- Infant, in law.
- Infanticide.
- Infantry, of British Army (See Army).
- Infinitesimal Calculus.
- Influenza, disease.
- Information, in law.
- Infusoria, or Protozoa (q.v.).
- Ingelheim, Ober- and Nieder-, towns, Germany.
- Ingemann, Berhard Severin, Danish poet and novelist.
- Ingolstadt, town, Bavaria.
- Ingres, Jean Auguste Dominique, French painter.
- Ingulphus, or Ingulf, English abbot.
- Inheritance, in law.
- Injunction, in law.
- Ink.
- Inlaying, method of ornamentation.
- Innkeepers, Law relating to.
- Innocent I., pope.
- Innocent II., pope.
- Innocent III., pope.
- Innocent IV., pope.
- Innocent V., pope.
- Innocent VI., pope.
- Innocent VII., pope.
- Innocent VIII., pope.
- Innocent IX., pope.
- Innocent X., pope.
- Innocent XI., pope.
- Innocent XII., pope.
- Innocent XIII., pope.
- Innsbruck, or Innspruck, town, Tyrol, Austria.
- Inns of Court, English legal societies.
- Inoculation, of smallpox (q.v.).
- Inowrazlaw, town, Prussia.
- Inquest, coroner's (See Coroner).
- Inquition, of Roman Catholic Church.
- Insanity.
- Inscriptions, Ancient.
- Insectivorous Plants.
- Insects.
- Inspiration, Theological doctrine of.
- Insterburg, town, Prussia.
- Instinct.
- Institute of France.
- Insurance.
- Interdict, Papal.
- Interdict, in Scots law.
- Interdiction, in Scots law.
- Interest, in law.
- Interlaken, or Interlachen, town, Switzerland.
- International, working men's association.
- International Law.
- Interpleader, in English law.
- Intestacy, in law.
- Inveraray, town, Scotland.
- Inverness, county & town, Scotland.
- Investiture, in feudal law.
- Io, in Greek mythology.
- Iodine, chemical element.
- Ion, of Chios, Greek poet.
- Iona, or Icolmkill, island, Scotland.
- Ionia, district, Asia Minor.
- Ionian Islands, Greece.
- Iowa, State, U.S.A.
- Iowa City, town, Iowa, U.S.A.
- Ipecacuanha, plant and drug.
- Ipek, town, Albania, Turkey.
- Iphicrates, Athenian general.
- Iphigeneia, of Greek legend.
- Ipswich, town, England.
- Ipswich, town, Queensland, Australia.
- Iquique, town, South America.
- Irak Adjemi, province, Persia.
- Irak Arabi, district, Syria.
- Irawadi, or Irrawaddy, river, Burmah.
- Ireland.
- Ireland, Samuel, English writer.
- Ireland, Samuel William Henry, Shakespearean forger.
- Irenæus, bishop of Lyons.
- Irene, empress of the East.
- Ireton, Henry, Parliamentary general.
- Iriarte, or Yriarte, Tomas de, Spanish poet.
- Iridium, chemical element.
- Iris, in Greek mythology & plant.
- Irish Moss, or Carrageen, sea-weed.
- Irkutsk, government & town, Asiatic Russia.
- Irnerius, Italian jurist.
- Iron, metal.
- Iron, Therapeutic uses of.
- Iron Mask, Man in the.
- Ironton, town, Ohio, U.S.A.
- Iron-Wood, timber.
- Irrawaddy (Irawadi, q.v.), river, Burmah.
- Irrigation.
- Irun, town, Spain.
- Irvine, town, Scotland.
- Irving, Edward, Scottish theologian and preacher.
- Irving, Washington, American writer.
- Isaac, of Scripture.
- Isaac I., Comnenus, Byzantine emperor.
- Isaac II., Angelus, Byzantine emperor.
- Isabella, the Catholic, queen of Castile.
- Isabey, Jean Baptiste, French painter.
- Isæus, Attic orator.
- Isaiah, Old Testament prophet.
- Isauria, district, Asia Minor.
- Ischia, island, Italy.
- Ischl, spa, Austria.
