History of Woman Suffrage/Volume 5

 

The History

of

Woman Suffrage.

Edited by

Ida Husted Harper

Illustrated with Copperplate and Photogravure Engravings

in Six Volumes.

Vol. V.

1900–1920.

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After seventy years came the victory

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National American Woman Suffrage Association

 

 

 

Copyright, 1922, by
National American Woman Suffrage Association

 

PRINTED AND BOUND BY
J. J. LITTLE & IVES COMPANY
NEW YORK

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

page
Preface	iii
Introduction	xv
Foreword	1
CHAPTER I.
Founding of National Association	3
Work of the National American Woman Suffrage Association for an amendment to the Federal Constitution, to State constitutions and for other reforms — Annual convention in Minneapolis in 1901 — Mrs. Stanton's address on the Church, the Bible and Woman Suffrage — Miss Anthony's and others' opinions — President's address of Mrs. Catt on obstacles — Dr. Shaw's vice-president's address on Anti-suffragists — Plan for national work — Miss Anthony's report on work with Congress — Protest against "regulated vice" in Manila — New York Sun and Woman Suffrage — Discriminating against women in government departments — A tribute to the national suffrage conventions.
CHAPTER II.
The National Suffrage Convention of 1902	23
Meeting in Washington, D. C, of committee to form an International Woman Suffrage Alliance — Greeting of Clara Barton to foreign delegates — Letters from Norway and Germany — Response of Mrs. Friedland of Russia — Mrs. Catt's president's address on World Progress leading to the International Alliance — Mrs. Stanton's address on Educated Suffrage — Miss Anthony's introduction of Pioneers — Addresses on The New Woman and The New Man — Women in New York municipal election — Miss Anthony's 82d birthday — Mr. Blackwell on Presidential suffrage for women — Hearings before committees of Congress — Addresses of Norwegian and Australian delegates before Senate Committee — Dr. Shaw's plea for a committee to investigate conditions in Equal Suffrage States — Speeches of Russian, Swedish and English delegates — Mrs. Catt's insistence on a Congressional Committee to investigate the working of woman suffrage where it exists.
CHAPTER III.
National Suffrage Convention of 1903	55
Very successful meeting in New Orleans — Description of Picayune — Ovation to Miss Anthony and Mrs. Caroline E. Merrick — Dr. Shaw's response — Mrs. Catt's president's address — Times Democrat brings up Negro Question, official board of the association states its position — Visit to colored women's club — Reports of officers — Presidential suffrage for women — Colby's report mi Industrial Problems relating to Women and Children — Addresses of Dr. Henry Dixon Bruns, M. J. Sanders, president of Progressive Union — Memorial service for Mrs. Stanton — Speeches on Educational Qualification for voting — “Dorothy Dix" on The Woman with the Broom — Address of Edwin Merrick — Belle Kearney on Woman Suffrage to insure White Supremacy — Tribute to Misses Kate and Jean Gordon.
CHAPTER IV.
National Suffrage Convention of 1904	86
