Ancient History (Myers)
by Philip Van Ness Myers
by Philip Van Ness Myers
List of Illustrations
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
After photographs, and from cuts taken from Baumeister's Denkmaeler des klassischien Altertums, Oscar Jaeger's Weltgeschichte, Schreiber's Atlas of Classical Antiquities, and other reliable sources. FIG. PAGE 1. The Earliest Implements of Paleolithic Type................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 2. Engraving of a Reindeer................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 3. Engraving of a Mammoth on the Fragment of a Tusk................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 4. A Prehistoric Egyptian Tomb................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 5. Primitive Methods of making Fire................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7 6. Indian Picture Writing................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................10 7. Negro Captives................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................15 8. Egyptian Scene................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................20 9. Plowing and Sowing in Ancient Egypt................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................21 10. Reaping the Grain in Ancient Egypt................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................21 11. Ivory Statuette of a King of the First Dynasty................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................23 12. A Detail of the Great Pyramid................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................24 13. Khufu, Builder of the Great Pyramid................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................25 14. The "Sheikh-el-Beled"................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................26 15. Tell el Amarna Letter................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................28 16. Phalanx of the Khita................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................29 17. Rameses II charging the Foe................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................30 18. Brick-Making in Ancient Egypt................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................31 19. Forms of Egyptian Writing................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................33 20. The Rosetta Stone................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................34 21. Two Royal Names in Hieroglyphics................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................35 22. Mummy of a Sacred Bull................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................36 23. Profile of Rameses II................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................38 24. Mummy Case with Mummy................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................39 25. "Servant for the Underworld"................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................40 26. The Judgment of the Dead................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................41 27. An Egyptian Obelisk................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................42 28. Tubular Drill Hole................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................42 29. A Scarab Amulet................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................43 30. Philæ, the "Pearl of Egypt"................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................45 31. The Babil Mound at Babylon as it appeared in 1811................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................46 32. Ancient Babylonian Canals................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................47 33. Door Socket of Sargon I................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................49 34. Impression of a Seal of Sargon I................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................50 35. Excavation at the Temple of Bel at Nippur................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................52 36. Arch discovered at Nippur................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................53 37. Cuneiform Writing................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................53 38. Table showing the Development of the Cuneiform Writing................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................54 39. Contract Tablet................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................55 40. Writing Exercise Tablets of a Child................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................58 41. Hammurabi receiving the Code from the Sun-god................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................59 42. An Assyrian Winged Bull................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................62 43. Restoration of Sargon's Palace at Khorsabad................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................64 44. An Assyrian King (? Sennacherib)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................65 45. Restoration of a Court in Sargon's Palace at Khorsabad................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................67 46. Emblem of Assyrian Deity................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................68 47. Transport of a Winged Bull................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................68 48. Assyrians flaying Prisoners alive................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................69 49. Lion Hunt................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................70 50. A Wounded Lioness................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................71 51. The Jewish Place of Wailing................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................77 52. Species of the Murex................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................83 53. Phoenician Galley................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................84 54. Phoenician Alphabet and Cuneiform Characters................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................86 55. Croesus on the Pyre................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................90 56. The Tomb of Cyrus at Pasargadæ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................90 57. Insurgent Captives brought before Darius................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................91 58. The Behistun Rock................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................92 59. Royal Persian Tombs near Persepolis................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................93 60. The King in Combat with a Monster................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................95 61. The Ruins of Persepolis................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................96 62. Chinese Characters................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................103 63. The Lions' Gate at Mycenæ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................108 64. The Plain of Olympia................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................109 65. Combat between Achilles and Hector................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................115 66. Battle between Greeks and Amazons................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................117 67. Battle at the Ships between the Greeks and Trojans................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................119 68. Hissarlik, the Probable Site of Ancient Troy................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................120 69. Grave Circle at Mycenæ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................121 70. Inlaid Sword Blades found at Mycenæ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................121 71. Gallery in the South Wall at Tiryns................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................125 72. Fifty Oared Greek Boat................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................126 73. Group of Greek Gods and Goddesses................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................131 74. The Carrying off of Persephone by Hades to the Underworld................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................131 75. Apollo................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................133 76. Greek Runners................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................136 77. Sparta, with the Ranges of the Taÿgetus in the Background................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................142 78. Ruined Temples at Pæstum................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................158 79. Coin of Cyrene................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................159 80. Coin of Corinth................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................160 81. Athens................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................168 82. The Athenian Tyrannicides, Harmodius and Aristogiton................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................174 83. Greek Warriors preparing for Battle................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................183 84. Hoplite, or Heavy-Armed Greek Warrior................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................198 85. Pericles................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................210 86. The Bema, or Orator's Stand, on the Pnyx Hill, Athens................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................211 87. The Caryatid Porch of the Erechtheum................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................215 88. The so-called Theseum at Athens................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................216 89. Alcibiades................