- Iseghem, town, Belgium.
- Isère, department, France.
- Iserlohn, town, Prussia.
- Isernia, town, Italy.
- Ishmael, of Scripture.
- Ishpeming, town, Michigan, U.S.A.
- Isidorus Hispalensis, or Isidore of Seville, Spanish mediæval writer.
- Isinglass, or Fish Glue (See Gelatin).
- Iskelib, or Eskilup, town, Asiatic Turkey.
- Isla, José Francisco de, Spanish satirist.
- Islamabad, town, Punjab, India.
- Islay, island, Scotland.
- Ismail, town, Roumania.
- Ismailia, town, on Suez Canal, Egypt.
- Ismailia, or Gondokoro, town, Upper Egypt.
- Ismid, Iskimid, or Isnikmid, town, Asiatic Turkey.
- Isnik, town, Asiatic Turkey (See Nicæa).
- Isocrates, Attic orator.
- Isomerism, in chemistry (q.v.).
- Isothermal Lines, in meteorology (q.v.).
- Ispahan, or Isfahan, town, Persia.
- Israel, People of, their history.
- Issachar, of Scripture.
- Issik-Kul, lake, Central Asia.
- Issoire, town, France.
- Issoudun, town, France.
- Istalif, town, Afghanistan (q.v.).
- Isthmian Games.
- Istib, or Ishtib, town, European Turkey.
- Istria, district, Austria.
- Italy.
- Ithaca, island, Greece.
- Ithaca, town, New York, U.S.A.
- Itinerarium, Roman road-book.
- Itius Portus, Cæsar’s point of embarkation for Britain.
- Iturbide, or Yturbide, Augustin de, emperor of Mexico.
- Itzehoe, town, Holstein, Germany.
- Ivan I., grand-duke of Moscow.
- Ivan II., of Moscow.
- Ivan III., the Great, of Moscow.
- Ivan IV., the Terrible, first czar of Russia.
- Ivan V., of Russia.
- Ivan VI., of Russia.
- Ivanovo, or Ivanovo-Voznesensk, town, Russia.
- Ivory.
- Ivory, Vegetable.
- Ivory, James, Scottish mathematician.
- Ivory Coast, West Africa.
- Ivrea, town, Italy.
- Ivry-sur-Seine, town, France.
- Ivy, plant.
- Ixion, in Greek legend.
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- J, the tenth letter of the alphabet.
- Jabalpur, or Jubbulpore, district & town, Central India.
- Jabiru, bird.
- Jaborandi, plant and drug.
- Jaca, town, Spain.
- Jacamar, bird.
- Jacana, bird.
- Jacinth, or Hyacinth, gem.
- Jackal, carnivorous mammal.
- Jackdaw, bird.
- Jackson, town, Michigan, U.S.A.
- Jackson, town, Mississippi, U.S.A.
- Jackson, town, Tennessee, U.S.A.
- Jackson, Andrew, president of the United States.
- Jackson, Thomas Jonathan (Stonewall Jackson), American Confederate general.
- Jackson, William, English musician.
- Jacksonville, town, Florida, U.S.A.
- Jacksonville, town, Illinois, U.S.A.
- Jacob, Hebrew patriarch.
- Jacobabad, town, India.
- Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich, German philosopher.
- Jacobi, Karl Gustav Jacob, German mathematician.
- Jacobite Church, or Jacobites.
- Jacobs, Christian Friedrich Wilhelm, German scholar.
- Jacotot, Joseph, French educationalist.
- Jacquard, Joseph Marie, inventor of silk-weaving loom.
- Jade, precious stone.
- Jaen, province and town, Spain.
- Jaffa (Joppa, q.v.), town, Palestine.
- Jaffna, or Jaffnapatam, town, Ceylon.
- Jagadhri, town, India.
- Jaguar, carnivorous mammal.
- Jahanabad, town, India.
- Jahn, Johann, German Orientalist and Biblical critic.
- Jahn, Otto, German philologist and art critic.
- Jains, Indian sect.
- Jaintia Hills, district, Assam, India.
- Jáipur (Jeypore, q.v.), state, India.
