sfrøyja (-freyja), f., mistress of the house, wife. — Cf. hostan(i), høstani, sb., which is another form of the same word.

hoss, hosj [hȯᶊ(ᶊ)], sb., 1) (muffled) rush or murmur, esp.: a) of waves lapping on the shore in calm weather, a h. aboot de shore; usually with an implication of the rushing sound, caused by the waves; a h. i’ de sea; also of the rushing sound of the water in a brook: der’r a h. i’ de burn. In Fe. also hossin [hȯᶊ(ᶊ)ɩn, hȯᶊ(ᶊ)ən], a h. o’ ca’ aboot de shore (softly breaking surf). From Sa. is reported hoss [hȯᶊᶊ] of a louder sound: rush of waters, a h. o’ water, b) gentle, soughing wind, a h. o’ wind. From Sa. of a louder sound: a sudden burst of wind. c) a slight, rustling sound; de h. o’ de mice i’ (among) de corn (Y^h.). d) a loud, humming or droning sound, caused by a restless flock or crowd (Sa.). 2) a restless, noisy crowd, a h. o’ folk. Sa., N. — høsj, høss [høᶊ(ᶊ)] is reported from Y^h. as a parallel form to hoss. — Cf. No. hussa and hysja, vb., to swing to and fro, prop. with a loud, rushing sound, Icel. hossa, vb., to swing, to shake (gently), to shove, No. hosa and hysja, vb., to sough, rush along, as well as L.Sc. hush, sb., a whisper, slight noise, gushing. The Shetl. form høsj [høᶊ(ᶊ)] springs from an original *hysj. — The verb hoss¹ preserves a single sense (sense 1), different from the substantive.

hoss¹ (hossj) [hȯss, hȯᶊ(ᶊ)], vb., 1) properly to cause a violent swinging or shaking, esp. in the phrase: to h. ane op, to beat someone. 2) to cause a rushing or sighing sound, to rush, sigh (esp. gently); de sea, burn, wind is hossin. In this sense comm. with the pronunc. “hȯᶊ(ᶊ)”. 3) to rustle faintly; de mice is hossin i’ de corn (Y^h.: hȯᶊ, hȯᶊᶊ). — Besides hoss, a form høsj [høᶊ(ᶊ)] is found in Y^h. — For the etymology of the word see hoss, sb.

hoss² (hossj) [hȯᶊᶊ], vb., to chase away poultry, esp. hens, by shouting (hoss! hoss kirr!); to h. de hens awa [‘away’] or ut. Fe. huss [huᶊ(ᶊ), hoᶊᶊ]: Uⁿ. No. hussa, vb., to frighten; chase away.

hoss (hossj) [hȯᶊᶊ], interj., exclamation by which poultry, esp. hens, are chased away; “shoo!” mostly in the expr. “hoss kirr [hȯᶊᶊ kərr]!” Fe. huss kirr [huᶊᶊ kerr]!: Uⁿ. See hoss², vb. — A form husseka [hoᶊᶊ··əka·], now partly obsolete, is also reported from Uⁿ. as an exclamation to chase away mice; see under huss, interj.

hosset, hosjet [hȯᶊ(ᶊ)ət], adj., untidy; slatternly; shabby; ragged; a h. bein’. Nm., De. Cf. No. hysjutt, adj., slatternly; shabby; ragged.

host [hɔst, håst], sb., coughing, a cough. O.N. hósti, m., id.; in Fær. with short main vowel-sound: hosti [håstɩ], m. L.Sc. host, sb.

host [hɔst, håst], vb., to cough. O.N. hósta, vb., id.; in Fær. with short main vowel-sound: hosta [håsta]. L.Sc. host, vb.

hostakk, sb., see høstakk, sb.

hostan [hȯstan], hostani [hȯs··tani·] and høstani [høs··tani·], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for wife, woman. Fo. Def. form (hústrúin, accus.: hústrúna) of O.N. hústrú = húsfrú, húsfrøyja (-freyja), f., mistress of the house, wife.

hotask [hōtask, hō·task·] and hotosk [hōtȯsk, hō·tȯsk·], sb., a species of small shark, smooth dogfish, mustelus (dark-coloured); said to be the same kind of shark as the so-called blindho, q.v. Acc. to Edm.: smooth-hound, squalus mustelus. — *hátaska. No. haataska, f., a kind of small shark, dogfish, spinax niger.

hots, vb., and interj., see hits, vb. and interj.

hott¹ [hɔⁱt], hoit [(hɔi‘t) håi‘t], sb., 1) strange behaviour; der’r [‘there is], a h. upo dee de day [‘to-day’], you are behaving queerly to-day, e.g. applied to a person running about in a confused hurry. 2) (queer) condition, bodily form; he had a wheer [‘queer’] h. upon him, he was looking odd to-day. Uⁿ. — O.N. háttr, m., mode or manner in which a thing is done, condition.

hott² [hɔⁱt, hɔⁱƫ], hoitt [hɔi‘tt], sb., a kind of supernatural or superstitious fear, or fear of trolls and fairies; der’r [‘there is’] a h. upo me. Nm. — O.N. ótti, m., fear; dread. — Cf. ohott, ohoitt, sb., which is another form of the same word.

*hott³ (hoitt) [håⁱt, håƫ (håⁱƫ, håi‘tt)], sb., reported in the phrases “to try de h., to geng ut to (ut to try) de h.”, to go (to the high seas) by boat to try the deep-sea fishing. Fe. As the phrases: “to geng heich, to geng to de heicht” (L.Sc. heich = Eng. high, adj., and L.Sc. heicht = Eng. height, sb.) are used by Dunrossness fishermen in sense of to go out for deep-sea fishing, prop., so far as to lose sight of the lower part of the land, the Fetlar form *hott, in all probability, can be explained from O.N. hátt, neut. sing. of hár, adj., high.

hottabor [håⁱt··abər (håi‘tt··abər·)], sb., mode of behaviour, esp. strange conduct; du has a h. o’ dy ain [‘of your own’]. U^wg. *háttar-burðr. For the first part of the compd. see hott¹, sb. The second part is O.N. burðr, m., a bearing, etc., also appl. to the manner of comporting oneself; cf. Shetl. bord², sb.

hottafer [håⁱt··afər·, håi‘tt··afər· (-fer·)], sb., = hottabor, sb. Yon puir kribbage [krɩbedᶎ] has a wheer [‘queer’] hottafer, the poor, miserable creature is going on in a strange fashion (will probably not live long): I t’ink wi’ yon coo’s hottafer, at shø will (sho ’ll) soon dee, I expect that cow will soon die, judging from the way she is going on. U^wg. *háttar-ferð. See hott¹, sb., and ferd¹, sb., the latter word of which is preserved in the compd. atferd, sb., in sense of behaviour, manners.

*hotted, now comm.: hoited, hoitet [hɔi‘təd, håi‘təd, -ət], adj., conditioned; of a certain condition (bodily form, carriage, deportment), in the compd. ill-hotted, ill-hoited; q.v. — O.N. háttaðr, adj., of a certain condition.

hottena [håƫ··əna·], hoittena [hɔi‘tt··əna·, hɔi‘··təna·, håi‘··təna· (hȯi‘··təna·)], hottin, hoittin [(hɔi‘tɩn) håi‘tɩn], hottna [håƫna, hȯⁱtna, hȯƫna], hoitna [håi‘tna (hȯi‘tna)], hottni [håƫni], hoitni [håi‘tni], used as an adj., subst. and interj. in foll. phrases: I) adjectivally: a) accomplished; concluding; last; de ho(i)ttena trip (Yⁿ.), de hoittin gang (Uⁿ.), the concluding trip, esp. the last trip to the hill when bringing home the peats (when cut and dried) by pack-horse; “hurro [hurrō·] for my hoittin (hidmost) gang! hurrah for my last trip! (Uⁿ.); de hoittena [hɔi‘··təna·, hɔi··təna·] geng: Y^b. In the same sense as “h. gang (geng), trip”, is reported from Conn.: hoidinfer [hɔi··dinfē^ər·], which also is used of the finishing of the harvest-work; see hoidinfer, sb. “de hoitna [håi‘tna] piece”, the digging of the earth, esp. by spade: the last piece of ground (field) which has been dug (Fe.). de ho(i)tni, the last one in the series e.g. de ho(i)tni calf, the last calf of a cow (Y^h., Fe.?); also as a subst., see below; b) finished (with a work), to be ho(i)ttena, to have finished, esp. a big piece of out-door work, as, e.g. hay- and corn-harvest (Yⁿ.?); dey were ho(i)ttena. hoittena [hȯi‘··təna·]: Conn^m.? II) more rarely as a subst.: conclusion of a work; dis is (de) hottna, dis will be hottna, this will be the finishing touch, appl. to the accomplishment of any work. U^wg. [hȯⁱtna, håƫna]. hurro [hurrō·] for hottna, hoitna! hurrah for the finishing of the work (esp.: for the last trip to the hill to fetch peats)! U^{wg., n}. III) as interj.: ho(i)ttena! ho(i)ttena horn [hōrn, hō^ərn]! shout of joy at the accomplishment of a work, esp. on the bringing home the last peats from the hill (Yⁿ.). — The word is a deriv. of a *hátta, non-mutated form of “hætta”: O.N. hætta, vb., to cease; stop. The suffixes -ena, -na, -ni, -in, may originate, partly from a pres. part. form “*háttandi and hættandi”, partly from a subst. form “*háttan, hættan” (*hátting, *hætting), f.

hotter [hȯtər], vb., to shiver, e.g. with cold so that the teeth chatter; a hotterin soond [‘sound’]. N. Sw. dial. huttra, Da. dial. huddre, vb., to shiver, e.g. with cold; L.Sc. hotter, vb., to bubble, seethe (esp. appl. to sound); to shudder, shiver.

†hotti, sb., see hoid, sb.

*hotti, now hoitti, hoiti [håi‘ti], adj., touchy; fretful; irritable; easily offended. Conn., Sandw., Du. Prob. to be classed with No. haatt, m., in sense of mood, spirits, from O.N. háttr, m., mode, condition; No. ill-haattad, adj., in bad humour; cross; hot-tempered. See hott (hoit), sb.

hov [hōv], sb., the remaining stubble on a mown grass-field; the field after having been mown. Also høv [hø̄v] and høvi [hø̄vi], de mawn [‘mown’] h. Uⁿ. *háf- or *hóf-. Fær. hógvur, m., from an older *hóvur = Shetl. hov, høv(i). No. hov, m. and f., haav, f., = haa (ho), f., aftermath, O.N. há, f.

hoveldarigg, hovelsrigg, sb., see hjogeldarigg.

hovi [hōvi, hovi, hɔvi, hȯvi], sb., 1) plaited basket, e.g. of mugwort, straw or dried stalks of dock, esp. a) a small fish-creel, a piltek-h. S.Sh. (Du.): hɔvi. F.I.: hȯvi (= bødi). Occas. høvi [hø̄vi] (N.Roe). b) a straw-basket for holding bait (limpets), a bait-h., a limpet-h. This basket is (acc. to report from Conn.) a little more square at the bottom than the common “kessi”, and is provided with a carrying-band across the mouth. S.Sh. Y. occas. Du. (S.Sh.): hōvi, hɔvi. Y.: hōvi. From Conn. is reported the form høvi [høvi] in sense 1 b. c) a bee-hive-shaped straw-basket for holding salt, a saut [‘salf]-h. Sandw., Du. [hɔ̇vi]. In the last sense a parallel form, hobi, hobbi [hɔbi, håbi] is reported from Du., a sauti [‘salt’]-h. d) a small basket or muzzle, tied over a horse’s mouth to prevent it eating the corn, a bet-h. [bē^ət-hɔvi, -hovi]. Du. See bet, sb. 2) a kind of bag-net, esp. for trout-fishing in a stream; a troot [‘trout’]-h. [hovi, hɔvi]. This appliance is commonly formed of dried, plaited dock-stalks, conical in shape, and open at the apex, to which a small bag is fixed; the wider end is distended by a hoop. In sense 2 more comm.: høvi [høvi]. — O.N. háfr, m., No. haav, hov, m., a) a basket with a long handle (a landing-net) by means of which small fish are scooped out of the water or from the fishing-net; b) a bow-net for fishing in a stream. — See koddi and køvi, sbs.

hovl, hovel [hȯvəl], vb., to trudge, to drag oneself along; to h. alang [‘along’]. Nm^s. No. hofla and hufla, vb., to trudge, to plod, e.g. in loose, flopping shoes. Cf. hivl, vb.