Letter of greeting to the convention in Washington from Mrs. Florence Fenwick Miller, suffrage leader in Great Britain — Delegates appointed to International Alliance meeting in Berlin — Mrs. Catt's president's address on an Educational Requirement for the Suffrage — Address of Mrs. Watson Lister of Australia — Charlotte Perkins Gilman's biological plea for woman suffrage — Report from new headquarters — Addresses on Women and Philanthropy by the Rev. Anna Garlin Spencer and Dr. Samuel J. Barrows — Mrs. Mead on Peace and Mrs. Nathan on The Wage Earner and the Ballot — Miss Anthony's 84th birthday — A Colorado Jubilee, speeches by Governor Alva Adams, Mrs. Grenfell and Mrs. Meredith — Mrs. Terrell asks for moral support of colored women — Declaration of Principles adopted — Mrs. Catt Resigns the Presidency, tributes — Hearings before Congressional Committees — Distinguished testimony from Colorado — Mrs. Catt's strong appeal for a report even if adverse.
CHAPTER V.
National Suffrage Convention of 1905	117
The convention in Portland, Ore., first held in the West — Enthusiastic welcome and great hospitality — Miss Anthony speaks of her visit in 1871 — Speech of Jefferson Myers, president of the Exposition — Mrs. Duniway on the Pioneers — Dr. Shaw's president's address, answers ex-President Cleveland and Cardinal Gibbons — Committee appointed to interview President Roosevelt — Protest to committee of Congress against statehood constitution for Oklahoma and other Territories — Fine work of Press Committee — Woman's Day at Exposition — Unveiling of Sacajawea statue — Convention adopts Initiative and Referendum — Decision to have an amendment campaign in Oregon — Tribute to Mr. Blackwell — Mrs. Catt's noble address — Memorial resolutions for eminent members — Speeches by prominent politicians.
CHAPTER VI.
National Suffrage Convention of 1906	151
The convention held in Baltimore one of the most notable — Miss Anthony, Julia Ward Howe and Clara Barton on the platform — Welcome by Governor Warfield and Collector of the Port Stone — Dr. Shaw scores President Roosevelt's reference to Women in Industry in his message to Congress — Ridicules Cardinal Gibbons' and Dr. Lyman Abbott's recent pronouncements on woman suffrage — Organization of College Women's League — Florence Kelley speaks on Child Labor — College Women's Evening — Women professors from five large colleges speak — Week of hospitality by Miss Mary E. Garrett — Speeches on Women in Municipal Government by Wm. Dudley Foulke, Frederick C. Howe, Rudolph Blankenburg, Jane Addams — Miss Anthony speaks her last words to a national suffrage convention — Mrs. Howe's farewell address — President Thomas and Miss Garrett decide to raise large fund for woman suffrage — Delegates go to Washington for hearings before Congressional Committees — Miss Anthony's 86th birthday celebrated — Her last words on the public platform.
CHAPTER VII.
National Suffrage Convention of 1907	193
Bishop Fallows welcomes convention to Chicago — Professor Breckinridge on Municipal Housekeeping — Florence Kelley on same — Mary McDowell, Anna Nicholes and others on Working-women's Need of a Vote — Addresses by Professor C. R. Henderson, Hon. Oliver W. Stewart — Memorials and service for Miss Anthony — Organizations for Woman Suffrage — Farewell letter of Mary Anthony — Rabbi Hirsch on woman suffrage — Near victories in many States.
CHAPTER VIII.
National Suffrage Convention of 1908	213
