Handbook of style in use at the Riverside Press/Spelling

SPELLING

Unless other instructions are given, follow Webster’s International Dictionary. When that dictionary recognizes two forms, use the form given in the list below. If copy is prepared consistently, however, do not change the author’s spelling.

abatis
accoutre, -‍ed, -‍ing
ædile
æon
æesthete
æsthetic
æstival
ætiology
aluminum
ambassador
amphitheater
anæmia
anæmic
anæsthesia
anæsthetic
aposteme
archæology
asfœtida
ascendant, -‍ance
astrakhan
axe
aye (yes)
bandannas
baritone
Bastille
bazaar
behoove
biased
biasing
blond (masc.)
blonde (fem.)
bogey
boulder
burgeon
caliber
calk
canceled, -‍ing
cancellation
cantilever
caravansary
cartouche
caviled, -‍ing
center
chicory
clerestory
clue
cœliac
coolie
cotillion

councilor
counseled, -‍ing
counselor
cozy
crenelated
curtsy
cyclopædia
debonair
defense
delf
demarcation
diæresis
diarrhœa
dike
dinghy
disk
dispatch
distill
dominoes
draft
droshky
drought
dueling, -‍ist
dullness
eerie
embroil
ensnare
enthrall, -‍ment
epaulet, -‍ed
escallop
fæcal
fæces
fetish
fiber
flunky
focused, -‍ing
fætcide
fœtus
fogy
foregather
frizz
frowzy
fulfill, -‍ment
fullness
gauge
gayety
gayly
glycerine

good-bye
graveled, -‍ing
gray
guerrilla
guild
gypsy
hæmal
hæmatic
hæmatite
hæmoglobin
hallelujah
hemorrhage
Hindu
Hindustani
homœopathy
inclose
inclosure
indorse
indorsement
indorser
install, -‍ment
insure
kidnaped, -‍er -‍ing
knicknacks
libel, -‍ing -‍ous
litre
luster
maneuver
maneuvered
maneuvering
marvel, -‍ed -‍ing -‍ous
maugre
meager
mediæval
metre
millionaire
miter
moult
mould
mustache
naught
niter
ocher
offense
orthopædic
partisan
peddler

pendant (adj.)
pendent (n.)
pickaxe
plough (n. and v.)
postilion
practice (n. and v.)
pretense
programme
pygmy
quartette
quintette
reconnoiter, -‍ed -‍ing
reinforce
remould
reverie
rhyme
saber, -‍ed -‍ing
saltpeter
savior
Saviour
scepter
scimitar
sepulcher
sextette
shyly
skeptic
skillful
slyly
smoulder
somber
specter
spoony
squirearchy
stadholder
stanch
syrup
theatre
tranquilize
transship
traveler, -‍ed -‍ing
wainscotted, -‍ing
whiskey
whizz
whopper
willful
woeful
woolen
worshiper, -‍ed -‍ing

Spell with -ise

advertise
advise
affranchise
apprise
chastise
circumcise
comprise
compromise
demise
despise
devise

disfranchise
disguise
emprise
enfranchise
enterprise
excise
exercise
exorcise
franchise
improvise

incise
manuprise
merchandise
promise
premise
reprise
revise
supervise
surmise
suprise

Spell with -ize or -yze

aggrandise
agonize
analyse
anatomize
angelize
apologize
approstrophize
appetizing
authorize
baptize
brutalize
canonize
catechize
catholicize
cauterize
centralize
characterize
christianize
civilize
classicize
colonize
criticise
crystalize
demoralize
deputize
dogmatize
economize
emphasize
energize
epitomize
equalize
eulogize
evangelize
extemporize
familiarize

fertilize
fossilize
fraternize
galvanize
generalize
gormandize
harmonize
hellenize
immortalize
italicize
jeopardize
legalize
liberalize
localize
magnetize
memorialize
mesmerize
metamorphize
methodize
minimize
modernize
monopolize
moralize
nationalize
naturalize
neutralize
organize
ostracize
oxidize
paralyze
particularize
pasteurize
patronize
philosophize
plagiarize

polarize
professionalize
protestantize
pulverize
realize
recognize
reorganize
revolutionize
satirize
scandalize
scrutinize
signalize
solemnize
soliloquize
specialize
spiritualize
standardize
stigmatize
subsidize
summarize
syllogize
symbolize
sympathize
tantalize
temporize
tranquillize
tyrannize
utilize
vaporize
visualize
vitalize
vocalize
vulcanize
vulgarize

Nouns ending in o form the plural by adding s if the singular ends in s preceded by a vowel; e.g., bamboo, bamboos; cameo, cameos; embryo, embryos; if the singular ending is in o preceded by a consonant, by adding es; e.g., buffalo, buffaloes; desperado, desperadoes; echo, echoes; hero, heroes; motto, mottoes; potato, potatoes.