- Jaismalmir, Rajput state, India.
- Jajpur, or Jajpore, town, India.
- Jakob, Ludwig Heinrich von, German political economist.
- Jalalabad, town, Afghanistan (q.v.).
- Jalandhar, or Jullundur, district & town, India.
- Jalap, drug.
- Jalapa, or Xalapa, town, Mexico.
- Jalaun, district & town, India.
- Jalna, or Jaulna, town, India.
- Jalpaiguri, or Julpigoree, district and town, India.
- Jam, conserve of fruit (See Jams and Jellies).
- Jamaica, island, West Indies.
- James, the Lord’s brother, son of Alphæus, and son of Zebedee.
- James, General Epistle of.
- James I., king of Scotland.
- James II., of Scotland.
- James III., of Scotland.
- James IV., of Scotland.
- James V., of Scotland.
- James I., king of England.
- James II., of England.
- James Frederick Edward Stuart (The Pretender).
- James, George Payne Rainsford, English novelist.
- James, John Angell, English Independent minister and author.
- Jameson, Anna, English writer.
- Jameson, or Jamesone, George, Scottish painter.
- Jameson, Robert, Scottish naturalist.
- Jamestown, town, New York, U.S.A.
- Jami, Nuruddin Abdurrahman ibn Ahmed, Persian poet.
- Jamieson, John, Scottish lexicographer.
- Jamnia, town, Palestine.
- Jamrud, fort, Punjab, India.
- Jams and Jellies.
- Jamu, or Jummoo, town, India.
- Janesville, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
- Jangipur, or Jahangirpur, town, India.
- Janin, Jules Gabriel, French critic.
- Janina, Joannina, or Yanina, town, Albania, Turkey.
- Janissaries, Ottoman troops (See Army).
- Jansen, or Jansenius, Cornelius, Dutch theologian.
- Jansenism, religious movement in France.
- Janssen, or Jansen, Cornelius, Dutch painter.
- Janssens Van Nuyssen, Abraham, Flemish painter.
- Janssens, or Jansens, Victor Honorius, Flemish painter.
- Januarius, St, or San Gennaro.
- January, month.
- Janus, Roman god.
- Japan, country, Asia.
- Japanning, industrial art.
- Japheth, of Scripture.
- Jarchi (Rashi, q.v.), Jewish rabbi.
- Jarnac, town, France.
- Jaromierz, town, Bohemia.
- Jarrah Wood, Australian tree.
- Jarrow-on-Tyne, town, England.
- Jashar, Book of (See Hebrew Language and Literature).
- Jashpur, state, India.
- Jasmin, Jacques, French poet.
- Jasmine, or Jessamine, plant.
- Jason, of Greek mythology.
- Jasper, precious stone.
- Jassy, or Jaschi, town, Roumania.
- Jasz-Bereny, town, Hungary.
- Játiva, San Felipe de Játiva, or Xátiva, town, Spain.
- Jats, race of people, India.
- Jaubert, Pierre Amédée Émilien Probe, French Orientalist.
- Jauer, town, Prussia.
- Jauhary, Arabic lexicographer.
- Jaulna (Jalna, q.v.), town, India.
- Jaundice, or Icterus, disease.
- Jaunpur, district, India.
- Java, island, Indian Archipelago.
- Jawarow, town, Austria.
- Jaxartes (Syr-Daria, q.v.), river, Asia.
- Jay, bird.
- Jay, John, American statesman.
- Jay, William, English Dissenting preacher and writer.
- Jean d'Angély, Saint, town, France.
- Jebeil, Jubeil, or Djebail, ancient town, Syria.
- Jedburgh, town, Scotland.
- Jefferson, Thomas, president of the United States.
- Jefferson City, town, Missouri, U.S.A.
- Jeffersonville, town, Indiana, U.S.A.
- Jeffrey, Francis, Scottish lawyer and critic.
- Jeffreys, George Jeffreys, Lord, Scottish judge and lord chancellor.
- Jehol, or Cheng-te-fu, town, China.
- Jehovah, divine name.
- Jejeebhoy, Sir Jamsetjee, Indian merchant.