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................231 90. Coin of Syracuse................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................264 91. Demosthenes................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................268 92. Alexander the Great................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................274 93. The so-called "Sarcophagus of Alexander"................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................284 94. The Dying Gaul................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................288 95. Coin of Athens................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................293 96. Orders of Greek Architecture................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................295 97. The Parthenon................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................298 98. The Theater of Dionysus at Athens................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................299 99. The Wrestlers................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................301 100. Stele of Aristion................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................302 101. The Discobolus................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................302 102. Athenian Youth in Procession................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................303 103. Athena Parthenos................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................304 104. Head of the Olympian Zeus by Phidias................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................305 105. Nike or Victory of Paeonius................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................305 106. Hermes with the Infant Dionysus................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................306 107. The Nike of Samothrace................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................307 108. The Laocoon................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................308 109. Aphrodite of Melos................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................308 110. Portrait in Wax Paint................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................309 111. Homer................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................313 112. Bacchic Procession................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................316 113. Sophocles................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................318 114. Euripides................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................319 115. Herodotus................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................321 116. Thucydides................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................322 117. Socrates................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................331 118. Plato................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................332 119. Aristotle................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................333 120. A Greek School................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................340 121. A Banquet Scene (Greek)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................345 122. Wall Painting of an Etruscan Banquet................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................353 123. Head of Janus................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................363 124. Divining by Means of a Sacrificial Victim................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................364 125. The Bronze Wolf of the Capitol................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................367 126. The Site of Tibur, the Modern Tivoli................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................368 127. An Ancient Roman Coin bearing the Prow of a Ship................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................370 128. The Cloaca Maxima................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................372 129. "View of the Capitoline, with the Cloaca Maxima................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................373 130. Roman Soldier................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................374 131. Lictors with Fasces................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................378 132. The Appian Way................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................397 133. Grotto of Posilipo................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................403 134. Prow of a Roman War Ship................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................408 135. The Column of Duillius................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................409 136. Augur's Birds................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................411 137. Hannibal................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................419 138. Publius Cornelius Scipio................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................426 139. Roman Battle Ship................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................428 140. Coin of the Italian Confederacy................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................450 141. Mithradates the Great................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................452 142. Marius................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................455 143. Roman Trading Vessel................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................463 144. Pompey the Great................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................466 145. Julius Cæsar................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................475 146. Mark Antony................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................476 147. The Recently Found Base of Cæsar's Column................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................477 148. Octavius as a Youth................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................478 149. Cicero................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................479 150. Augustus................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................485 151. Maecenas................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................489 152. Vespasian................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................499 153. Judaea Capta................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................500 154. Triumphal Procession from the Arch of Titus................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................500 155. A Street in Pompeii................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................501 156. House of the Vetti at Pompeii................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................502 157. Trajan................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................504 158. Bridge over the Danube, built by Trajan................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................505 159. Trajan's Column................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................506 160. The Hadrian Wall................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................507 161. Hadrian................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................508 162. Besieging a Dacian City................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................509 163. Roman Aqueduct near Nimes, France................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................511 164. Commodus................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................514 165. Caracalla................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................517 166. Triumph of Sapor over Valerian................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................518 167. Diocletian................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................520 168. Christ as the Good Shepherd................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................523 169. The Labarum................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................524 170. Arch of Constantine at Rome, as it appears To-day................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................525 171. The Pantheon................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................549 172. The Roman Forum in 1885................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................550 173. The Circus Maximus................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................551 174. Ruins of Theater at Aspendos................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................551 175. Colosseum................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................552 176. The Claudian Aqueduct................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................553 177. Mausoleum of Hadrian................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................554 178. Seneca................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................559 179. Gladiators................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................566 180. Semicircular Dining Couch................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................567 181. Roman Lamentation for the Dead................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................570 182. Tomb of Theodoric at Ravenna................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................572 183. The Caaba at Mecca................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................595 184. Charlemagne................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................605