The following nouns are exceptional, and form the plural by simply adding s:—

albino
canto
cento
domino (when not the game)

duodecimo
halo
lasso
memento
octavo

piano
proviso
quarto
salvo
sirocco

solo
stiletto
torso
tyro

When the prefixes “co-,” “re-,” “pre-,” are followed by the same vowel, use the diæresis marked vowel for the second one, without the hyphen; as, “coördinate,” “reëlection,” “preëminent.” If the prefix comes at the end of a line, with the hyphen, the diæresis is not to be used. The diæresis is not to be used in words beginning with “aer”; as, aeroplane, aery, aerial, etc.

Before sounded h, long u, and the word “one,” use a as the form of the indefinite article; as, a hotel, a history, a union, such a one.

Use the dipthong æ and œ in Latin quotations and in quotations from Old English or French.

In vocative forms of address, use “O” (capitalized), without a comma following; for an exclamation, use “oh,” followed by a comma, but capitalized only at beginning of sentences.

Worcester Spellings

In this list will be found the preferred Worcester spellings, not adopted by the Riverside Press, where they differ from the International Dictionary.

accoutre
amphitheatre
apparelled
ay (yes)
blassed, -‍sing
calibre
carolled
centre
chiccory
cimeter
cosey, cosily
councillor
counsellor
crenellated
defence
despatch
dishevelled
distil
dominos (a game)
dulness

enamour
enclose
enrolment
equalled, -‍ling
fetich
fibre
focussed, -‍sing
frescos
fulfil
fulness
gaol
gramme
grottos
guerilla
imperilled, -‍ling
instalment
instil
jewellery
kidnapped
libelled, -‍lous

lodgement
lustre
manœuvre
marvellous
meagre
millionnaire
modelled, -‍ling
nitre
ochre
offence
pacha
pedler
porticos
practise (v.)
pretence
quarrelled, -‍ling
reconnoitre
revery
rivalled, -‍ling

sabre
saltpetre
sceptre
sceptic
sepulchre
Shakespearian
shriveled, -‍ling
skilful
sombre
spectre
sulphuretted
theatre
travelled, -‍ler
vice (a tool)
villanous, -‍y
wilful
woful
woollen
worshipped, -‍per

English Spellings

In the English style of spelling, many words which, in American usage, end in or, end in our. Words thus ending in our are:—

arbour
ardour
armour
behaviour
candour
clamour
clangour
colour
demeanour
discolour
dolour
endeavour
favour
fervour
flavour
harbour
honour
humour
invigour
labour
misbehaviour
misdemeanour
neighbour
odour
parlour
rancour
rigour
rumour
savour
splendour
succour
tabour
tumour
valour
vapour
vigour

Under instructions to “use English spelling,” the above forms are to be used; also the following:—

cheque (on a bank)
chequered
connexion
dreamt
faggot
forgather
forgo
grey
inflexion
jewelery
leapt
premiss (in logic)
waggon

Proper Names.

Correct spellings are here given. Where two or more forms of the same name are given, it is to be understood that each is equally correct, and the copy form is to be followed.