hu [hū], sb., properly hide, skin, but now used only in a few phrases in which the proper meaning of the word has been partly obscured; thus: a) by hu or hair, at all costs, by hook or by crook; tak’ de coo t’rough by hu or hair! make the cow go, drive it along at any cost! prop. “by hide or hair”. Also: by hook or crook; b) atween hu and hair, atween de hu and de hair, prop. “betwixt hide and hair”: α) with great difficulty; I gat [‘got’] him to dø [‘do’] it atween hu and hair, I had great difficulty in getting him to do it (reported by W.R.); “atween hu and hair”! I’m [‘have’] had a terrible day de day [‘to-day’]”, I have had a terrible day to-day, I could scarcely manage it; β) as an exclamation, expressing doubt about the veracity of an exaggerated or improbable story: atween de hu and de hair! that is very strange! etc. In the same sense as “atween (de) hu and (de) hair” is also used: “atween horn and hair” and “atween de hals [has] and de head”. — Conn. — O.N. húð, f., hide.

hub [hub, hô̄b^{[errata 1]}], sb., a small, land-locked bay or creek formed by the sea and partly dry at ebb-tide; the head of a bay or creek, esp. where a small stream runs into it. N.I. Partly in pl.: hubs. Edm.: hoobs. Ork. hope, sb., a small bay (Edm.), and “hubbin” (A.W.J.). O.N. hópr, m., and (Icel.) hóp, n., a small, land-locked bay.

hube, huba [hūbə, hūbꜵ, hūba; hô̅b-], sb., a crowd; great number; (large) flock, a great h. o’ folk, o’ sheep. Conn. O.N. hópr, m., id.

hube [hūbə, hūbꜵ], interj., halloo! a shout by which a dog is called back from a distance. Papa? (acc. to J.I.). Is poss. to be classed with No. hua, huva, vb., Icel. hóa, vb., to shout, call, and Sw. dial. hovvä, huvvä! interj., ho! halloo!

hud [hūd], vb., to give a hint, a brief instruction regarding the execution of something (e.g. an errand); I only had to h. it till him, and he would geng [‘go’], I had only to give him a hint or say one word, he was off at once to carry out his task. Conn. Is the same word as O.N. hóta, vb., prop. to raise one’s hand, to swing the arm, handed down in sense of to threaten. No. hota, vb., to raise the hand threateningly, and høta, høtta, hytta, vb., partly to swing the arm as though to give a blow, partly to threaten. — Cf. hød¹, vb.

hudek [hūdək], hødek [hø̄dək], høder [hø̄dər, hødər], sb., fishermen’s tabu-name, sea-term for “hoggistaf, huggistaf”, a gaff (a stick provided with an iron hook for securing a large fish when drawn to the surface of the water). N.I., Nm. Yⁿ.: hudek. U. (and Y.): hødek. Fe.: høder (and hødek). Nm.: høder [hø̄dər]. hutrikin [hut··rɩkɩn·] (Fe.?) is a rarer double-suffixed parallel form. — The word is prob. to be classed with a) Sw. dial. hota, höta, vb., to drill holes in the earth with an iron bar (for hedge-stakes), and “hutta”, vb., to push, also to spear fish through a hole in the ice with a fish-spear; b) No. hytt, m., inter alia a pike, also a small gaff by which to secure fish (R.). — hudek, etc. appears to be classed etymologically with hwadi², sb., in the same sense; q.v.

hudin [hūdin], sb., a hint, a brief instruction to one regarding what he (she) has to carry out, esp. an errand; to geng [‘go’] upo de (first) h.: at once; he guid wi’ de first h., he went at the first hint; he didno [‘-not’] tak’ a h.: he went at once; — to wait de h., to await the opportune moment for carrying out anything. Conn. *hótan or *hóting. See hud, vb.

hufsahellek, sb., see ufsahella, sb.

hufsi, sb., see ofs, ofsi, sb.

hug [hūg], vb., 1) to sit on one’s hams; to settle on one’s hams; to h. doon [‘down’]. Also 2) to creep stealthily along in a bent position, to geng hugin; to h. anesell [‘oneself’]; he huged [hūgəd] him [‘himself’] in under de dyke (the wall). Nmⁿ. O.N. húka, vb., to sit on one’s hams. Cf. huk (hok), hukl, vb., and huker, sb.

*hugfell [hokfäᶅ·], vb., to like, to be charmed with, a person or thing. Uⁿ. Edm. has: “huckfail, to like or fancy, any thing or person”. Another form “hjokfäᶅ·” is reported from Uⁿ. with uncertain meaning; prob. the same word. — *hug-fella; cf. O.N. hugfeldr and hugfellr, adj., according to one’s liking, agreeable, prop. “that agrees well with one’s mind”. “*hugfella”, prop. “to keep in one’s mind."

hugg(i) and huggistaf, sbs., see hoggi and hoggistaf.

huk [huk], vb., 1) to sit on one’s hams, to sit hukin on de fire (over the fire on the hearth); also hok [hɔk], to sit hokin ower de fire. 2) to huddle oneself up, esp. from cold; to huk (sit hukin) on de cauld [‘cold’]. U^wg. — While hug [hūg], vb. (see above), prob. springs from a form with long vowel-sound, the relation, regarding huk, in this respect, is more doubtful. The form hok springs from a *hoka with a short main vowel; see hok, vb.

huker [hukər], sb., comm. in pl.: hukers, the knees fully bent when in a crouching position; to sit on de hukers, to sit on one’s hams. comm. (= L.Sc. hunker, vb.). Deriv. of huk, vb., or from *hukr- (see under hukl, vb.).

huketi [huk··əti·], adj., in definite form, curved, bent; only reported in the current, versified riddle about the meadow and the brook: Huketi, kruketi [kruk··əti·], hwar rinns du? you bent one, you crooked one, where are you running to? (the meadow’s inquiry of the brook). Klippet tail every year, why spørs du? you, that get your tail cut every year, why do you ask that? (the brook’s answer to the meadow). — *húkótti, def. form of *húkóttr, adj., curved, bent. See hug and huk, vb.

hukl, hukel [hukəl], vb., to sit on one’s hams, to h. doon [‘down’], = to hug, vb.; to hukl onde knees: to sit huklin ower de fire, to sit crouching over the fire on the hearth to warm oneself. Uⁿ. From an orig. *hukla (or *hukra). No. hukla and hukra, vb., to huddle oneself up, esp. from cold (= Shetl. huk, vb. 2), and hokra, vb., to limp in a bent position; O.N. hokra, vb., to go bent; to creep stealthily along, = Shetl. hug, vb. 2.

hul [hul], sb., a hillock. Y^h. Now almost obsolete as a common noun, but still used in place-names, names of hills in localities, where the meaning of the word is often understood by the common people. In place-names comm. with suffixed def. art.: Hulen (Hulin) [hulən (hulɩn)], in pl.: de Hulens (in several places), de Hulins (Yⁿ.). “Hulen” may otherwise also be dat. pl. [*hólum] with dropped preposition. With added descriptive adjectives, e.g.: Hulen brenda [brænda, bräᶇda] (Norwick, Uⁿ.): *hóllin brendi, the blackened hill; Hulen hjoga [hjōga] (Gluss, Nm.): *hóllinn hǫgi (hái), the high hill; Hulna hwessa [hulna hwæssa] (Taft, Burrafirth, U.): *hóllinn hvassi or *hólarnir hvǫssu (pl.), the peaked hill; Hulen (Hollen) kwida [hulən, hoᶅən, hȯᶅən kwi̇̄da] (Fladab., Conn.): *hóllinn hvíti, the white hill; Hulen rundi [rundi] (Ness of Islesburgh, Nm^w.} the round hill; Hul or Hulen skarpa (Wd.): *hóllinn skarpi, the peaked or dry hill, covered with a thin layer of earth, now found as the name of a farm; Hulen stura [stūra] (Nunsbrough, Ai.), Hulen stura or sturi (Sandwich and Levenwick, Du.), Ulna [ulna] stura (Fo.): *hóllinn stóri, the large hill. As the second part of compds. in bisyllabic place-names (names of hills), hul is commonly abbreviated to ol [ol, ȯ1, əl] or wol [wȯl (wəl)], e.g. Bratthul [bratol, bräi‘twȯl] (Y.): *bratt-hóll, the steep hill; Grodhul [grōdol, grōdwȯl, -wəl] (N^s.): *grjót-hóll, stony hill; Kjorkhul [kjȯ‘rkol] (Kwarf, S.Sh.): *kirkju-hóll, “church-hill"; Kwirhul [kwɩrəl] (W.): *kvíar-hóll, see *kwi, sb.; Lirhul [li̇̄rhul and li̇̄rwȯl] (Norwick, Uⁿ.): *hlíðar-hóll, see li, sb.; Skibhul [sᶄɩbəl] (U^b., W.): *skip-hóll (a hill from which a look-out is kept for ships or boats); Stenshul [stenᶊwȯl, -wəl] (Wd.): *steins-hóll (named after a large stone or rock), now the name of a farm; Sturhul [stūrȯl, stūrəl] (N.): *stórhóll, the great hill; Swarthul [swa‘rtol, swa‘rtwȯl] (Br., Y.): *svarthóll, the black hill; Wolvhul (Wolwhul, Wolhul) [wȯlvəl, wȯlwȯl, wȯl··əwȯl·, wȯlol] (Tegen, De.: wȯlvəl, wȯlwȯl, “de W. knowe [‘knoll’]”; Wd.: wȯl··əwȯl·; Fladabister, Conn.: wȯlol) and Wolver(s)hul [wȯl··vər(s)ol·] (Y^m.): *alf-hóll, fairy-hillock; for the form “wolver-” cf. Fær. álvar- in “álvarhús” (for “álvahús”, fairy dwelling). See Shetl. Stedn., pp. 111—112. — O.N. hôll, m., a height, hill.

*hulefer [hul··əfər·], sb., a very big ling; partly compd. with haser, sb.; a hulefer-haser. Prop. sea-term, tabu-name belonging to fishermen’s lang. W. Burr., Ai. Etym. uncertain. Fig. application of O.N. úlfr, m., wolf?

⁽*⁾huleferdal, huliferdal [hul·əfərdāl·], adjectival expr. applied to badly-spun worsted: very uneven, alternately thin and lumpy; de worsed [‘worsted’] is a’ [‘all’] h. Nm^w. (Esh.). Prob. a jocular application of an orig.: *hóll-yfir-dal, “hill over dale”, i.e.: hilly. Cf. brogget, adj., prop. hilly, applied to uneven worsted.

huleferhaser [hul··əfər·hā··sər], sb., see *hulefer and haser, sbs.

hulk [hu‘lk], sb., commotion in the sea, esp. of crested sea; a h. i’ de sea. U. The vowel-sound suggests an origin diff. from holk¹, sb. Prob. to be classed with No. hulk, n., unevenness; roughness. See holk^{1 and 3}, sbs.

hulk [hu‘lk], vb., = holk², vb. Du.

*hulm [hulm], sb., a holm, islet, O.N. hólmr, m. Now only found in a single compd., as: hulmsund [hul·sund·], see below, and as the first part of compds. in some place-names, esp. names of lakes with islets, e.g. Hulmawater (St.), name of a lake: *hólma-(vatn), Hulmasjøn [hul··maᶊøn·] (Hamar Ness, Nm^w.), name of a lake: *hólma-tjǫrn, see sjønn, sb. (a small lake, etc.); further, e.g. Hulmkoddi [hul·kȯd·i], a point of land on the north side of “de Holm o’ West Sandwick” (Yell^w.). Elsewhere the word has been anglicised to holm, pronounced “hɔm (håm)”, more rarely with preserved l: hɔl^əm (as e.g. in Du^s. occas.). As the second part of a compd. ho(l)m is often found abbreviated to -om [ȯm]; thus: Brattholm [bräƫȯm], Fladholm [fladȯm], Nøstholm [nøstȯm] (Russeter, Fe^w.): *bratthólmr, *flathólmr, *nausthólmr; Skorholm [skȯrȯm, skȯrəm] (Whalsay Sound): *skorhólmr; Wedder [wäd··ərȯm]: *veðrhólmr, “ramsholm”. See Shetl. Stedn. pp. 112—113.

hulmsund [hul·sund·], sb., a small sound between an islet and the opposite mainland; between an island and one or more holms, or among holms and skerries. Conn. As place-names are found: “de Hulmsund [hul·sund·]”, a sound between Yell (Y^m.) and Kay holm; further: Hulmsond [hul·sȯᶇd·], near Fetlar (Fe^s.-e.). — *hólmsund “holm(’s)-sound”; see *hulm and sund¹, sbs.

hum [(hum) hô̆m], sb., gloomy sky, (dense) haze. De. O.N. húm, n., gloom; twilight, No. hum, n., darkness caused by gathering clouds. Cf. hums², humsk(er), sb.

hum [(hum) hô̆m], vb., to grow dusk; he is humin, the twilight is coming on. De. O.N. húma, vb., to grow dusk. A mutated form høm, from *hýma, is more common in Shetl.; see høm, vb.

