Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Gándara y Navarro, José de la

GÁNDARA Y NAVARRO, José de la (gan'-da-ra-e-nav-ar'-ro), Spanish soldier, born in Bilbao, 15 October 1820. He entered the military College as a cadet in 1832, joined the army in 1834 as sublieutenant, and served in the campaign against the Carlists till 1839, participating in all the battles. Afterward he served with distinction in the colonies, and, after reaching the rank of brigadier, was appointed, in 1857, governor of the islands of Fernando Poo and Annobon y Corisco. In 1862 he became major general, and in November of that year was made military governor and commander-in-chief of the province of Santiago de Cuba. The insurrection against the Spanish domination of Santo Domingo, which had been annexed in 1861, began in the department of Cibao in February, 1863; the troops were soon driven into the coast-towns, and the interior cities wrested from them. Gandara, without waiting for orders from the home-government, despatched re-enforcements to his comrades by the frigate " Isabel II.," then in port. He afterward received orders to march with all the forces at his command to the assistance of the commander-in-chief. He landed in Puerto Plata, 17 September 1863, driving the insurgent forces back, and afterward occupied the City of Santo Domingo and San Cristobal, the latter after a series of bloody engagements with the enemy, in 1864 he was promoted to lieutenant-general and appointed captain-general and commander-in-chief of the island, and in that year won the battle of Montecristi. The provisional government now began peace negotiations, which, however, led to no favorable issue. Meanwhile the home government resolved to abandon the struggle, and in May, 1865, Gandara, with his troops, evacuated the island. He subsequently received the appointment of governor-general of the Philippine islands, and, after the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy, was military chief of the king's household, and captain-general of Castile. He published " Historia de la Anexion y Guerra de Santo Domingo."