- Jelal-ed Din, Mohammed er-Rumi, Persian poet.
- Jemmapes, or Jemappes, town, Belgium.
- Jena, town, Germany.
- Jenghiz Khan, Mongol emperor.
- Jenner, Edward, English physician.
- Jenyns, Soame, English writer.
- Jephthah, judge of Israel.
- Jerboa, rodent mammal.
- Jerdan, William, journalist.
- Jeremiah, Old Testament prophet.
- Jerez de la Frontera, town, Spain.
- Jerez de los Caballeros, town, Spain.
- Jericho, town, Palestine.
- Jerome, St, early Christian writer.
- Jerome of Prague, Reformer and martyr.
- Jerrold, Douglas William, English humorist.
- Jersey, Channel Islands, England.
- Jersey City, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.
- Jerusalem, town, Palestine.
- Jesi, town, Italy.
- Jesse, Edward, English naturalist.
- Jesse, John Heneage, English writer.
- Jesselmere (Jaisalmir, q.v.), state, India.
- Jessor, or Jessore, district, India.
- Jesuits, or Company of Jesus.
- Jesus Christ.
- Jesus, son of Sirach.
- Jet, mineral.
- Jew, The Wandering.
- Jewel, or Jewell, John, bishop of Salisbury.
- Jewellery.
- Jews, Modern.
- Jew’s Harp, or Jew’s Trump, musical instrument.
- Jeypore, or Jaipur, state & town, India.
- Jezreel, town, Palestine.
- Jhalawar, state, India.
- Jhang, district & town, India.
- Jhansi, district, division, & town, India.
- Jhelum, or Jhilam, district & town, India.
- Jhind, state, India.
- Jiddah, or Juddah, town, Arabia.
- Jilolo, Gilolo, or Djilolo, island, Indian Archipelago.
- Jimenes, or Ximenes, Francisco, Spanish cardinal and statesman.
- Jitomir (Zhitomir, q.v.), town, Russia.
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- Joachim, abbot of Floris, mystic.
- Joachimsthal, town, Bohemia.
- Joan of Arc, maid of Orleans.
- Job, Book of.
- Job’s Tears, plant and seeds.
- Jodhpur, state and town, India.
- Joel, Book of.
- John, the apostle.
- John, Epistles of.
- John, Gospel of (See Gospels).
- John, the Baptist.
- John, popes.
- John I., pope.
- John II., pope.
- John III., pope.
- John IV., pope.
- John V., pope.
- John VI., pope.
- John VII., pope.
- John VIII., pope.
- John IX., pope.
- John X., pope.
- John XI., pope.
- John XII., pope.
- John XIII., pope.
- John XIV., pope.
- John XV., pope.
- John XVI., pope.
- John XVII., pope.
- John XVIII., pope.
- John XIX., pope.
- John XXI., pope.
- John XXII., pope.
- John XXIII., pope.
- John I., Greek emperor.
- John II., Greek emperor.
- John III., Greek emperor.
- John IV., Greek emperor.
- John V., Greek emperor.
- John VI., Greek emperor.
- John VII., Greek emperor.
- John, king of England.
- John I., king of France.
- John II., king of France.
- John II., Casimir, of Poland.
- John III., Sobieski, of Poland.
- John (João) I., king of Portugal.
- John II., of Portugal.
- John III., of Portugal.
- John IV., of Portugal.
- John V., of Portugal.
- John VI., of Portugal.
- John, king of Saxony.
- John I. (Juan), king of Aragon.
- John II., of Aragon.
- John I., king of Castile and Leon.
- John II., of Castile and Leon.
- John, Don, of Austria.
- John of Damascus (Joannes Damascenus, q.v.), Byzantine theologian.
- John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (q.v.).
- John, St, of Nepomuk, patron saint of Bohemia.
- John of Salisbury, early English writer.
- John, Prester (Prester John, q.v.), of mediæval writers.
- Johnson, Andrew, president of the United States.
- Johnson, Samuel, English essayist and lexicographer.
- Johnston, Albert Sidney, American general.