humi, hum-y [(humi) hô̆mi], adj., applied to the air: somewhat dark, murky, misty, hazy; he is a kind o’ h.-lookin’, the air is hazy, it looks as if it would be misty weather. De. Deriv. of hum, sb.; cf. No. humen, adj., obscure; dark.

humin [(humɩn) hô̆mɩn], sb., evening twilight (the early part of evening twilight). De., Du. From hum, sb. See further the mutated and more common form, hømin.

huml, hummel [homəl] and homl, hommel [hȯməl], vb., 1) to chip or to remove corners and edges off something, esp. wood; de corners is [‘are’] hummeld aff o’ [‘off’] de wood (wreck-wood), the sharp edges are worn off the wreck-wood (Du.). Most comm. used in sense: 2) to thresh the bearded ears of barley (the second threshing), to h. bere. In the sense first given the word is = Sw. dial. hammla, hommla, vb., to round off, to lop off twigs; cf. O.N. hamla, vb., to mutilate, O.H.G. hamal, adj., curtailed, L.Sc. homyll, hummil, adj., polled (refers to a hornless cow). In the second sense, huml, homl, is Eng. and L.Sc. hummel, vb., to hummel bere.

humlaband, humliband, sb., see homliband.

humlins [homlɩns], sb. pl., whirlpools (Yⁿ.); see further swimlins, swumlins (under swiml, sb.), and hwumlins, sb.

humpi, hump-y [ho‘mpi], adj., rough, applied to the sea; de sea is gettin’ (turnin’) h. Du. No. humputt, adj., rough, uneven (hump, m., inter alia: roughness, unevenness: R.); Eng. humpy, adj. Cf. hums¹, sb.

humpigumpi [ho‘m··pigo‘m·pi and ho‘m·pigo‘m·pi], sb., rump, buttocks. U^c.; handed down especially in a versified riddle, beginning: I sat upo my h. The word is a compd. of *hump- (No. hump, m., knoll; piece of flesh; rump) and O.N. gumpr, m., rump. Cf. Sw. dial. hympägympä, n., of something baggy (in clothes).

hums¹ [hu‘ms, ho‘ms (ho‘mps)], sb., surge or swell in the sea, esp. with short, choppy (not breaking) waves; der’r [‘there is’] a h. i’ de sea. Nm^w. (Nibon) [hu‘ms]. N.Roe [ho‘ms (ho‘mps)]. Also homs [hȯ‘ms]: Ai. The word is to be classed with No. humsa, vb., to walk heavily, to stump; cf. No. humputt, adj., rough, uneven, and the use of Shetl. humpi, adj.

hums² [hu‘ms, ho‘ms], humsk [hu‘msk, ho‘msk], humsker [ho‘mskər], sb., gloomy sky, dense haze, a hums o’ mist (Wests.; L. occas.; Du.); also of gathering clouds. Often used to denote haze over the land some distance off; der’r a hums on de land, ower de land (Nm^w.; Fo.). — hjums [hju‘ms] (Esh. occas., Nm^w.) = hums. — humsk: Nm. occas. [hu‘msk] and Wh. [ho‘msk]; a humsk ower de sky or land. humsker: Fo. — In Fo. and a few other places on Wests. is also used homs [hȯ‘ms], thin vapour or light clouds obscuring the sun to some extent. — From Deⁿ. (Brae) is reported hums [ho‘ms] in sense of dusk or dawn, de h. o’ de eenin’ [‘evening’], de h. o’ de mornin’. In De^w. (M.Roe) is found homs [hȯ‘ms], and in Nmⁿ. (N.Roe) a form hungs (hunks) [ho‘ŋs (ho‘ŋks)] in sense of evening twilight; he is comin’ to de h. o’ de night (in this sense more comm.: hømin), humskin [ho‘mskin]: L. — Deriv. of O.N. húm, n., gloom; dark air; twilight; see hum, sb. humska¹, sb., q.v., is prop. the same word as hums(k).

humset¹ [ho‘msət], hjumset [hjo‘msət], adj., ill-shaped, having a bad carriage, e.g. one shoulder higher than the other. Often used with prefixed “ill”: ill-h(j)umset. U. Other forms are: hungset [ho‘ŋsət], ill-hungset, hunkset and hjongset [hjɔ‘ŋsət] for *hongset. U.: hungset (U^c.) and hjongset. hunkset [ho‘ŋksət]: N.Roe. — The word is to be classed with No. humsa, vb., to walk heavily, to stump. Cf. hungs (hunks), vb.

humset² [ho‘msət], humsi, hums-y [ho‘msi], adj., of the sky, the weather: cloudy; misty; hazy; a h. sky, h. wadder, a h.-lookin’ day. From hums², sb. See humsket, adj.

humska¹ [ho‘mska] and homska [hɔ‘mska], sb., fleecy clouds, esp. in an overcast sky with openings between the clouds. U^n.-w., Nmⁿ. occas. From Nmⁿ. are reported the parallel forms hungska [ho‘ŋska], and with i-mutation: hømska [hø‘mska]. hømska is besides given by W.R. in sense of twilight; i’ de hømska = i’ de hømin. — The word is a deriv. of O.N. húm, n., gloom; dark air; twilight. See hums², humsk, sb., and cf. besides No. hymskjen, adj., applied to the sky: somewhat overcast (R.).

*humska² [(hu‘mska) ho‘mska] and *hunska [hu‘nska], sb., a kind of black pudding, made of blood (oxblood) and meal. U. (hunska); oxblood poured over cabbage in a pot and boiled together with meal: Fo. (humska). Also with dropped m: huska [huska]: Fo. From Y^h. is reported a form hungska [ho‘ŋska] in the same sense as hunska, reported from U. “hungska” is prob. developed from “humska” by the change ms > ngs in Shetl. Norn. — Prob. the same word as O.Da. humske, hunske, f., (unclean) liquid.

humsker, sb., see hums², humsk, sb.

humsket, [ho‘mskət], adj., dark; murky; hazy; overcast; de sky is h.; Wh. From Nmⁿ. (N.Roe) is reported a parallel form hømsket [hø‘mskət], a h. sky. See humska¹, sb., and cf. No. hymskjen, adj., appl. to the sky: somewhat overcast.

humskin [ho‘mskin], sb., twilight; i’ de h. L. From humsk; see hums², sb. More comm.: hømin.

hun [hūn (hū^en, hô^ən) hun], sb., 1) a wooden handle, esp. a) the handle of the lid of a bucket or chest; b) a door-handle. 2) sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for hoggistaf, huggistaf, a gaff (a stick provided with an iron hook for landing a large fish); in this latter sense only reported from F.I. [hun]. 3) the mast-head with the hole through which the halyard goes for hoisting and lowering the sail; esp. in pl.: de huns o’ de mast. Fo. [hūn]. 4) the uppermost end of a rafter, esp. in pl., de huns, denoting the joining of the rafters at the top of a roof; de huns o’ de couples. — Beside hun is found a form høn [høn], esp. in the exprs.: “de høns o’ de mast” and “de høns o’ de couples”, reported from S.Sh., Sa., Y. and U. (in Fe., on the other hand: hū^ən, hō^ən, hun). Sa.: høn, hⁱøn. — Icel. húnn, Fær. húni, m., a wooden handle, e.g. the handle of the lid of a chest or bucket; No. hun, m., a plank covered with bark on one side. O.N. húnn, m., a cube-shaped piece of wood, also mast-head (with húnbora = the hole through which the halyard goes); Fær. húnar, pl., mast-head, esp. in poetry.

hund [hond], sb., a dog; pronounced with u [o]-sound, e.g. in Fo. Otherwise often: hond [hȯnd, hȯᶇd], esp. of a large, ugly dog. Metaph., hond is used as a contemptuous term about or to a person; dy hond [di hȯᶇd]! you hound! (U^{n., bu}.). Also hønd [hønd]. A dim. form. hondi [hȯndi] is mostly used as a pet name for a dog. — O.N. hundr, m., a dog, L.Sc. hund, sb. — Now comm.: Eng. dog. In certain phrases, however, hund, hond or hønd are still used, as: a hoken [hɔkən, håkən] h., a greedy dog; see the proverbial phrase given under hoken, adj.

hundski [hu‘nski], disparaging term of address. U^wg. Prop. you currish (fellow)? Prob. from hundskr, Da. hundsk, adj., coarse; currish.

*hunek [hūnək) hô̅nək], sb., a hen; kirr [kərr] de huneks! shoo the hens away! Esh., Nm^w. O.N. hœna, f., a hen. Shetl. hunek by dropped i-mutation. For another Shetl. form of this word with the final s of the stem preserved, see *hjonsa.

hungs [ho‘ŋs] and hunks [ho‘ŋks], vb., 1) to move with a heavy, rolling gait. N.Roe: hunks. 2) to shrug one’s shoulders, to hungs (hunks) upon anesell [‘oneself’]. Also: to hjongs [hjɔ‘ŋs] upon anesell; he hjongst upon him [‘himself’]: Y. and Fe.(?) occas. 3) to push up, to make something sit better by moving it upwards, e.g. a burden on one’s back; to hungs (hunks) op a kessi (a straw-basket); to h. op de troosers, to hitch up the trousers. — Prob. for *hums, and to be classed with No. humsa, vb., to walk heavily, to stump, with the oft occurring change ms > ngs, nks in Shetl. Norn; cf. e.g. hums², sb., and humset, adj., with the parallel forms hungs (hunks) and hungset (hunkset). Cf. hims², vb., as well as hings (hinks), vb., and the derivatives of these words.

hungset, hunkset, adj., see humset¹, adj.

hunk [ho‘ŋk], sb., a lift or heave upwards; to gi’e a h., to heis (to hoist) wi’ a h. (cf. J. B., Rasmie’s Büddie, p. 104). See the foll. word.

hunk [ho‘ŋk], vb., to heave or push higher up. S.Sh. To be classed with No. honka, prop. hunka, vb., to walk unsteadily. Cf. honki, sb., and hungs (hunks), vb.

hunkers [ho‘ŋkərs], sb. pl., a pasty mass, a chopped-up mixture (potatoes and bursten; q.v.), esp. in the compd. “gili-h.”; q.v. Fe. Uncertain origin, hunk- might poss. be a parallel form (with another derivative ending) to No. hump, m., Da. humpel, c., a knoll; lump; piece.

hurem, hurm, sb., grain of leather, etc., see horem, sb.

hurikuris [hū··rikū·ris, hur··ikur·is], sb. pl., half-awake, sulky state, see further urikuri, sb.

†hurkl, hurkel [hu‘rkəl, ho‘rkəl], vb., to walk in a bent position, unsteadily and shivering from cold (with chattering teeth), to geng hurklin wi’ de cauld [‘cold’]. The word is most prob. to be classed with L.Sc. hurkle, hurkill, vb., to draw the body together, but has also implied sense of horkl, horkel, vb.; q.v. Cf. also No. hurkla, vb., in sense of to move unsteadily with a grating or rumbling sound, and O.N. hǫrkla, vb., to drag oneself along.

hurr [horr] and now comm.: horr [hȯrr], sb., a whirling; a whirring sound; also applied to the purring of a cat. See hurr, vb.

hurr [horr] and now comm.: horr [hȯrr], vb., to whirl; whirr (to produce a whirring sound); also applied to a cat: to purr. No. and Sw. (dial.) hurra, Da. hurre, Eng. hurr. vb.

hurro [hor··rō·, hor·rō·], sb., liveliness; vivacity; ardour; laek’ [‘like’] h., vivaciously; lively; ardently (J.B., Sketches, 2nd edit. p. 113). No. hurra, f., whirling, rushing speed. hurro prop. represents the old accus. form “hurru”. See horro, sb., used in a different sense.

hurt [ho‘rt], sb., laying, time for laying eggs; also appl. to young birds being hatched: to come to de h., on the point of breaking the shell. Fo. See further urt, ort, sbs.

hurus, sb. and vb., see horus, sb. and vb.

hus [hūs (hôs), hus], sb., 1) a house, dwelling. 2) a family circle, in certain phrases, such as: mony [‘many’] a feared h. was for him, there was much anxiety for his fate in many families or households (N.Roe). O.N. hús, n., a house, also family.

hus¹ [hūs (hôs)], vb., to house, to bring into the house or under cover; to h. de taatis [‘potatoes’]. O.N. hýsa and húsa (Sw. husa, Da. huse), id.

hus² [hūs] and huz [hūz], vb., to lift a child up, and rock it to and fro, to make it stop crying. to h. a bairn, to h. a bairn op; h. him (de boy) op! U. *husa. No. hussa and hysja, vb., to rock, hysa, vb., to throw high up into the air; Icel. hossa, vb., to dandle; Sw. hyssa, vb., to throw (into the air), to rock, e.g. a child. The Shetl. form “hūz” indicates an old form with a single s.