Celebrates 40th anniversary in Buffalo — Emily Howland on Spirit of '48 — Kate Gordon describes interview with President Roosevelt — Widespread work of national headquarters — Program of 1848 convention — Responses to its Resolutions by Mrs. Gilman, Miss Blackwell, Mrs. Blatch, the Rev. Caroline Bartlett Crane and others — The Scriptures and St. Paul analyzed by Judith Hyams Douglas — Discussion on the Social Evil led by the Rev. Anna Garlin Spencer — College Women's Evening; addresses by Dr. M. Carey. Thomas, Professor Frances Squire Potter, Professor Breckinridge and others — Mrs. Kelley on Laws for Women and Wage Earners — Stirring speech by Jean Gordon, factory inspector — Maude Miner on Night Courts for women — Mrs. William C. Gannetton Woman's DutyKatharine Reed Balentine on Disfranchised Influence — Mrs. Philip Snowden describes English situation — Legal Phases of Disfranchisement by Harriette Johnson Wood — Progress since 1848 — Mrs. Catt's inspiring address.
CHAPTER IX.
National Suffrage Convention of 1909	243
Annual meeting held in Seattle — Delightful journey across continent — Reception in Spokane — Mrs. Villard tells of opening of Northern Pacific R. R. — Welcomed to Seattle by Mayor — Elizabeth J. Hauser's report of headquarters work — Mrs. Belmont's offer of headquarters in New York City — Mrs. Mead urges association to work for Peace — Professor Potter's address on College Women and Democracy — Mr. Blackwell's last suffrage convention — Mrs. Avery reports on National Association's petition to Congress — Mary E. Craigie tells of suffrage work with the churches — Professor Potter elected corresponding secretary — Political work for suffrage before elections urged, Illinois cited — Suffrage Day at the Exposition.
CHAPTER X.
National Suffrage Convention of 1910	266
Convention returns to Washington after six years — President Taft makes speech of welcome — Delegates show displeasure — Exchange of letters between national officers and the President — Official resolution of regret — Comment of Woman's Journal — Report of association's vast work from New York headquarters — Great Petition officially received by Congress — Mrs. Upton resigns as treasurer — Memorial addresses for Mr. Blackwell and Wm. Lloyd Garrison — Alice Paul on "militant" suffrage in Great Britain — "Dorothy Dix” on The Real Reason why Women can not Vote — Max Eastman on Democracy and Woman — Mrs. Harper's report as chairman of National Press Committee — Hearings before Committees of Congress; speeches by Dr. Shaw, Mrs. McCulloch, Eveline Gano of New York on teachers' need of the vote; Dr. Anna E. Blount of Chicago on profess al women's need; Minnie J. Reynolds on writers signing petitions — U. S. Senator Shafroth's notable speech to Senate Committee — House Committee: Mrs. Raymond Robins, Elizabeth Schauss, factory inspector; Laura J. Graddick of a District Labor Union and Florence Kelley argue for the working women's need of vote — Speeches of Mrs. Upton and Laura Clay.
CHAPTER XI.
National Suffrage Convention of 1911	310
Convention in Louisville, Ky., celebrates victories in Washington and California — Welcomed by Laura Clay — Mr. Braly tells of California campaign — Mary Ware Dennett, new corresponding secretary, reports world wide work — Caroline Reilly, new chairman, describes press work in 41 States — Jane Addams, on College League's Evening shows what women might accomplish with the franchise — Dr. Thomas what the suffrage means to college women — Dr. Harvey W. Wiley speaks on Women's Influence in Public Affairs — Katharine Dexter McCormick on Effect of Suffrage Work on Women themselves — Mrs. McCulloch on Equal Guardianship Laws — Church needs Woman Suffrage — Mrs. Desha Breckinridge discusses Prospect for Woman Suffrage in the South — Mrs. Pankhurst receives ovation.