- Johnston, Alexander Keith, Scottish geographer.
- Johnstone, town, Scotland.
- Johnstown, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
- Johore, state, Malay Peninsula.
- Joigny, town, France.
- Joinery, in building (q.v.).
- Joint, in law.
- Joints, in mechanics.
- Joint Stock Companies (See Company).
- Joinville, Jean de, French historian.
- Joliet, town, Illinois, U.S.A.
- Jomini, Baron, French military tactician.
- Jommelli, Niccolò, Italian musician.
- Jonah, Book of.
- Jonah, Rabbi, of Cordova, Jewish philologist.
- Jonas, Justus, German Reformer.
- Jones, Inigo, English architect.
- Jones, John Paul (Paul Jones), naval adventurer.
- Jones, Owen (1741–1814), Welsh antiquary.
- Jones, Owen (1809–1874), English art decorator.
- Jones, Sir William, English Orientalist.
- Jones, William, English divine.
- Jonköping, town, Sweden.
- Jonson, Ben, English dramatist.
- Joplin, town, Missouri, U.S.A.
- Joppa, ancient seaport, Palestine.
- Jordaens, Jacob, Flemish painter.
- Jordan, river, Palestine.
- Jordan, Camille, French politician.
- Jordanes, or Jornandes, historian of the Goths.
- Jortin, John, English theological writer.
- Joseph, tribe of Israel.
- Joseph, husband of the Virgin Mary.
- Joseph I., emperor.
- Joseph II., emperor.
- Joséphine, wife of Napoleon I.
- Josephus, Flavius, Jewish historian.
- Joshua, of Scripture.
- Josiah, king of Judah.
- Josika, Miklos or Nicholas, Baron, Hungarian novelist.
- Josquin (Deprès, q.v.), French musical composer.
- Jost, Isaak Markus, German historical writer.
- Jouffroy, Théodore Simon, French philosopher.
- Jourdain, Alfonse, count of Toulouse.
- Jouvenet, Jean, French painter.
- Jovellanos, or Jove Llanos, Gaspar Melchor de, Spanish statesman and writer.
- Jovianus, Flavius Claudius, or Jovian, Roman emperor.
- Jovinianus, or Jovianus, Roman monk and heretic.
- Jovius, Paulus, or Paolo Giovio, Italian historian.
- Juanes, or Joanes, Vicente, Spanish painter.
- Juan Fernandez, island, South Pacific.
- Juarez, Benito Pablo, president of Mexico.
- Juba I., king of Numidia.
- Juba II., king of Numidia.
- Jubbulpore (Jabalpur, q.v.), district & town, India.
- Jubilee, or Jubile, Year of, in Israel.
- Jubilee Year, in Roman Catholic Church.
- Jubilees, Book of the, apocalyptic work (See Apocalyptic Literature).
- Judæa (Palestine, q.v.).
- Judah, tribe of Israel.
- Judas Iscariot, apostle.
- Judas Maccabæus, Jewish leader (See Israel and Maccabees).
- Judas Tree, plant.
- Jude, or Judas, St, of Scripture.
- Judge, Judges.
- Judgment, in law.
- Judicature Acts.
- Judith, Book of, in Apocrypha.
- Judson, Adoniram, American missionary.
- Jugurtha, Numidian prince.
- Jujube, tree and fruit.
- Jukes, Joseph Beete, English geologist.
- Julian, the Apostate, Roman emperor.
- Jülich (Juliers), town, Prussia.
- Julien, Noel (Stanislas Aignen Julien), French Orientalist.
- Juliers (Jülich, q.v.), town, Prussia.
- Julius I., pope.
- Julius II., pope.
- Julius III., pope.
- July, month.
- Jumet, town, Belgium.
- Jumièges, town, France.
- Jumilla, town, Spain.
- Jumna, or Jamuna, river, India.
- Junagarh, state and town, India.
- June, month.
- Jung, Johann Heinrich (Heinrich Stilling), German mystic.
- Juniper, tree.
- Junius, Letters of.
- Junius, Franciscus (1545–1602), Huguenot divine.
- Junius, Franciscus (1589–1677), philologist.
