VI. Ancient Britain.
§16.
In this and the following Preparations all nouns and adjectives of the 1st and 2nd Declensions will be given in the Nom. Sing., except when a whole phrase is quoted.
| historicus, a, um | historical |
| studiōsus, a, um | fond, studious |
| narrō | I tell, I narrate |
| proximus, a, um | nearest |
| proximō annō[1] | last year |
| dum | while |
| erat | was (he was) |
| narrābat | he used to tell or narrate |
| auscultābant | (they) used to listen |
| ad-eram | I used to be present |
| sīc | so, thus, as follows |
| fere | almost |
| tōtus, a, um | whole [total] |
| tōta Britannia | the whole of Britain |
| The adj. tōtus, a, um is irregular in the Gen. and Dat. Sing. | |
| densus, a, um | dense, thick |
| fluvius | river |
| Tamesa [2] | Thames |
| ager[3] | field |
| frūgifer, frūgifera, frūgiferum | fruitful [fruit-bearing] |
| silva Anderida | the Andredsweald (weald = forest) |
| vastus, a, um | wild, waste [vast] |
| incultus, a, um | uncultivated |
| fera | wild beast |
| lupus | wolf |
| ursus | bear |
| cervus | stag |
| aper[4] | wild boar |
| multus, a, um | much |
| varius, a, um | varied |
| māteria | timber [material] |
| fāgus (fem.) | beech |
| ☞Most nouns denoting trees are feminine | |
| nōtus, a, um | known |
| sī | if |
| Gāius Iūlius | i.e. Caesar |
| vērus, a, um | true |
| vēra (neut. pl.) | true things, the truth |
| affirmō | I affirm, I state |
| pīnus (fem.) | pine |
| Scōticus, a, um | Scottish |
| dē-erat | was wanting |
PREPARATIONS
§17-
liber, llbcra, liber- um free
With Abl.;cf. §6, §12
metallum nietal
multl, ae, a many
abundabat abounded
With Abl. plumbum album white lead
i.e. tin ferrum iron
atque and moreover
Tacitus Tacitus,
a Roman historian Zold
aurum
argentum
margarita
ostrea
dabat
parvus, a, um
praeclarus, a, um famous
caehmi sky, climate
tum quoque then too, i.e.
just as now creber, crebra,
crebrum frequent
silver pearl [Margaret] oyster
gave, yieldcd small
pluvia* rain
nebula cloud
ater, atra, atrum dark foedus, a, um hideous prulna frost
ab-erant were absent
natura nature
piger, pigra, pigr-
um sluggish
testimonium testimony
nauta Romanus see §15 (Rule of Genders)
inquit vix
pot-erant -ne
an
satis
impiger, impigra, impigrum
says he
scarxely, hardly were able marks a qucs-
tion (?r (in a ques-
tion) sufficientty,
enough
active (ht. not sluggish)
•Note the Ablative withouta Preposition, here meaning 'with': pluviis foedum, hideous with rains. Coinpare § 15, creber pueris, crotvded with boys. PREPARATIONS §i8. incola antiquus seep.75(Rule flavus, a, um yellow of Genders) mcmbrum limb [member] ferus, a, um savage robustus, a, um stnrdy, robust bellicosus, a, um warlike Caledonius Caledonian erant were Cambria Wales hasta* spear coloratus, a, um sufi-burnt sagilta arrotv [colouied] essedum chariot statura height, stature inter se aiiiong them- niger, nigra, selves, with nigrum black [] one another universT, ae, a all pugnabant t/iev used to [universal] fight vitrum woad (blue proelium bat-tle colouring delectabant used to delight niatter) dlversus, a, um diverse, differ- colorabant iised to colour ent hodiernus, a, um of the present populus tribe [a people] day Celta Celt vestlmentum gannent slcut as (lit. so as, [vestment] just as) corium skin Germanus Gerinan con-stabant tised to con-sist capillus Jiair Note Ablative without Preposition (hastis, 7vith spears). Past Imperfect Tense of 'sum and Ist Conjug-ation ist Person 2nd Person 3rd Pkrson SINGULAR. eram, I ivas erSs, thou wast (you were) erat, he (she, it) zvas PLURAL. erfimuB, we were erStis, you were erant, they were ist Person 2nd Person 3rd Person spectSbam, / -> ^ spectSbSs, you l ^ gpectabat, he(she, it)] % spectabamua, we - ^ spectabatis, yju J-5 spectSbant, they J "c The verb 'do,' / give, has the first a short in the Past Im- perfect : dibam, dibas, dibat, dibamus, dibatis, dSbant. 8o
PREPARATIONS
§19.