CHAPTER XII.
National Suffrage Convention of 1912	332
Three victories celebrated at convention in Philadelphia, suffrage gained in Oregon, Arizona and Kansas — Welcomed by Mayor Blankenburg — Rally in Independence Square — Reports show wonderful progress — An Evening by Men's Suffrage League — Discussion on officers of the association taking part in political campaigns — Great meeting in Metropolitan Opera House, speeches by Julia Lathrop, Miss Addams and Dr. Burghardt DuBois — On last evening addresses by Bishop Darlington, Baroness von Suttner and Mrs. Catt — Hearings before Congressional Committees, Dr. Shaw and Miss Addams presiding — Speeches on Senate side by James Lees Laidlaw, president of Men's League; Jean Nelson Penfield, speaking for women in civic work; Elsie Cole Phillips and Caroline A. Lowe for the wage-earning women — On the House side, Representatives Raker, Taylor, Lafferty and Berger; Mary E. McDowell, Ida Husted Harper — Colloquy with committee — Ella C. Brehaut speaks for anti-suffrage women.
CHAPTER XIII.
National Suffrage Convention of 1913	364
Convention opened in Washington Sunday afternoon with mass meeting — Women's trade unions represented by speakers — Victories in Illinois and Alaska — Dr. Shaw's account of Democratic National convention in Baltimore — President Wilson urged to put woman suffrage in his Message — He receives a delegation — Report of year's work for the Federal Amendment by Alice Paul, chairman of association's Congressional Committee — Objection to Congressional Union — New Congressional Committee appointed — Vote on Federal Amendment in Senate — Three days' hearings by House Committee on Rules on appeal for a Committee on Woman Suffrage, Dr. Shaw presiding — Speeches by Mrs. Catt, Mrs. Gardener, Mrs. Harper, Jane Addams, Mrs. Breckinridge, Mary R. Beard and Representative Raker — Women's Anti — Suffrage Associations out in force — In rebuttal Miss Blackwell, Mrs. McCulloch and Mrs. Mondell — Representative Mondell closes — Rules Committee refuses the appeal.
CHAPTER XIV.
National Suffrage Convention of 1914	398
Convention met in House of Representatives at Nashville, welcomed by Mayor Howse — Dr. Shaw eulogizes Southern women — Governor Hooper welcomes to State — Anne Martin tells of victory in Nevada, Jeannette Rankin in Montana — National Association's work in campaigns — Dr. Shaw on the War — Tribute of convention to her — Address by U. S. Senator Luke Lea — Heated controversy over Shafroth Federal Amendment — Defense by Ruth Hanna McCormick — Antoinette Funk before Judiciary Committee — Her "brief” for amendment — Her report of the campaigns — Miss Clay's and Mrs. Bennett's bill — Committee Hearings: speakers, Mrs. Funk, Mrs. Colby, Mrs. Beard, Crystal Eastman Benedict, Dr. Cora Smith King, Mrs. Gardener — National Anti-Suffrage Association headed by Mrs. Arthur M. Dodge, with array of men and women speakers.
CHAPTER XV.
National Suffrage Convention of 1915	439
At the convention in Washington defeats and victories to consider — First vote in House on Federal Amendment — President Wilson receives delegates — All reports show progress — Dr. Shaw refuses to stand for reelection — Her farewell address — Beautiful ceremonies — Mrs. Catt elected — Ethel M. Smith's report on political work — Congressmen card-indexed — Ruth Hanna McCormick on first House vote — Shafroth Amendment dropped — Conference with Congressional Union, its policy of fighting party in power condemned — Hearing before friendly Senate Suffrage Committee — House Committee controversies with "antis" and Congressional Union — Men "antis" grilled.
CHAPTER XVI.
National Suffrage Convention of 1916	480
Great meeting in Atlantic City — President Wilson attends and announces his allegiance — His address — Dr. Shaw responds — Mrs. Catton State campaigns — Shall association work for Federal and State amendments? — Mrs. Catt sounds key-note in speech on The Crisis — Mrs. Dudley, Mrs. Cotnam and Mrs. Valentine represent South — The "golden flier” — Sharp debate on endorsing candidates — Speeches of Owen Lovejoy, Julia Lathrop and Katherine Bement Davis — Important report of Mrs. Roessing on work in Congress; woman suffrage planks in national conventions at Chicago and St. Louis; interviewing presidential candidates; revised plan for work of association — Dr. Shaw on Americanism and the Flag.
CHAPTER XVII.
National Suffrage Convention of 1917	513