- Juno, Roman goddess (the Greek Hera).
- Junot, Andoche, duke of Abrantes, French general.
- Junot, Laure Permon, duchess of Abrantes.
- Jupiter, Roman god (the Greek Zeus).
- Jura, mountain range, France and Switzerland.
- Jura, department, France.
- Jura, island, Scotland.
- Jurieu, Pierre, French Protestant theologian.
- Jurisprudence (See Law).
- Jury, Trial by.
- Jussieu, De, family of French botanists and naturalists.
- Justice, judicial title.
- Justice of the Peace, magistrate.
- Justiciary, High Court of, in Scotland.
- Justin (Justin Martyr), apologist and martyr.
- Justin, Latin historian.
- Justin I., emperor of the East.
- Justin II., emperor of the East.
- Justinian I. (Flavius Anicius Justinianus), emperor of the East.
- Justinian II., emperor of the East.
- Jute, vegetable fibre.
- Jüterbogk, town, Prussia.
- Juvenal (Decimus Junius Juvenalis), Latin poet and satirist.
- Juxon, William, archbishop of Canterbury.
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- K, the eleventh letter of the alphabet.
- Kaaba, or Kaba, sacred shrine, at Mecca.
- Kaaden, town, Bohemia.
- Kabbalah, Jewish theosophy.
- Kabul, or Cabul (q.v.), town and province, Afghanistan.
- Kabyles, North-African tribes.
- Kadom, town, Russia.
- Kadur, or Cadoor, district, India.
- Kaempfer, Engelbrecht, German traveller.
- Kaffa (Theodosia, q.v.), town, Crimea, Russia.
- Kaffa, or Gomara, district, Abyssinia.
- Kaffraria, Kaffres, South Africa.
- Kafiristan, country, Asia.
- Kahlur, or Bilaspur, hill state, Punjab, India.
- K’ai-fung Foo, town, China.
- Kaira, district and town, India.
- Kairwan, or Kairawan, town, Tunis.
- Kaisarieh (Cæsaria Palestina, q.v.), town, Palestine.
- Kaiserslautern, town, Bavaria.
- Kaiserswerth, town, Prussia.
- Kaithal, town, India.
- Kakapo, New Zealand bird.
- Kalabagh, town, India.
- Kalamata, town, Greece.
- Kalamazoo, town, Michigan, U.S.A.
- Kalatch, town, Russia.
- Kalbe, town, Prussia.
- Kaleidoscope, optical instrument.
- Kalgan, town, China.
- Kalidasa, Sanskrit writer.
- Kalinga, ancient kingdom, India.
- Kalingapatam, town, India.
- Kalish, town, Russian Poland.
- Kalitvenskaya, Don Cossack village, Russia.
- Kalna, town, India.
- Kalocsa, or Kalocza, town, Hungary.
- Kalpi, town, India.
- Kaluga, government & town, Russia.
- Kalvariya, town, Russia.
- Kalw, town, Würtemberg.
- Kamala, drug.
- Kamchatka, peninsula, Siberia.
- Kamenets, town, Podolia, Russia.
- Kamenz, town, Saxony.
- Kames, Lord, Scottish philosopher and judge.
- Kammin, town, Prussia.
- Kampen, town, Holland.
- Kamptulicon, floor-cloth (q.v.).
- Kamrup, district, India.
- Kamthi, town, India.
- Kamuishin, or Kamyshin, town, Russia.
- Kananur, town, India.
- Kanara, North, district, India.
- Kanara, South, district, India.
- Kanauj, town, India.
- Kandahar, town, Afghanistan.
- Kandi, town, India.
- Kandy, town, Ceylon.
- Kane, Elisha Kent, American explorer.
- Kaneff, town, Russia.
- Kangaroo, marsupial mammal.
- Kangra, district, India.
- Kanizsa-Nagy, town, Hungary.
- Kankakee, town, Illinois, U.S.A.
- Kano, town, Central Africa.
- Kansas, State, U.S.A.
- Kansas City, town, Missouri, U.S.A.
- Kant, Immanuel, German philosopher.
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