husamilla [hus·amɩᶅ··a, -meᶅ··a, -məᶅ··a, hos·a-], adverbial phrase: “to geng h.”, to go from house to house, gathering news, gossip. Fairly common. Among other forms are reported: husamoll(j)a [hus·amȯᶅ··a] (L., Ai.) and husamolli [hus·amȯⁱll··i] (Sandw., Du., Conn.). An obsolete form with final n: -millan [mɩᶅan, meᶅan, məᶅan], reported by J. I. — Prop. among the houses; No. husamillom, husemillom, Fær. húsa midlun, from one house to another. Cf. O.N. ganga meðal húsa, to go from house to house, to go a-begging. See *milla, prep. and adv.

husbørd? [husbərd], sb., an uncultivated, grass-grown spot immediately in front of a farm, almost = tunwel. U^s. The first part of the compd. is hus, sb.; the second part is poss. brød, sb., with r transposed; O.N. braut, f., a road (cut out through rocks), Fær. breyt, f., partly = tún, n., in sense of courtyard.

husel [(hūsəl) hôsəl], sb., something of great circumference; a very large fish (esp. a large ling); a h. o’ a wife, a very big woman. Whⁿ. No. husul, m., a big, strong fellow (R.).

husfolk [husfɔk, *-fɔ‘lk], sb. (pl.), inmates of a house. *húsfólk.

hushad [hushad], sb., housekeeping, management of a house; No. hushald, Icel. and Fær. húshald, n. L.Sc. and Shetl. had, sb., = Eng. hold.

husi [hūsi], in the exclamation “h. op!” heave, ho! in dragging up a boat to the shed. Sa. Prob. a parallel form to hisi, hoisting, lifting up. As to the vowel-sound u, a possible merging with hus², vb., might be suggested.

husiskräimer [hus··iskräi·mər], sb., a creature sneaking about in a house to pick up something for food, esp. a hen. Br. The first part of the compd. is hus, sb.; the second part is a deriv. of skräim, No. skrima, vb., to appear dimly.

huska, sb., see *humska², sb.

huskis [huskɩs]-day, sb., day on which one is served with huska, *humska².

husl, husel [husəl, hosəl, hos^əl], sb., 1) a sighing, drying wind. Also hosl, hosel [hȯsəl: Y. occas.; hɔsəl: Esh., Nm^w.]. a h. o’ wind, a steady, drying breeze. (Esh.). 2) a person bustling about in a great hurry from one trifle to another, esp. inside the house. Sa. [hos^əl, ho^rs^əl]. See the foll. word.

husl, husel [husəl, hosəl, hos^əl], vb., 1) vb. n., to sigh; blow; whirl; of a drying wind; de wind will h. t’rough de strae [‘straw’] (Fe.). U.: hôsəl. 2) vb. a., to whirl something around or into the air; de wind huseld de sheaves aroond (Y^h.). From Y^h. is reported a parallel form hosl, hosel [hȯsəl). 3) vb. n., to rush around or away in a great hurry; to bustle about from one trifle to another; to be geng huslin; to be huslin for ever. Sa. [hosəl, ho^rsəl]. — l-deriv. of a *hus, vb. Cf. hoss (hosj), sb., and hoss¹ (hosj), vb., as well as No. hysja, vb., in sense of to stir up something, to put in disorder (of the wind, entangling the ears of corn in the field): R. No. husla, vb., is used somewhat diff., metaph.: to play the fool, to trifle, etc., but is prop. the same word as Shetl. husl. L.Sc. hoozle, vb., is found in sense of to breathe with a wheezing sound.

husli, husl-y [hô̆sli], adj., sighing; drying, of wind; a h. wind. U. See husl, vb.

husrum [husrum], sb., 1) houseroom; he had nae [‘no’] h. for it. 2) shelter; to gi’e ane [‘one’] h. O.N. húsrúm, n., houseroom; shelter.

huss (hussj) [huᶊ(ᶊ), hoᶊᶊ], vb., to shoo away, e.g. mice or poultry, esp. hens; to h. awa de hens. Uⁿ. No. hussa, vb., to frighten; chase away. See hoss² (hossj), vb.

huss (hussj) [huᶊ(ᶊ), hoᶊᶊ], interj., exclamation by which poultry (hens) are chased away: shoo! esp. in the exp. huss-kirr [huᶊ kerr]! Uⁿ. A form husseka [hoᶊᶊ·əka·] is reported in the expr. husseka musseka [hoᶊᶊ··əka· moᶊ(ᶊ)··əka·] as an exclamation or a kind of formula (now obs.) in chasing away mice. Uⁿ. — See hoss (hossj), interj.

huss-kirr, interj., see prec. huss, interj.

hustakk, sb., see høstakk, sb.

†husvirdin [hus·vɩrd··ɩn], sb., a clever housewife, a woman able to manage the house; a guid [‘good’] h. U^{m., n}. Prop. hostess, Germ. hauswirthin, f. With vird- (virdin) cf. No. and Da. vert, vært, Sw. värd, Germ. wirth, m.

hut [hut], vb., to threaten; bully; persecute, = No. and Sw. huta, vb., occas. also Eng. hoot, vb.

huten-truten, adj., see trøttin, adj.

hutr, huter [hutər (hôtər)], vb., to threaten someone into silence; to treat contemptuously, to bully, to h. a body [‘person’]; to make a dog to stop by threat, esp. to stop barking, to h. a dog. No. and Sw. huta, vb., id. In No. is found a derived form “hutra”, vb., in sense of to drive away with threats.

hutrikin [hut··rɩkɩn·], sb., 1) = hudek, hødek, høder: sea-term for hoggistaf, a gaff. Rare. Fe.? (reported by J. I.). 2) in pl. in the phrase “trimmi [trɩmi] hutrikins”, parcels, small things bundled together, necessary for a journey. S.Sh. (Conn., Du.). — Prob. to be referred to No. hytt, m., partly a point; spike; top; tip, partly in a special sense a small gaff for taking up fish (R.), hott, hurt, m., a top; tip. With regard to hutrikin 2, cf. also No. hytta, vb., to employ or distribute in very small portions (R.). For trimmi see trummeks, sb. pl.

†hutti [hoti], sb., a hut, fisherman’s booth, see further under *hoid, sb.

hwadi¹ [hwādi], sb., whirlpool, whirling branch of a main current; esp. in pl.: hwadis, whirlpools, small branches. U^n.-w. Sometimes applied in general to swirls on the surface of the water; I saw de hwadis o’ its tail, I saw the swirls caused by its (the fish’s) tail. U^wg. In Uⁿ. hwadis esp. denotes a) the first or last irregularly running part of the so-called “southfall” (southward running tide), “de hwadis”, and b) tide running against the wind (esp. the south tide going against the south wind), thereby causing a big sea. In U^wg. “de hwadis” is used esp. of certain parts of the strong tide in Blumul Sound between Unst and Yell. — hwadis is the same word as Mœsogot. hvaþo, f., foam, Sw. dial. hvaa, f. (West Gothland), and “vado”, f. (Karleby, East Bothnia in Finland), Bornholm “hva, vae”, n., foam.

hwadi² [hwadi], sb., sea-term, tabu-name, used by fishermen for hoggistaf, a gaff (used for securing a large fish when drawn to the surface of the water). Nm^s. (Sulem). Prob. the same word as O.N. hvati, m., a sword (poet.; Eg.), from “hvatr”, adj., orig.: sharp, keen; later: quick, active. No. kvette, n., a spear, puncheon, is derived from the same root (Aasen, 2nd edit. p. 974: Words from old glossaries). See hudek, sb.

hwag¹ [hwāg], sb., a kind of liver-cake (Lunn., Wh., Sk.); see further *kwag¹, sb.

hwag² [hwāg] and hwaga [hwāga, χwāga], sb., commotion in the sea; see further kwag², kwaga, sb.

hwag [hwāg] and hwak [hwāk], vb., to shake; quiver; swarm; see kwak¹, vb.

hwak [hwāk], vb., to quack, see kwak², vb.

hwakk [hwak], sb., a start, sudden fright, see hwekk, sb.

hwakk [hwak], vb., to startle, see hwekk, vb.

hwal [hwāl], sb., 1) a whale, O.N. hvalr, m., L.Sc. whaal. The pronunc. with ā is characteristic of N.I.; elsewhere now, in proper sense, more comm. pronounced as in Eng. The form with ā, however, is often found in compds. outside N.I., e.g. hwalbak (see below), hwalkrang (L.Sc. krang, sb., the body of a whale divested of the blubber), hwalsløb (see below). 2) metaph.: long, rolling, unbroken wave; mostly in pl., hwals [hwāls], applied to waves of this description. In the same sense hwalbak, prop. the back of a whale.

hwal, sb. and vb., applied to abating of wind and bad weather, see kwal², sb. and vb.

hwalbak [hwālbak], sb., 1) the back of a whale. 2) a long, rolling wave, = hwal 2. hwalbak is occas. found as a place-name, denoting rocks or skerries, in shape resembling the back of a whale; see Sh. Stedn. p. 74. *hvalbak, n., the back of a whale.

hwalben [hwālben (-bēn)], sb., whalebone. O.N. hvalbein, n., id.

hwalgrind [hwāl·grɩnd·], sb., a shoal of whales, see grind, sb. 4. Uⁿ.

hwalp [hwa‘lp, hwā‘lp], sb., a whelp (puppy). *hvalpr = O.N. hvelpr, m., Da. hvalp, L.Sc. whalp, a whelp.

hwalp [hwa‘lp, hwā‘lp], vb., to whelp; de dog is [‘has’] hwalpet. *hvalpa = *hvelpa.

hwalsløb [hwāl·sløb·, -sløb, -slø̄^əb], sb., jelly-fish, medusa. De^w. (M.Roe): hwāl·slø̄b·, -slø̄^əb·. A compd. of hwal, sb., a whale, and sløb, sb., glutinous substance, also jelly-fish. Cf. Fær. “kvalspýggj” as the name for jelly-fish (spýggj, n., a quantity belched out). See glont³, sb. 2.

hwalsnurt [hwālsno‘rt], sb., = hwalsløb. Uⁿ. From hwal, sb., and snort¹, sb., rheum.

hwamm [hwam], sb., 1) a small dale; often to be found in place-names in this sense. Colloquially mostly: a round hollow, depression in the ground; de h. o’ a corn-rig, de h. o’ de rig (rig, corn-rig = cultivated patch). Also hwämm [hwäm] and hwemm [hwæm] (U.). On Wests. and in Nm^w., Lw^s. and Conn.: kwamm [kwam]. 2) the hollow or palm of the hand, de h. o’ de hand; more rarely = kwerk, sb. 2, of the hollow of the sole, de h. o’ de foot; also in the forms kwamm (see above) and hwamp [hwa‘mp] — the last form reported from N. — O.N. hvammr, m., a small dale; L.Sc. quhamm, wham, whaum.

hwangi [hwaŋgi], sb., a non-prolific ram, see kwangi, sb.

*hwar, pron. indef., every, each, any. Noted down in Fo. in the forms *kwara [kwāra, kwara] and *kwart [kwa‘rt]: a) kwara, which is a dat. sing. form in masc., in the phrase “a kwara hala”, on each tail, see Introd., Fragments, nursery rhymes; b) kwart, which is an acc. sing. form in neut., reported in the phrase “flitin [flitɩn] uppo kwart ura [ūra]”, of sheep: roaming about on every hill-top (from hill-top to hill-top in the out-field): *uppá hvert øyra? — O.N. hvarr = hverr, as a pron. indef., every, each, any.

hwar [hwār], adv. 1) interrogative: where; also whither. 2) rel.: where, (there) where, (to) where. — h. till, h. tø [‘to’], a) whither, where; b) for what, to what purpose, why (Nm.). On. Wests., etc.: kwar [kwār]. — O.N. hvar, adv., where, whither.

hwarf, vb., to turn (turn hay), see hwerf, vb.

hwark [hwa‘rk, hwä‘rk], sb., the throat; narrow pass, see kwark, sb.

hwarkibos, -pos [hwa‘r··kɩbȯs· (-pȯs·), hwä‘r··ki-], sb., a swelling in the throat, see kwerkapus, sb.

hwarl [hwarl, hwarəl], sb., a whirl, something circular, esp. 1) hairs growing in a circle on the centre of the crown, de h. o’ de croon [‘crown’]. 2) the fly of a spinning-wheel. 3) = hwarlibrøni. Also kwarl [kwarl, kwarəl]: Wests. etc. — For *hwarvel. With hwarl 1 cf. No. kvervel, m., whirlpool; hairs growing in a circle; the crown of the head, etc., and“ kvarvil”, m., given by R. as a parallel form to “kvervel” (O.N. hvirfill, m., a circle; ring; crown of the head). hwarl 2 is L.Sc. “whorle” in the same sense.

hwarlibrøni [hwār··librøn·i], sb., a round barley- or oat-cake (brøni) with a hole in the middle. Reported from St. both with hw and kw: kwarli [kwārli]-b. Prob. by comparison with the fly of a spindle or of a spinning-wheel. See hwarl, sb.

hwarm [hwarm], sb., the frame of the eyelids encircling the eyes, the rim of the eyelids. Often in a restricted sense: a) the inner rim of the one eyelid; thus in Conn.; de upper kwarm [kwarm] and de lower kwarm; b) the lower eyelid in contrast to the upper one (de ee-lid); c) the corner of the eye, de h. o’ de ee. From Conn. is reported in this sense “de fore-kwarm” of the inner, and “de back-kwarm” of the outer corner of the eye. Easts. and N.I.: hwarm. Wests., etc. kwarm [kwarm]. From Nm^w. are reported the forms of pronunciation: “χwarm” and “k‘warm”, de h. (kwarm) o’ de ee-lid. — O.N. hvarmr, m., the eyelid. No. kvarm, m., a) a frame, window-frame; b) the rim of the eyelid (augnekvarm); Fær. kvarmur, m., = No. kvarm b. — The phrase “de hwarm o’ de foot” (S.Sh. occas.) in the same sense as “de kwerk (kwark, hwark) o’ de foot”, is doubtless due to a mingling with hwamm and hwark.

hwarp, sb. and vb., see hwarv, sb., and hwerf, vb.