Convention in Washington under war conditions — Distinguished reception committee — Delegates interview their Congressmen; Association pledges loyalty to Government; its officers in service — New York victory celebrated — Secretary Lane brings President Wilson's greetings — Mrs. Catt's great address to Congress — Maud Wood Park's full report of work with Congress — New Washington headquarters — Report of Leslie Bureau of Suffrage Education — Speech of Secretary of War Baker — Dr. Shaw on Woman's Committee of Council of National Defense — Miss Hay on New York's Socialist vote — "Suffrage Schools" begun — Last Hearing before Senate Committee.
CHAPTER XVIII.
National Suffrage Convention of 1918 — 1919	550
Convention of 1918 first ever omitted — War conditions — Many suffrage gains — Jubilee Convention in St. Louis in 1919 — Mrs. Catt calls for League of Women Voters — Mrs. Shuler's secretary's report of greatest year's work, State campaigns, war service, work with Congress — Missouri Legislature gives Presidential suffrage — Mrs. Park's report on congressional work — Votes in House and Senate — President Wilson asks Congress for woman suffrage — Tributes to Pioneers — League of Women Voters formed — Work with Editors — Non-partisanship reaffirmed — In Washington: Hearing before new Committee on Woman Suffrage — Dr. Shaw on association's war record — Mrs. Catt's survey of situation; urges committee to talk with President — Ex-Senator Bailey's anti-suffrage speech — Mrs. Catt and Mrs. Park answer — Last suffrage hearing.
CHAPTER XIX.
National Suffrage Convention of 1920	594
Call to convention in Chicago the last — Mrs. Catt's Jubilee speech — Executive Council's recommendations — Mrs. Shuler's secretary's report of year's gains and losses, work in southern States, great effort for Ratification — Mrs. Rogers' last treasurer's report — Smithsonian Institution gives space for suffrage mementoes — Memorial meeting for Dr. Shaw, college foundations — Miss Anthony's centennial celebrated — League of Women Voters perfected.
CHAPTER XX.
Story of Federal Suffrage Amendment	618
The "war amendments" discriminate against women — National Association formed for Federal Woman Suffrage Amendment — Women vote under the 14th Supreme Court decides against them — Fifty years' struggle with Congress for woman suffrage amendment — Hearings before committees Stubborn opposition — Votes and defeats Support of parties finally gained — Planks in their platforms — Amendment submitted to Legislatures — Strenuous efforts for ratification — Victory at last.
CHAPTER XXI.
Various Woman Suffrage Associations	656
Federal Suffrage Association — U. S. Elections Bill — College Women's League — Friends' Equal Rights Association — Mississippi Valley Conferences — Southern Women's Conference — International and National Men's Leagues — National Woman's Party — Women's Anti-Suffrage Association — Man Suffrage Association.
CHAPTER XXII.
League of Women Voters	683
Formed in St. Louis — Mrs. Catt outlines its work — Its eight departments presented — Perfected and officers elected at Chicago — Reports from department chairmen — Laws for women demanded — Citizenship Schools — League asks planks in national political conventions — Visits presidential candidates.
CHAPTER XXIII.
Woman Suffrage in Presidential Conventions	702
Long struggle for planks in national platforms — Refused for nearly fifty years — Woman suffrage by State action approved in 1916 — Federal Amendment endorsed in 1920 — Graphic story of opposition.
CHAPTER XXIV.
War Service of Organized Suffragists	720
Mrs. Catt calls Executive Council of One Hundred to Washington — It sends letter to President Wilson offering services of National American Association Organizes four departments of work — Mass meeting held, Secretary of War Baker speaks — President expresses approval of the association's work Woman's Committee of Government Council of National Defense formed, Dr. Shaw appointed chairman, Mrs. Catt and other leading suffragists made members — Reports of department heads at National Suffrage convention Report of association's Oversea Hospitals, their important work — Anti-suffrage women attack suffrage leaders — After Armistice Mrs. Catt calls meeting in New York, which requests President Wilson to appoint women delegates to Peace Conference in Paris — Woman's Committee of National Defense ends work — Secretary Baker's tribute to Dr. Shaw.
APPENDIX.
Appendix	741
Moncure D. Conway's address at Mrs. Stanton's funeral — Miss Anthony's last letter to her — National American Association's Declaration of Principles — Memorial building in Rochester for Miss Anthony — Speech of Mrs. Catt at Senate hearing in 1910 — Same in 1915 — Review of Shafroth Federal Suffrage Amendment — Different National headquarters — Bequest of Mrs. Frank Leslie — Memorial tributes to Dr. Shaw — Present Status of National American Association.
INDEX.
Index	765