à Becket (Thomas)
à Becket (A.W. and G.A.)
Acadia (Nova Scotia)
Adeler (Mary)
Adler (Rabbi)
Air (Point of), N. Wales
Allan-a-Dale
Allan Poe (Edgar)
Allegany County (Md.)
Alleghany Mountains
Allegheny City and River
All Souls College (Oxford)
Alma Tadema (Lawrence)
Alma Tadema (Miss Laurence)
Andersen (Hans C.)
Apennines
Appalachians
Arcadia (poetic)
Austen (Jane, English novelist)
Austin (Jane G., American novelist)
Ayre (Point of), Isle of Man
Bastille
Baylis (T.H., writer)
Bayliss (Sir Wyke, painter)
Berthallet (C.L., chemist)
Berthelot (P.E.M., chemist)
Beverley (Eng.)
Beverly (Mass.)
Biglow Papers
Bischoff (K.Ct.)
Bischoff (T.L.W.)
Björnson (Björnstjerne)
Bonheur (Rosa)
Britannia
Brittany
Brobdingnag
Brookline (Mass.)
Brooklyn (N.Y.)
Brooks (Phillips)
Burdette (Robert J.)
Carey (Matthew)
Carribbean Sea
Caribbees
Cariboo (B.C.)
Caribou (Idaho)
Carlisle (J.G.)
Carlyle (Thomas)
Carnegie Institution
Cary (Phœbe)
Charleston (S.C.)
Charlestown (Mass.)
Chile or Chili
Colombia (So. America)
Coverly (Sir Roger de)
Danzig or Dantzic
Davy (Sir Humphry)
Dafoe (Daniel)
De Quincey (Thomas)
Douglas (Stephen A.)
Douglass (Frederick)
Dutchess County (N.Y.)
Easthampton (Mass.)
Eifel River
Eiffel Tower
Eliot (George, novelist )
Eliot (Charles W.)
Elliot (Daniel Giraud)
Elliot (George Thompson)
Elliot (Henry Rutherford)
Elliott (A. Marshall)
Elliott (Jonathan)
Elliott (Maud Howe)
Elliott (Maxine)
Ericsson (John)
Fénelon
Field (Cyrus W.)
Field (Eugene)
Fielde (Adèle Marion)
Fields (Annie Adams)
Fields (James T.)
Fisk (Herbert Franklin)
Fiske (John)
Fiske (Minnie Maddern)
FitzGerald (Edward)
Gérôme
Gray (Thomas)
Greeley (Horace)
Greely (Major-General)
Green (J.R.)
Greene (Robert)
Grey (Lady Jane)
Grey (Earl)
Harrison (Frederic)
Harte (Francis Bret)
Hobbes (John Oliver)
Hobbes (Thomas)
Humphrey (Duke)
Hutton (Laurence)
Istlilxochitl (Mexican historian)
Iyeyasu (Japanese statesman)
Jansen (Cornelius, theologian)
Janssen (Cornelius, painter)
Janssens (Abraham, painter)
Jefferies (Richard, naturalist)
Jeffrey (Lord, critic)
Jeffreys (George, Lord, judge)
Jeffreys (Miss Ellis, actress)
Jeffries (Maud, actress)
Johannesburg (S. Africa)
Johannisburg (Prussia)
Johns Hopkins University
Johnston (Albert Sidney)
Johnston (Joseph E.)
Johnson (Doctor Samuel)
Jonson (Ben)
Kamchatka
Kaufmann (Angelica, painter)
Kauffmann (C., Russian general)
Kouropatkin (Russian general)
Leipsic or Leipzig
Lenox Library
Lenox (Mass.)
Lichfield (England)
Litchfield (Connecticut)
Livingston (Chancellor))
Livingstone (David)
Luxembourg (Palace, Gardens)
Luxemburg (Belgian province)
Magdalen College (Oxford)
Magdalene College (Cambridge)
Mitchell (Donald G.)
Mitchill (Samuel L.)
Morris (Gouverneur)
Newcastle (Del.)
New Castle (Ind. and N. H.)
Northampton (Mass.)
North Hampton (N. H.)
Nuremberg or Nürnberg
Oliphant (Laurence)
Peking
Philips (Ambrose)
Phillips (Wendell)
Procter (Adelaide)
Pyrenees
Read (Thomas B., poet)
Reade (Charles, novelist)
Reed (Thomas B., statesman)
Reid (Thomas)
Reid (Whitelaw)
Revue des Deux Mondes
Rhead (Louis)
Rheims
Shakespeare[1]
Shakspeare[1]
Shakspere[1]
Shakespearean or Shaksperian
Sidney (Sir Phillip)
Smith (Sydney)
Smithsonian Institution
Southampton (Eng. and Mass.)
South Hampton (N. H.)
Spencer (Herbert)
Spencer (Edmund)
Stephens (Alexandar H.)
Stephens (Anna Sophia)
Stephens (John Lloyd)
Stephenson (George, engineer)
Stephenson (Isaac)
Stephenson (Robert, English engineer)
Sterling (John)
Sterne (Laurence)
Stevens (Abel)
Stevens (Benjamin F.)
Stevens (Edwin A.)
Stevens (Isaac Ingalls)
Stevens (Robert L.)
Stevens (Thaddeus)
Stevenson (Adlai E.)
Stevenson (Robert, Scotch engineer)
Stevenson (Robert Louis)
Stewart (A.T.)
Stewart (Balfour)
Stewart (Admiral Charles)
Stewart (Dugald)
Stuart (name of the former Royal Family of England)
Stuart (Gilbert)
Stuart (J.E.B.)
Stuart (John M.)
Stuart (Moses)
Thompson (Benjamin)
Thompson (Sylvanus P.)
Thomson (Elihu)
Thomson (James)
Thomson (Sir Wm., Lord Kelvin)
Tolstoy (Count Leo)
Wallace (Alfred Russel)
Ward (Mrs. Humphry)
Washburn (Cadwallader C.)
Washburne (Elihu B.)
Watt (James)
Watts (Dr. Isaac)
Zurich
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 These three spellings are all authorized, and whichever one the copy has used consistently may be followed. The first is the form preferred by The Riverside Press. Divide Shake-speare, Shak-speare, or Shak-spere.