KS" In this and the foUowing Preparations the verbs of the ist Con- jugation Present or Past Imperfect Tense will be given in the ist Person Sing. of ihe Prescnt.
hTc
here^ at tliis
GalHa
Gaul
point
in (with Acc.)
to, into
nonne
not ? ( = non H-
causa*
for the sake
ne ; cf. ver-
frumentum
corn
umne, §17)
armentum
herd
ille
/le {i.e. the
catulus
dog
teacher)
venaticus, a.
um
hunting
aedifico
I build, §12
servus
slave
loca (neuter)
plural of 'locus
captlvus
captive
(masc.) place
exporto
I eyport
fiimatus, a, um
fortified
frenum
bridle
quintus, a, um
fifth
vitrea (neut.
pl.)
glass vessels
Bellum Gallicum
the Gallic War (nameofone
gemma
gcni prccious sto?ie
of Caesar's
ceterl, ae, a
the others, the
works)
7-est
muiti (masc.)
maiiy (j>eopk)
cetera (neut.)
the othertJiings,
puto
Ifa?ic} think
Eng. 'etcetera
itaque
therefore,
importo
/ ifnport
accordingly
mediocricer
mode?-ateIy,
plane
altogether
tolerably
barbarus, a, um
barl>arotiS
humanus, a,
um
civilized
agrl cultfira
agriculture
[humane]
(cultivation
nec
a?id ?iot
of the land)
multum
viuch, very
etiam
even, also
dlversus a
different froin
mercatura
cojnmerce
a = ab, §1
[merchandize]
Galll
thc Gauls
Venetl
a tribe on the
west coast of Gaul
•Note the Ablative without a Prcposition, hcre meaning 'by': causa, hterally by cause or by reason ; hence for the sake. PREPARATIONS
8i
§20
mortui
the dead
sacer, sacra,
cremo
I burn
sacrum
sacrcd
sepulchrum
tomb
sacra (neut. pl.)
sacrcd ritei
[sepulchre]
cf. vera, §i6;
urna
urn
mediterranea
pulchre
beautifully
Druidae (masc.)
Druids
ornatus, a, um
ornamented
saevus, a, um
savage, cruel
fabricare
to mamifacturc
femiiia
xcoman
[fabricate]
pro victimls
instead of
in-humanus, a,
um un-civilized
(Abl.)
victims,
rota
wheel
as victims
ferriitus, a, um
fitted with iron
sacrifico
I sacrifice
animl causa
for the sake of
miser, misera.
ainusement
miserum
unhapfy,
(Ht. oftfu mind)
?niserable
esca
food, eating
crucio
I torture
medilerranea
trucldo
I slaughter
(neut. pl.)
Midlands
simulacrum
image
(midland
plenus, a, uni
filled (with ihe
parts; cf
Abl.); or///// (with the
vera, §i6)
Gcn.), §
13. §16.
humo
/ bury ■
discordia
quarrgl
ferlna*
flesh of wild
[discord]
animals.
inter se
see § 18 : inter
game
se pugnabant
victito
I live
victoria
victory
deus
god
parabant
say prepared
fanum
shrine
the way for
htcus
grove
- Note the Ablative without a Preposition, here meaning 'by
means of ' : ferin;x victitabant, they lived on ( = by means of) game.
Summary of meanings of the Ablative without a Preposition: from (§6, §12) ivith (jgi^, 17, 18, 20 after plena)
at (§9) by (§19)
in (§ 10, §i6) by means <)/"(§ 20)
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