*hwart, *kwart, pron. indef. in neut., see *hwar, pron.

hwarv, sb., swath of hay, = skori². Noted down on Wests. (Sa.) in the form kwarv [kwarv]. Another form hwarp [hwa‘rp]. is reported (Ai^e.?). — *hvarf. No. kvarv, n., inter alia, a layer of hay spread out. See further, hwerf, vb.

hwarv¹ [hwarv], vb., to move quickly, to sweep along, to geng hwarvin; to work at high speed, to geng hwarvin t’rough de wark, de shearin’ o’ de corn, to go very quickly through the work, the reaping of the corn. L. O.N. hvarfa, vb., to move (to and fro), to be in (unsteady) motion. hwarv, however, might also be the same word as the foll., and to be classed with hwerf, vb.; q.v.

hwarv² [hwarv, hwärv], vb., (to turn) to turn or rake hay; see further under hwerf, vb.

hwas [*hwās], hwasi [*hwāsi], hwasel [hwāsəl] and hwesel, hwæsel [hwæsəl, hwǣsəl], sb., a wheezing sound, hoarse sound in the throat, esp. of an asthmatic person. The forms hwas, hwasi, have not been noted down with initial h, but in the form of kwas [kwās] and more freq. kwasi [kwāsi], both forms in Fo.; “he had a kwasi in his breast”. The l-deriv. hwasel (Easts., N.I.) is more common, “a h. i’ de trot [‘throat’] (Y^b.); on Wests.: kwasel [kwāsəl]. — The forms hwesel, hwæsel are reported from Fe. — See the foll. word.

hwas [*hwās], hwasi [*hwāsi], hwasel [hwāsəl] and hwesel, hwæsel [hwæsəl, hwǣsəl], vb., 1) to wheeze, to produce hoarse throat-sounds, to be asthmatic. hwas, hwasi are noted down in form of kwas [kwās], kwasi [kwāsi] in Fo. More comm.: hwasel (Easts., N.I.) and kwasel [kwāsəl] (Wests., Conn., etc.). Fe.: hwesel, hwæsel. 2) of wind: to whistle; in this sense only reported in the derivative hwasel, kwasel from Sa. — *hvasa, *hvasla and *hvæsla; O.N. hvæsa, vb., to hiss, whistle. For the vowel-sound in Shetl. hwas(i), hwasel, cf. Sw. dial. hvasa, vb., to whistle. l-derivatives are found in L.Sc. dials., but with deviating vowel-sounds: whaisle, wheasle, whosle, vb., to wheeze.

hwäilet [hwäilət], hwäljet [hwäᶅət], adj., having thick, coarse peel, appl. to potatoes. U^wg. *hveljóttr from hvelja, f., whale-skin; see further hwelji, sb.

hwäili [hwäili], sb., a potato having thick, coarse peel. U^wg. The same word as hwelji, sb.; q.v.

hwäitel, sb., see hwetel, hwitel, sb.

hwedaklett [*hwed··aklæt·], sb., a whetstone, = hwedi, hwidi, sb. Conn. [kwed··aklæt·]. See the foll. word. The second part of the compd. is klett, sb., stone.

hwedi, hwidi [hwedi, hwɩdi] and hwedisten, hwidisten [hwed··isten·, hwɩd··isten·], sb., a soft whetstone. Wh., Sk., L., N. kwedaklett [kwed··aklæt·]: Conn. Deriv. of O.N. hvetja, vb., to whet, sharpen. Cf. Sw. dial. hvettja and “hväddja”, f., “hvättjesten” and “hväddjesten”, n., Da. “hvættesten” and (dial.) hvedsten, n., (soft) whetstone. Cf. hwetel, hwitel, sb.

hweg, sb., see kweg, sb.

hwekk [hwɛk, hwæk], sb., a start; sudden fright; to get a h., to be startled; to gi’e ane a h., to startle one. Fo. In the same place is found kwekk [kwɛk, kwæk], which is the more common, and regularly developed, form in the Foula dialect. In Sa. and Ai. are noted down the forms: a) hwakk [hwak] and kwakk [kwak]; b) swakk in amerswakk, sb.; q.v. — *hvekkr, m. Cf. No. kvekk (gvekk), Fær. kvökkur, m., a start; No. kvekka, gvekke, vekke, Sw. dial. väcka, Fær. kvökka, vb., to be startled. — L.Sc. gluff, sb., which is employed in the same sense, is far more widely used in Shetl. than hwekk, etc.

hwekk [hwɛk, hwæk], vb., to startle, to strike one with sudden terror, to h. ane. Also kwekk [kwɛk, kwæk]. Both forms are noted down in Fo. hwakk [hwak] and kwakk [kwak]: Sa. and Ai.; I kwakked dem, I startled them (Sa.). — *hvekkja; No. kvekkja, vb., to startle. See hwekk, sb.

hwelji [hweᶅɩ (hwəᶅɩ), hwɩᶅɩ], sb., 1) whale-skin. Uⁿ.; Y^b. 2) (a piece of) tough skin, e.g. in flaying an animal: inner coating, attached to the flesh, difficult to flay off, “a h. underneath”. Uⁿ. 3) outer covering; film; layer of bark, e.g. of a walking-stick (Uⁿ.); peel of a potato (Fe.), esp. thick, coarse peel; see hwäili, sb., and hwäilet, adj. 4) a small piece of flesh with skin attached; a small piece of ham; a bit of loosened skin of a finger, etc. Fe. — More rarely hwoli [hwȯli]. — O.N. hvelja, f., whale-skin; No. kvelja, f., film; crust.

hwelk¹, vb., see hwilk, vb.

hwelk², hwolk, sb. and vb., see kwolk, sb. and vb.

hwems, hwims [hwæ‘ms, hwə‘ms], sb., 1) a glance, a (quick) look askance. U. [hwæ‘ms]. 2) fidget, quick or restless movement in turning one’s body. Y. [hwə‘ms]; der’r [‘there is’] a h. upon him. — *hvims from *hvim; see hwems, vb. — hwums (kwums), sb., q.v., is more extended than hwems, hwims in sense 2.

hwems, hwims [hwæ‘ms, hwə‘ms], vb., 1) to glance sideways, to look askance. U. [hwæ‘ms]. 2) a) to fidget, to make quick movements; b) to pass quickly by; he hwimst by [‘past’] me. 3) to vanish suddenly; he hwimst ut o’ my sight. In senses 2 and 3 noted down in Y. and Fe. (Fe^e.) [hwə‘ms]. — *hvimsa from *hvima. Icel. hvima, vb., to move quickly and unsteadily; to look round slyly; No. kvima and kvimsa, Sw. dial. hvimsa (gvimsa), Da. dial. (Jut.) hvimse, vb., to fidget, bustle about. In a similar sense No. kvisma, vb.; but sense 2 of Shetl. hwemst (hwimst), adj., indicates a closer association with *hwims-. — See the more extended hwums (kwums), vb., and cf. hwerm¹, vb.

hwemst and hwimst [hwæ‘mst, hwə‘mst], adj., 1) continually looking from side to side, taking notes, a hwemst body. U. [hwæ‘mst]. 2) light-headed; silly; confused, prop. that which makes sudden, strange movements in turning the head or body; a hwimst body. Fe^e., Y^h. [hwə‘mst]. — *hvims-. No. kvimsen, adj., restless, confused, Sw. dial. hvimsen, hvimsk, and Da. dial. hvims, adj., bewildered, confused. O.N. hvimsi, adj., is handed down in sense of blank, dull. — See hwumset, hwumsket, hwumst, adj.

hwen¹ [hwen, hwɛn (hwæn)], sb., lamentation, woe, see *kwen¹, sb.

hwen² [hwē^ən], sb., a stunt, a ram incapable of procreation; see kwin², kwini, and kwingi, sbs.

*hwenni [hweᶇɩ], sb., a quern, see kwern, sb.

hwepp [hwəp] and hwipp [hwɩp], vb., to snatch, twitch; he hwepped (hwipped) [hwəpəd, hwɩpəd] it ut o’ my hand; he hwipped her in ower. L. (hwepp). Uⁿ. (hwipp). Fo.: kwipp [kwɩp]. From Fe. is reported a parallel form hwupp [hwop], and from Wests. (Sa.): kwupp [kwop]; he hwupped [hwopəd] it ut o’ my hand. — *hveppa. Fær. kveppa, vb. n., to give a start, kveppa, vb. a., in the expr. “kveppa seg”, to give a start, = kveppa, vb. n. No. kveppa, a) vb. a., to startle; b) vb. n., to slip suddenly; to be shaken (with fear); applied to wind, smoke: to drive down in gusts. No. (Solør) gvepp (gvæpp) = kvepp, m., moment (R. Suppl.), indicates an orig. initial “hv”.

hwerf [hwæ‘rf], vb., to turn or rake together; now only applied to new-mown grass, hay: to turn the hay; to rake together into swaths (skoris) the newly cut grass spread on the field; to h. de hay. Uⁿ. The forms with dropped i-mutation are more extended: hwarv [hwarv, hwärv] (Easts.; N.I.) and kwarv [kwarv, kwärv] (Wests.; Nm^w. occas.; Conn.) or kwarf [kwa‘rf] (Ai. occas.); to hwarv (kwarv) hay, to turn the hay, occas. a) to rake the hay into swaths, occas. b) to spread out the hay, raked together into swaths (thus, e.g. in Sa.). In Nm^w. also pronounced “χwarv” or “k‘warv”. From Fo. is reported “hwarv” beside “kwarv”. A form hwarp [hwa‘rp] (M^m., Ai.?) is more rare. — O.N. hverfa, vb. a., to turn; No. kverva, vb., to turn hay (R.), and kvervla, vb., to spread hay (Aa.). See hwarv, sb., and hwerm², hwirm, hwerv, vb.

hwerk, sb., see kwerk, sb.

hwerkapus, sb., see kwerkapus, sb.

hwerkl, hwerkel, vb., see kwerkl, kwerkel, vb.

hwerm¹ [hwærm], vb., 1) to make quick movements in turning one’s body, to h. aroond, aboot a ting. 2) to cast swift glances about one, to h. wi’ de een [‘eyes’], to h. aroond. Uⁿ. Prob. (esp. as the foll. hwerm², hwirm, is found with diff. pronunc. in Uⁿ.) arisen by metathesis from a *hwemr = *hwimr, orig. *hvimra from the stem *hvim-. See further under hwems, vb., to which hwerm¹ chiefly assimilates in meaning. Cf. besides a) Sw. dial. “hvimmer” in the compd. “hvimmer-kant(ig)”, adj., bewildered; senseless, = Sw. literary language “hvimmel-kantig” and Da. dial. hvimmelhovedet; b) No. vima with the derivative vimra, vb., to walk in a maze, to behave foolishly; c) Shetl. hwink, vb.

hwerm², hwirm [hwerm, hwərm, hwɩrm] and hwerv [*hwərv], vb., 1) to pass by quickly, hwerm (hwirm), to h. by, = hwems 2; he hwermd [hwərmd] by [‘past’] me. Y^h. 2) to disappear; vanish; to be lost. Uⁿ. (hwerm, hwirm) and Y. occas. [hwərm]; he hwermd ut o’ my sight (Y); hwirmd (hwermd) doon [‘down’] t’rough de flør [‘floor’], disappeared; lost (Uⁿ.). In this sense the word is noted down in Fo. with final v in the form kwerv [kwərv]; sicc [‘such’] and sicc a ting is kwervd, such and such a thing has disappeared, has been stolen. 3) to dwindle; shrink, hwerm (hwirm); N.Roe [hwərm]; de flesh or fish is hwermd in to naet’in’ [‘nothing’]. — O.N. hverfa, vb. n., a) to move in a circle; to turn about; b) to disappear; to be lost; No. kverva, vb., also: to dwindle; diminish. Esp. for the final m in the Shetl. word cf. Da. dial. (Jut.) hvirm, sb., whirl, whirlwind, and “hvirme”, vb., to whirl. The diff. pronunc. of hwerm¹, to turn oneself about, to look sideways, and hwerm², hwirm in Unst, indicate that hwerm¹ and hwerm² are two different words.

