Constitution of the United States of Brazil (1946)/Title 1
Chapter I ― Preliminary Provisions
editArticle 1
editThe United States of Brazil maintain, under the representative system, the Federation and the Republic [sic]. All power emanates from the people and shall be exercised in its name.
§ 1
editThe Union includes, in addition to the states, the federal District and the Territories.
§ 2
editThe Federal District is the capita of the Union.
Article 2
editThe States may merge with one another, sub-divide or partition in order to annex themselves to others or form new States, by vote of the respective legislative assemblies, plebiscite of the populations directly concerned and approval of the National Congress.
Article 3
editArticle 4
editArticle 5
editArticle 6
editArticle 7
editArticle 8
editArticle 9
editArticle 10
editArticle 11
editArticle 12
editArticle 13
editArticle 14
editArticle 15
editArticle 16
editArticle 17
editArticle 18
editArticle 19
editArticle 20
editArticle 21
editArticle 22
editArticle 23
editArticle 24
editArticle 25
editArticle 26
editArticle 27
editArticle 28
editArticle 29
editArticle 30
editArticle 31
editArticle 32
editArticle 33
editArticle 34
editArticle 35
editArticle 36
editChapter II ― Legislative Power
editSection I ― Preliminary Provisions
editSection II ― Chamber of Deputies
editArticle 56
editThe Chamber of Deputies is composed of representatives of the people, elected according to the system of proportional representation by the States, by the Federal District and by the Territories.
Article 57
editEach legislature shall last four years
Article 58
editThe number of deputies shall be fixed by law in a proportion not to exceed one for each hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants, and beyond limit for two hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants.
§ 1
editEach Territory shall have one deputy and seven deputies shall be the minimum number for each State and for the Federal District.
§ 2
editThe representation already fixed may not be reduced.
Article 59
editThe Chamber of Deputies shall have exclusive power:
I.
editTo declare founded or unfounded, by vote of an absolute majority of its members, accusations against the President of the Republic under the terms of Article 88, and against the ministers of State in crimes connected with those of the President of the Republic;
II.
editTo take the initiative in demanding accounts from the President of the Republic by designation of a special committee, when they are not presented to the National Congress within sixty days after the opening of the legislative session.
Section III ― Senate
editArticle 60
editThe Federal Senate is composed of representatives of the States and of the Federal District, elected according to the majority principle.
§ 1
editEach State, as well as the Federal District shall elect three senators.
§ 2
editThe senatorial mandate shall be for eight years.
§ 3
editThe representation of each State and of the Federal District shall be renewed every four years, alternately, one-third and two-thirds at a time.
§ 4
editThe senator's alternate elected with him shall replace or succeed him under the terms of Article 52.
Article 61
editThe Vice President of the Republic shall exercise the functions of president of the Federal Senate where he shall only have the deciding vote.
Article 62
editThe Federal Senate shall have exclusive power:
I.
editTo judge the President of the Republic in respect to crimes for which he is responsible and the Ministers of State who may be involved, along with the former, in crimes of the same nature.
II.
editTo prosecute and judge the Ministers of the Federal Supreme Court and the Attorney General of the Republic, in respect of crimes for which they are responsible.
§ 1
editWhen functioning as a Tribunal of Justice, the Federal Senate shall be presided over by the President of the Federal Supreme Court.
§ 2
editThe Federal Senate shall only pronounce condemnatory sentence by the vote of two-thirds of its members.
§ 3
editThe Federal Senate may not impose any penalties other than loss of office and prohibition against the exercise of another without prejudice to the action of ordinary justice.
Article 63
editThe Federal Senate shall likewise have exclusive power:
I.
editTo approve, by secret vote, the appointment of magistrates in the cases established by the Constitution, and likewise the appointment of the Attorney General of the Republic, of the Minister of the Tribunal of Accounts, of the Mayor of the Federal District, of the members of the National Economic Council and of the chiefs of diplomatic mission of permanent character.
II.
editTo authorise foreign loans of States, of the Federal District and of the Municipalities.
Article 64
editIt shall be incumbent upon the Federal Senate to suspend the execution, wholly or in part, of any law or decree declared unconstitutional by final decision of the Federal Supreme Court.