hwermet, hwirmet [hwərmət], adj., 1) continually playing foolish tricks; malicious; naughty; a h. craeter’ [‘creature’], a h. ting. De.; L. 2) shrunken; stunted; crooked; sickly; a h. ting, craeter’, body. De.; L. — From hwerm², hwirm, vb. In sense 1 the word has prob. arisen from a root-meaning: making quick movements or turns, in sense 2 from meaning 3 of hwerm², vb.

hwern, sb., see kwern, sb.

hwess¹ [hwəs(s)], hwiss [hwɩs(s)], hwizz [hwɩz], vb., properly to sharpen, but only handed down in the following metaph. senses: 1) of wind: to increase; sporadically; he is kwissin [kwɩssɩn, kwɩzzɩn] op (Conn.), the wind is increasing. 2) to speak sharply and harshly to someone; sporadically in all the given forɩns; to h. at a body [‘person’]; freq. with object: “to h. a body”, by mingling with another word, see kwiss, vb. — O.N. hvessa, vb., a) to whet, sharpen; b) of wind: to increase; No. kvessa, vb., inter alia to speak sharply, Fær. kvessa í ein, to address someone hotly and angrily. — The Shetl. form hwizz has arisen by mingling with Eng. whizz, vb.

hwetel [hwætəl, hweⁱ‘təl] and hwitel [hw^eitəl, hwɩtəl], sb., a small quernstone for sharpening scythes or knives. Fo. [hwætəl]; U. [hweⁱ‘təl, hw^eitəl, hwɩtəl]. Also hwäitel [hwäitəl], hwitli [hwɩtli] and hwitter-sten [hwɩt··ərsten·]. U. Deriv. of O.N. hvetja, vb., to whet, and formed on analogy of Eng. whittle, sb., which is another word, or of the Eng. slang-word “whittle”, vb. Eng. whet, vb., has probably influenced the word. See hwedi, hwidi, sb.

hwev [hwēv, hwē^əv] and hwevi [hwēvi], sb., tidal eddy, small branch of the main tidal stream, a h. o’ de tide; de hwev o’ de tide, point where a current changes direction, e.g. through meeting a headland. Comm. in pl.: hwevis, whirlpools, tidal streams. Yⁿ. hwev for *swev from original *sveif-. No. sveiv, m., swirl; whirl; whirlpool; O.N. sveifla, vb., to swing; spin in a circle. For the change sv > hw cf. hwum(b)lins as a parallel form to swum(b)lins, swimlins, tidal streams; see further swimlins, sb. pl. (under swiml, sb.). — Cf. hwadi¹, sb.

*hwi, sb., enclosure, hill-pasture for cattle, see kwi, sb.

*hwid [hwi̇̄d (hwid)], adj., white. Wests. and Conn.: kwid [kwi̇̄d (kwid)]. Handed down: a) in two fragments of Norn from Y^h. and Fe. ( α) from Y^h.: *hwiden, hwigen [hwi̇̄gən] in “hw. s(w)iglen”, with white sails, *(með) hvítum seglum; β) from Fe.: *hwi [hwi̇̄] for *hwit, *hwid from *hvítt and *hvítu, nom. and dat. sing. in neut.; see Introd.); b) in *hwida, sb., and brongikwidin, sb. and adj., q.v.; c) in various place-names. Place-names, in which the adjective occas. appears independently after the substantive, occas. as the first part of compd., may be exemplified: α) Hellena hwida [hɛᶅ··əna· hwi̇̄da] (Y^h.), a flat rock containing quartz: *hellan hvíta, the white rock; Hulen kwida [hulən or hoᶅən kwi̇̄da] (Fladab., C.): *hóllinn hvíti, the white hill; Mørna kwida [mørna kwi̇̄da] (Fo.): *mýrrin hvíta, the white bog. β) Kwidamør [kwi̇̄··damør·] (De^w.): hvíta mýrr (see prec. Mørna kwida); Hwidanes [hwid··anɛs·] (in Lunna Ness, L.), Kwidanes [kwid·anɛs·] (Papa St.): *hvíta nes, the white headland. Orig. “*hvíta nes” is anglicised in “Whiteness” (Wd., M.), name of a headland and of a parish, and “Whiteness” (W.), name of a headland. — Forms with preserved t are found in names, such as: Hwitiberg [hwit··ibærg·] (Fe^w.): *hvíta berg, and Hwita- or Kwitastakk [χwit··astak·, kwit··astak·] (Nm^w., in two places): *hvíti stakkr, the white sea-rock.

hwid [hwɩd], sb., 1) a turning oneself in different directions, moving head and body while looking sideways; esp. in pl.: hwids [hwɩds], queer behaviour (in turning round, looking askance), wheer (queer) “hwids”; der ’r “hwids” upon him; sicca [‘such’] “hwids” du has de night [‘to-night’]. Fairly comm. 2) pique, sudden and senseless grudge or ill-will against a person; he’s ta’en [‘he has taken’] a h.; U. (U^{wg., mo}.); from U^wg. also reported in the form hwida [hwɩda]. — The word is prob., at any rate in sense 2, O.N. hviða, f., a fit, attack, in the old language handed down in a special sense as squall of wind (Shetl. hwider), but in Mod. Icel. used in a more extended sense, e.g. of attack of illness, pain or hot temper. For the group under meaning 1, cf. the verbs hwid and hwider, Icel. hviðra, vb., to be moved suddenly; but the word might, however, in these senses have been influenced by L.Sc. whid, quhyd, sb., quick movement; smart stroke, or in former times by Celt. (Welsh) chwid, sb., quick turning, which may also have been Pictish. For probable Pictish influence on Shetl. Norn, see Sh. Stedn. part C, pp. 219—225. It is conceivable that hwid, in sense of looking askance, might be associated with Fær. kveita, vb., to look sideways.

hwid [hwɩd] and hwider [hwɩdər], vb., to turn head or body quickly in different directions; also to glance round, taking note; to sit hwidin or hwiderin aroond. L. (hwid). Y. (hwider: Y^b.). For the form hwider cf. Icel. hviðra, vb., to be moved suddenly, and No. kvidra, vb., to rush to and fro, to bustle, Shetl. hwider, sb., squall of wind. hwid is somewhat more doubtful, since for the given senses it is possible to think not only of an original *hviða, vb., = hviðra, but also of an origin from L.Sc. or Celt., in sense of to look askance, as well as of Fær. kveita, vb.; see above under hwid, sb.

*hwida [hwi̇̄da], sb., “whitefish”, tabu-name at sea for the ling (*longafish). U., Yⁿ., Fe. Prop. adj., in fem. def. form: “the white one”, *(hin) hvíta (understood: langa, f., the ling). The dative form *hwido [hwi̇̄do], appearing in the phrases below, indicates that a fem. word is understood. When, at ling-fishing by boat, the first ling was hauled up, “white!” was cried out, at the second (and the third): “white upo white!” or “white in under white!”; at the third or fourth: “white in under hwido!” (Yⁿ.; U^mo.; Fe.), and at the fourth: hwida ligger o [lɩg··ərə·] hwido or hwida! (U^mo.): *hvíta liggr á hvítu, “white (ling) lies upon white!”

hwider [hwɩdər, hwədər], sb., sudden squall, whirlwind, a h. o’ wind, a black h. N.I. (U.; Fe.). In Conn.: kwider [kwɩdər]; der’ cam’ a kw. The word is to be classed with Icel. hviðra, vb., to set in quick motion, No. kvidra, vb., to hurry to and fro. Cf. O.N. hviða, f., squall of wind.

hwider [hwɩdər], adv., in the phrase “hwikk [hwɩk] and h.”, suddenly and completely disappeared, lost. Uⁿ. From Wests. (St.) is reported: kwik [kwɩk] and kwider [kwɩdər]. Prob. to be classed with the preceding words, hwid, sb. and vb., hwider, sb. and vb., denoting quick or sudden movement. See hwikk, adv.

hwidet [hwɩdət], adj., looking around, turning in different ways, with queer tricks of manner; a h. fool. Nm., De., L. *hviðóttr. See hwid, sb. and vb.

hwiff [hwɩf, hwif] and hwiffi [hwɩfi], sb., a blow; push; box on the ear. Fe. See further kwiff and kuff, sbs.

hwiff [hwɩf], vb., to bustle about, see kwiff, vb.

hwɩg [hwɩg] and hwik [hwik], sb., a sudden turn of the head or body; he had a h. upon him; he ga’e [‘gave’] a h. Nm., Wh., Nmⁿ.: hwig. Wh. hwik. From Nm^w. (Nibon) is reported the form kwig [kwɩg]. *hvik? See the foll. word.

hwig [hwɩg], vb., to walk unsteadily, to make sudden jerks and turns when walking; to geng hwigin [hwɩgɩn] aboot. Nm. Reported from Nm^w. (Nibon) in the form kwig [kwɩg], to geng kwigin [kwɩgɩn] aboot. Prob. from the root “hvik”, which in O.N. denotes unsteady, wavering movement; cf. No. kvika, vb., to wriggle, to be restless, Icel. hvika, Sw. dial. hveka, O.Da. hvege, vb., to wriggle, waver. In Shetl. the word is used of more violent and sharper movements.

hwiga [hwɩga], sb., quickgrass, see kwiga, sb.

hwiggade-sura [hwɩg··adə· -sūra, -ᶊūra], sb., properly name of a troll (name of a witch), but later used partly as a term of mockery, partly jokingly in addressing, or referring to, a person; a auld h.-s., an old “troll”; oh, h.-s., what news wi’ dee de day [‘to-day’]? Fe. Uncertain compound, hwig- might poss. be classed with No. kvekkje, n., a bug-bear, from *hvekk-; see hwekk, sb. and vb. sura is poss. the same word as No. syra, f., a grinning and whimpering woman. Cf. Friggati-sura.

hwik, sb., see hwig, sb.

hwikk [hwɩk], adv., in the phrase “h. and hwider [hwɩdər]”, suddenly and completely disappeared, lost. Uⁿ. The word is prob. No. kvik (kveek, kvæk) = kvakk, adv., entirely; completely. Cf. No. kvekka (gvække), vb., inter alia to disappear suddenly (R., New Suppl.), from *hvekka, Shetl. hwekk. See hwider, adv.

hwikk, adj., see kwikk, adj.

hwikkins, sb. pl., see kwikkins, sb. pl.

hwikn, hwikken, vb., see kwikn, kwikken, vb.

hwil [hwi̇̄l] and hwild [*hwi̇̄ld; χwi̇̄ld, χwild], sb., repose, state of rest, now certainly only applied to lull in bad weather, (short) break in storm; he is a h. i’ de wadder [‘weather’]; dis [‘this’] is only a h. Nm. hwil: Nm^s. (Bardister). hwild χwi̇̄ld, χwild] and kwild [k‘wi̇̄ld, k‘wild]: Nm^w. Also hwildi [χwildi] and kwildi [k‘wildi]: Nm^w. occas. — O.N. hvíla, f., and esp. “hvíld”, f., a rest, repose (“hvíla” in O.N. esp. a bed, couch, but Da. hvile, Sw. hvila, No. kvila, Fær. kvíla, f., also = O.N. hvíld).

hwilk [hw^ei‘lk] and hwelk [hwæi‘lk, hwæ‘ᶅk, hwə‘lk], vb., 1) vb. n., to move smartly; to jump; gambol. 2) vb. a., to snatch; pull, etc.; — see further under kwilk¹, vb.

hwilsben, sb., see hwolsben.

hwims, sb. and vb., see hwems.

hwin [hwi̇̄n], sb., a piercing shriek; esp.: a) a loud neigh, whinny, de h. o’ a horse or foal; U. (Uⁿ.); b) the whining of a dog, de h. o’ a dog. Fo. O.N. hvinr, m., a whizzing, whistling sound.

hwin [hwi̇̄n, hwi̇̄^ən], vb., to shriek; esp.: a) to neigh loudly, whinny, de piri (little) foal hwins (is hwinin) for its midder [‘mother’]; de horse hwins upo (on) de foal; U. (Uⁿ.); b) to whine, applied to a dog; de dog hwins. Fo. O.N. hvína, vb., to give a whizzing sound.

†hwinder [hwɩndər] and †hwinek [hwɩnək], sb., a whacking or sharp blow; a crack, smack. Wests. (St.): kwinder [kwɩndər]. hwinek is reported from Nm^s. (Sullom) in sense of the final or decisive blow (on the forehead) in slaughtering a cow. O.N. hvinr, m., a whizzing or whistling sound, in Icel.: a crack; smack (B.H.); L.Sc. whinner, sb., a whizzing sound; a smart, resounding box (on the ear). Prop. the same word as hwin, sb.

hwini (stenihwini), sb., see kwini, sb.

hwink [hwɩ‘ŋk, hwe‘ŋk, hwə‘ŋk], sb., sudden movement in turning one’s head or body while looking sideways; he has mony [‘many’] a h. upon him. Mostly in pl.: hwinks, sudden movements and turns while glancing round, also occas. of abrupt mode of speaking or laughing, with grimaces, and with jerks of the head. See the foll. word.

hwink [hwɩ‘ŋk, hwe‘ŋk, hwə‘ŋk], vb., to move smartly in turning one’s head or body; to look sideways; to geng [‘go’] or sit hwinkin; to h. (sit hwinkin) aroond (Y^b.: hwɩ‘ŋk); — to turn on someone with dignified air (Uⁿ.: hwɩ‘ŋk), to h. aroond; — to geng hwinkin, to walk in a swaggering manner (S.Sh.: hwe‘ŋk, hwə‘ŋk). — to shrug one’s shoulders (Y^h.: hwə‘ŋk). — to look round with a smile or restrained laughter, to sit hwinkin [hwɩ‘ŋkɩn]. Fe. and Y. — to grin foolishly, making faces, and turning round with jerks of the head, to sit hwinkin. N.Roe, Nmⁿ. [hwe‘ŋk]. — Prob. an original *hvimka, deriv. of *hvim-, of quick, unsteady motion. See further under hwems, vb.

hwinsi [hwɩ‘nsi], sb., a pilferer, a nimble thief. Esh., Nm^w. — O.N. hvinnska f., petty theft, hvinnskr, adj., thievish, inclined to pilfer, Icel. hvinn, m., a thief. — hwinsi is doubtless an adjectival form (nimble in carrying out a theft).

hwipp [hwəp], sb., a whipper-snapper, one who is easy to master, a piri (little) h. o’ a ting. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). Prob. from *wipp with prefixed h; cf. the foll. word. — No. vipp, m., a nimble person. Cf. Da. vippe, vb., to throw lightly into the air, or to tip over, and “vip” in “spirrevip”, a whipper-snapper, No. vippa, vb., to fidget; bob up and down; to swing (Icel. vípurligur, adj., slender, small).

hwippek [hwɩpək, hwepək] and hwuppek [hwopək (hwɔpək)], sb., a short fishing-rod, see vippek, sb.

hwirel, hwirl, [hwɩrəl, hwerəl, hwərəl], sb., a twirl, a disk, esp.: 1) barley- or oat-cake, brøni, having a hole in the middle, for children to play with; also called hwirlibrøni [hwɩr··librøn·i] (Du.); = hwarl and hwarlibrøni, sbs. 2) hairs growing in a circle on the centre of the crown; the crown of the head, esp. the central point, de h. on de head, de h. o’ de croon [‘crown’], = hwarl 1. In this sense a more original form kwirfil (kwɩ‘rfɩl] is reported from Conn., de kw. o’ de croon, from *hwirfil. — O.N. hvirfill, m., a) a circle; ring; b) hairs growing in a circle on the centre of the crown; the crown of the head. — In other senses, such as tidal eddy, whirlwind, Shetl. hwirel, hwirl, has doubtless arisen from an original hvirfill, but has assimilated to Eng. whirl, sb.

hwirfil, sb., see hwirel, sb.

hwiriakses, sb. pl., see kwiriakses.

hwirlek [hwɩrlək, hwerlək, hwərlək], sb., something closely entangled or bundled together, a tangled knot. Deriv. of hwir(e)l, sb.

hwirlibrøni, sb., = hwirel, hwirl, sb. 1.

hwirm, vb., see hwerm², vb.

hwis [hwɩs (hwɩz), hwi̇̄s], vb., 1) to whisper, speak in a low voice; in this original sense noted down in Fo. in the form kwis [kwɩs]. 2) vb. a., to try in confidence (in low conversation) to extort secrets from a person, to h. a body [‘person’]. Uⁿ. [hwɩs (hwɩz)]; Y^h. [hwi̇̄s]. — *hvisa or kvisa. Sw. dial. hvisa, vb., to whisper; No. kvisa and “veesa”, vb., to whisper, to tattle in a low voice; O.N. kvisa, vb., to whisper, Icel. kvisa, vb., to whisper about something, to spread a false rumour. — The form “hwɩz” has prob. arisen through influence of Eng. whizz, vb., and poss. also of quiz, vb.

hwisl, hwisel [(hwɩsəl) hwesəl (hwəsəl)], sb., a strong (whistling) wind, a h. o’ wind. Also (Wests.) kwisl, kwisel [(kwɩsəl) kwesəl]. See hwisl, vb.

hwisl, hwisel [(hwɩsəl) hwesəl (hwəsəl)], vb., of wind: to begin to blow (stronger), increase in strength, rise, to h. op: he is hwislin op, it begins to blow, the wind is gradually increasing. Also kwisl, kwisel [(kwɩsel) kwesəl], to kw. op: Wests. — *hvisla. Sw. hvissla, Da. hvisle, vb., to whistle; No. kvisla, vb., to ripple swiftly; Icel. hvissa, vb., to rush; whistle. Cf. hwist², sb. and vb.

hwiss, sb. and vb., see kwiss, vb.

hwist¹, hwest, sb., see twest, sb.

hwist² [(hwɩst, hwest) hwəst], sb., whistling or sharp wind, draught; der’r a cauld [‘cold’] h. aboot de doors (the outer door). Fe. The word is derived from *hvis- and to be classed with hwisl. Cf. Icel. hviss, n., rush, whistle, and Sw. dial. hvisp, m., violent squall of wind.

hwist [hwɩst (hwest, hwəst)], vb., esp. of a sharp, drying wind or draught: to whistle; to blow; de wind ’ll h. t’rough it (Y^b.: hwɩst). Icel. hvissa, vb., to rush; whistle. See the preceding word, and cf. hwisl, vb.

hwisterester [hwɩs·təres·tər], sb., a crack; blow; box on the ear. Fe. Prob. for *hwister-hester, the second part of which then is O.N. hestr, m., = kinnhestr, m., box on the ear. For the first part of the compd. see hwist², sb., hwist, vb., and hwistikaster, sb.

hwistikaster [hwɩs··tikas·tər], sb., a crack; a sudden, violent blow or push. Fe. Doubtless gust of wind; see above hwist², sb. and hwist, vb.

hwitel, sb., see hwetel, sb.

hwitn, hwiten [hwɩtən, hwetən, hwətən], vb., to whiten, to become white or light-coloured; esp. of growing corn; de corn is hwittend [hwɩtənd] by sea or blast (Du.). O.N. hvítna, vb., to become white. — The form “hwäitən”, Eng. whiten, vb., has a more extended meaning and application in Shetl.

hwoli, sb., see hwelji, sb.

*hwols, sb., see *hols, sb.

hwolsben [hwȯ‘lsben, hwə‘lsben], sb., vertebra of the neck or occipital bone, reported in sense of: a) the foremost articulation of the neck of an animal, esp. a sheep; also hwolsaben [(hwȯ‘l··saben·) hwə‘l··saben·]. Lunn. b) with dropped initial h: wolsben [wȯ‘lsben], neck-bone in fish. Fo. *hálsbein; O.N. halsbein, n., vertebra of the neck, occipital bone. See *hols, sb.

hwom(b)l, vb., see hwuml, vb.

*hworm, vb., 1) vb. a., to turn; wind; twist. 2) vb. n., to turn, wind, twist oneself. Only reported in the form gworm [gwȯrm] from Sa. on Wests.; de eel was gwormd doon i’ de sand, the eel had wound itself down into the sand or lay coiled up, buried in the sand; de eel gwormd roond my finger, the eel twisted itself round my finger. — Doubtless either the same word as hwerm², hwirm (hwerv), vb., or closely cognate with this word, which is classed partly with O.N. hverfa, vb., to turn round, to rotate, partly with Da. dial. (Jut.) hvirme, vb., to whirl. With regard to the change hv > gw, Shetl. Norn has only this example. In certain Norw. dials. (in the south and east of Norway) a change hv > gv is found, and in some Sw. dials. a change hv > gw.

†hwuml, hwumel [hwoməl], vb., to turn upside down; to turn a hollow object bottom up, e.g. a vessel; bucket; a boat; to h. a boat. Also a) hwombl, hwombel [hwȯmbəl], hwumbl, hwumbel [hwombəl]: Uⁿ.; b) kuml, kumel [koməl]. — Prop. to arch, and developed from O.N. hvelfa, vb., used exactly in the same sense as the word in Mod. Shetl.; hvelfa skipi, báti. hwuml from *hwulm, *hwolm for *hwulv, *hwolv; the metathesis of l and m probably first took place in the past tense, and the past participle: hwumeld for *hwulmd. For the final m cf. e.g. hwerm², hwirm, vb. [O.N. hverfa], and for the vowel u (o) cf. hwupp from hwepp, vb., hwums from hwims. hwuml is also L.Sc.; Jam.: quhemle, whommel, whummil, vb., to turn upside down; but otherwise the word in Shetl. Norn is regularly developed from O.N. hvelfa. With the form kuml from *kulm, *kolm, cf. No. kolva, kolve, vb., = kvelva, to turn a. hollow object bottom up, etc.

hwumlins [hwomlɩns], hwumblins [hwomblɩns], sb. pl., small tidal branches (Yⁿ.); see further swim(b)lins, sb. pl. (under swiml, sb.).

hwumper [hwo‘mpər], sb., a low sound, a cursory remark, murmur; esp. negatively: no [‘not’] a h., not the least disturbing sound or remark, not a murmur; I never heard a h. — kwumper [kwo‘mpər]: Wests. (Fo.). — hwumper prob. for *humper, with dropped i-mutation, from *hympr, orig. *ympr. See the foll. word, and imper, sb. and vb.

hwumper [hwo‘mpər], vb., 1) vb. n., to produce a low sound, to make a slight remark, to murmur; esp. negatively: he did no [‘not’] h.; dø no [‘do not’] h.! never h.! kwumper [kwo‘mpər]: Wests. (Fo.). 2) vb. a., to hush, to cause to keep quiet; he hwumperd her (Yⁿ.). — hwumper prob. for *humper with dropped i-mutation from an older *hympra = *ympra; Icel. ympra, vb., to begin to mention, to touch upon (slightly). See imper, vb.

hwums [hwo‘ms], sb., bustle, quick or restless movement of the body; der’r a h. upon him, a) he is turning and twisting himself; b) he is passing quickly by without a greeting (L.); c) he is touchy or dissatisfied (prop. he makes quick, impatient movements). I saw de h. o’ him, I saw him as he passed by quickly or disappeared (Fe^w.). Wests. occas., Conn., etc.: kwums [kwo‘ms]. de kwums is on him, he is peevish and dissatisfied (Conn.). — *hvims. See hwems (hwims), sb.

hwums [hwo‘ms], vb., to bustle, to make quick and restless movements in turning andjumping about. Easts. and Du. kwums [kwo‘ms]: Wests., Nm^w. occas., De^w., C. to geng hwumsin aboot, to move quickly and restlessly about making turns and leaps. to kwums aboot, aroond, to turn suddenly in looking round (Conn.); what is du kwumsin aboot? he guid [‘went’] hwumsin by, he twisted himself about in passing by (N.Roe). — to h. by (past), to pass quickly by (without a greeting); he hwumst by or past me (L.). — to pass hastily out of sight; he hwumst ut o’ my sight (Fe^w.). — *hvimsa. See hwems (hwims), vb.

hwumset [hwo‘msət], hwumsket [hwo‘mskət], hwumst [hwo‘mst], adj., 1) making sudden, eccentric movements in turning the head or body; occas. also short-spoken, giving evasive answers. 2) not right in the head; bewildered; slightly mad; a h. body, a h. fool [føl]. The form hwumsket is reported from L.; elsewhere more comm. hwumset and esp. hwumst. Wests., Nm^w., De^w., Conn.: kwumst [kwo‘mst] and kwumset [kwo‘msət]; a kwumst fool. U.: hwumst and hwomst [hwɔ‘mst]. Fe^w.: hwums [hwo‘ms]; “like a h. ting”. — *hvims-. See hwemst (hwimst), adj. With the form hwumsket cf. esp. Sw. dial. hvimsk, adj., bewildered. A form kwums [kwo‘ms] from Uⁿ. (Norwick) is more prob. another word, as original hv is otherwise preserved as hw in Uⁿ.; see kims, kimset, adj.

hwupp, vb., see hwepp (hwipp), vb.

hwuppek [hwopək], sb., a short fishing-rod. hwoppek [hwɔpək] and hwippek [hwɩpək, hwepək]: U. See vippek, sb.

hø¹ [hø̄], sb., something sprouting weakly, checked and stunted in growth, esp. 1) downy hair, downy beard; also thin hair growing sparsely on the head, a t’in hø o’ hair on de head (Y^b.); N.I. 2) thin, sparse corn in the field; (a “korn” o’) t’in hø; tøm (empty) hø; (naet’in’ [‘nothing’] but) a hø upo de eart’. N.I. — O.N. hý, n., thin hair, down, in No. (hy) also short grass; Fær. hýggj (hý-), n., mould, fust. hø 2 might, however, also suggest O.N. høy, n., hay, used comparatively of corn which grows badly. Both ý and øy develop into ø in Shetl. Norn.

*hø² [hø̄], sb., hay, reported by G.G. in the expr. “eker and hø”, corn (field) and hay. Du. O.N. høy (Icel. hey), n., hay. See a) eker and aker, sbs.; b) høstakk, sb.

høbet [hø̄bət (høbət)] and høbi [hø̄bi], adj., applied to liquid, drink: 1) cohesive; substantial; full-bodied, e.g. of rich milk; strong beer; hit [‘it’] is t’ick and høbi i’ de mooth. U^{m., n.} (høbi). 2) a) slimy; nauseating; often of something lukewarm and nauseating, e.g. saad (thin broth) in which shell-fish (limpets) have been warmed, also of tea not well-drawn, or tea made with brackish water (see below, meaning c). Nm. and Ai. [hø̄bət]. Sa. [hø̄bət, høbət]; b) having a disagreeable, stale taste, of liquid kept too long. U.: høbi and høvi [hø̄vi], h.-tasted; c) brackish in taste. Nm.: høbet [hø̄bət]. Y^h.: høbi; d) rancid; sour; h. milk. Wests. (Fo. and Sa.): høbet [hø̄bət]. In Fo. also with dropped h: øbet [ø̄bət]. — Prob. root-form: *hœpinn. Cf., with regard to høbi 1, Fær. høpin, adj., a) somewhat stout (in good condition); b) cohesive, and with regard to høbet, høbi in sense of slimy; nauseating; brackish, cf. Icel. hæpinn, adj., slippery; uncertain (B.H.).

høbiter, sb., see hobiter, sb.

hød¹ [hø̄d], vb., to hint at something, esp. to throw out hints, esp. in order in a sly way to gain an object, to h. aboot or at a t’ing; he cam’ hødin aboot it; he keepet [‘kept’] hødin at me. Sa. Prob. an original “hœta” and syn. with No. høta, høtta, hytta, vb., to lift the hand, to reach out for something (R. under “hytta”), to threaten (Aa.), O.N. hœta, vb., to threaten (prop. to lift the hand). Cf. the verbs hud, hut and hød².

hød² [hø̄d], vb., to subdue; ill-treat; bully; to h. a body [‘person’], to h. ane [‘one’] aboot, f(r)ae ae place to de tidder (from one place to another); — to chase away, to h. de animals f(r)ae de dykes (the fences). Sometimes in a special sense: to treat like a thief. N.I. The word is prob. O.N. hœta, vb., to threaten, = hóta. Cf. hut, vb.

hødek¹ and høder, sb., tabu-name for hoggi- or huggistaf, a gaff; see further hudek, sb.

hødek² [hødək, hø̄dək], hødi [hødi, hø̄di], hødin [hødin], sb., overhand-knot made on a rope or line enclosing the injured part of it, esp. on a fishing-line or a cow’s tether. hødek: Du. hødi, hødin: C. (and Sw.). Cf. poss. No. hutt, hytt, m., in sense of rounded top; in that case the word is orig. syn. with hødek¹; see hudek and hutrikin, sbs. — Another hødin [hødin] (Du.), in sense of: a piece of hide joining together the handle and the swipple of a flail, is, on the other hand, L.Sc. hooding, sb.

høgert [hø̄gərt, -ərd, høgərd], adj., bent, stooping, with raised shoulders; a h. body [‘person’]. Wests. (Sa.; Ai.). — Substantially, høgert [høgərd] is found in sense of a bent, stooping person with raised shoulders (Sa.). — Deriv. of hyk- or høk-; cf. No. hykja, vb., to bend oneself, to crouch, and høk, m., sharp bend, angle. The derivative ending may be compared with No. hukra, vb., to shrink from cold.

høl [høl] and hølin [hølin], sb., a covering, esp. 1) enclosing membrane (Uⁿ.), now esp. in phrases, such as: “My (his, etc.) heart is ut o’ høl”, my (his, etc.) heart is out of its membrane, i. e. I am not quite myself, out of sorts, in low spirits, anxious, etc.; hit [‘it’] drave [‘drove’] my heart ut o’ høl, it made me depressed, anxious, etc. 2) in a special sense: husk on corn; comm. in pl.: høls and hølins, husks. The latter form (hølin) is reported from Uⁿ. together with a parallel form huljin [huᶅɩn], comm. in pl.: huljins. — From the root “hul-” in O.N. hylja, vb., to hide; cover; disguise; Icel. hylja and hyla, f., a covering. With høl (hølin) 2 cf. L.Sc. hule, sb., husk, and Eng. hull, sb., by which the Shetl. word doubtless has been influenced with regard to the meaning. The vowel-sounds ø and u (phonetic u) in høl(in) and huljin indicate the Norn origin of the word.

høli [høli, hø̄li], vb., in the expr. “to h. anesell [‘oneself’]”, to compose oneself, to take it easy; h. dee! h. deesell! Conn. (Fladab.). Is prop. the adjectival form høli, used as a verb to replace an older, lost *hø(g). O.N. hœgja, vb., to relieve; abate; make easy.

høli [høli, hø̄li, hø̄^əli], adj., 1) leisurely; comfortable. Fairly comm. 2) sad; depressed; uneasy; h.-lookin’, sad-looking. Nm. [hø̄li, hø̄^əli]. — With høli 1 cf. O.N. hœgligr, adj., convenient; leisurely; easy, No. høgleg, adj., easy; comfortable, L.Sc. huly, hoolie, adj., moderate; slow. høli 2 is doubtless the same word, with root-meaning meek; cf. O.N. hœgsamr, adj., meek; quiet-mannered (= hógsamr, hóglyndr, hógværr).

høli [høli, hø̄li, hø̄^əli] and høleli [hø̄··ləli·, hø̄^ə··ləli·], adv., leisurely; slowly; to geng [‘go’] h. høli (høleli)! comm. as a sea-term in pulling a boat: pull slowly! høleli: Y. and Fe. Elsewhere more comm.: høli. Phrase: høli be wi’ dee! take it quietly, peace be with you! — O.N. hœgliga, adv., quietly; gently; conveniently; L.Sc. huly, adv., slowly.

høm [høm], sb., = hømin, sb., to tak’ de h. = to høm. Fe.

høm [hø̄m, høm], vb., to darken; to grow dusk; to become evening; he is hømin (beginnin’ to høm), it grows dusk (it begins to grow dusk), twilight is coming on. comm. Mostly with short vowel-sound; in a few places, such as in Fo., with long ø. From De. is reported a form without i-mutation: hum [hôm, with short vowel-sound]; he is humin. — *hýma, vb., from O.N. húm, n., twilight; No. hyma, vb., to grow dark, to become evening; O.N. húma, vb., to grow dusk.

hømin [hømin, homɩn (hø̄min)], sb., evening twilight, esp. of the early twilight, opp. to mirknin, which is the close of the twilight. — In De. without i-mutation: humin [hômin, with short ô]. — *hýming, f., from O.N. húm, n., twilight; No. hyming, f., twilight.

hømska, sb., = humska¹ and hømin, sbs.; see under humska.

hømsket, adj., see humsket, adj.

høn, sb., see hun, sb.

hörd, sb., see hord¹, sb.

hesapann, -pan [høᶊ··apan·] and høsapall [høᶊ··apäᶅ·], sb., the skull; (jokingly or mockingly) the head. N.I. The form with pall is peculiar to Unst. Other forms, likewise reported from N.I., are: hosapann [hȯᶊ··apan·: Yⁿ.] and hosapall, -pell [hos··apäᶅ·, hoᶊ··apä·ᶅ·: Uⁿ. occas; hoᶊ··apel·: U^mo.]. Edm.: hoosapaail. — The first part of the compd. is O.N. hauss, m., the skull, cranium. The second part, pann, is either Northern (No., Sw.) panna, f., Da. pande, c., the forehead, or more prob. Eng. pan, sb., in sense of brain-pan, skull. pall (pell), unless a corruption of pann, might be O.N. pallr, m., in sense of the raised floor in the upper end of an ancient hall. — In place-names O.N. “hauss” denotes hill-top, summit of a rock, from which comes Shetl. “de Høs [høs]” as the name of a rounded, rocky point in Sa. (Wests.).

høset [hø̄sət, høsət], adj., of colour: dirty-grey; light-grey with dirty shade. Fo. [hø̄sət] and U. [høsət]. øset [ø̄sət]: Fo. occas. No. hysjutt (hyskjutt?), adj., stained in various shades of the same colour; faded in patches (R.), and “hyskjutt (huskutt)”, adj., grizzled, of hair (Aa.). See iset and isket, adjs.

høsj, høss, sb. and vb., see hoss, hosj, sb. and vb.

†høslek [høslək], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for a) a hut, straw-thatched house (Yⁿ.); b) bød: fisherman’s booth, one of a cluster of booths in which fishing-tackle was kept, when in former times deep-sea fishing was carried on in common in open boats (Uⁿ.). — Prob. a small house; -lek, diminutive ending. Prob. a loan-word from L.Germ. (Germ. häuslein, n., a small house).

høstakk [(høstak) høstək], sb., a corpulent woman; a big, clumsy person (woman). Also hostakk [hȯstək] and hustakk [hūstak]; the latter form reported from Uⁿ. Prop. the word haystack, O.N. høystakkr (heystakkr), m., applied metaphorically; cf. sodi², sodek with the same transition in meaning. haystack is now in Shetl. commonly called “cole” or “coll” (L.Sc.).

høstani, sb , see hostan(i), sb.

høv¹ [hø̄v], sb., 1) the hindmost part of a woman’s cap, shaped like a horse’s hoof, opp. to the so-called “muckle croon” (great “crown” or back of the cap); “would du like a muckle croon or would du like a høv”? Also høvi [hø̄vi]. Wests. (Sa.). Such a cap (mutch, cap) consisted of three pieces: a) the forepart, the ruffled brim, called “de border”; b) de kell: the middle piece, formed like a bandage; c) the back of the cap (ruffled), called “de croon”. The cap was tied with a band, under the chin. 2) in the compd. “horsehøv” (Fe.), marsh-marigold, prop. the leaf of this plant, = blokk(a), blogga, which is more common outside Fe. — O.N. hófr, m., hoof, horse’s hoof. With høv 2 cf. a) No. hov, m., a hoof, used of the leaves of the plants marigold (hovblom, hovsoleia) and coltsfoot, tussilago (hovblekkja), as well as b) Icel. hófblaðka, f., marigold. The final v in Shetl. høv shows the word to be Norn and not directly derived from Eng. hoof, sb., which now in Shetl. [høf] denotes hoof in proper sense. ø, however, is not regularly developed from ó; one would have expected *huv. With regard to the vowel-sound, cf. e.g. flør [flø̄r] from Eng. floor, sb.

høv² [hø̄v], høvi [hø̄vi], sb., remaining stubble on a mown grass-field (Uⁿ.); see hov, sb.

høv [hø̄v], vb., 1) vb. a.: a) to raise, lift; to cause to rise, e.g. of the wind, causing rough sea; b) to throw, fling. 2) vb. n., to rise; heave; swell; of the sea: to rise; become agitated; to h. op. — Reflexive: to h. anesell (op), to rise, lift, e.g. of the wind going in a northerly direction; “he is høvin him [himself] op to de nor’wast” (N.Roe); also of the sea: to become agitated; he is høvin him op. — Comparison may be made, partly with No. “høva (“høve”), høvja, hyva”, as parallel forms to “hevja (O.N. hefja)”, vb., a) to raise, lift; b) to throw, fling; partly with L.Sc. huve up, vb., to lift up, and hove, vb., to swell, inflate.

høvi [hø̄vi, høvi], sb., 1) a plaited basket. 2) a bow-net; see further hovi, sb.

høvi-brigg [høv··ibrɩg·], sb., a bridge, across a burn, to which a høvi (a net to catch trout in) is fastened. Y^h.

 

1. Original: hōb was amended to hô̄b: detail