is not necessary to state the facts conferring jurisdiction; but the judgment or determination may be stated to have been duly given or made. The facts constituting jurisdiction, however, must be established on the trial.
Pleading private statute.s. 226, Crim. Pr.
§ 7253. In pleading a private statute, or a right derived therefrom, it is sufficient to refer to the statute by its title and the day of its passage, and the court must thereupon take judicial notice thereof.
Indictment for libel.s. 227, Crim. Pr.
§ 7254. An indictment for libel need not set forth any extrinsic facts for the purpose of showing the application to the party libeled of the defamatory matter on which the indictment is founded, but it is sufficient to state generally that the same was published concerning him, and the fact that it was so published must be established on trial.
Indictment for forgery.s. 228, Crim. Pr.
§ 7255. When an instrument, which is the subject of an indictment for forgery, has been destroyed or withheld by the act or procurement of the defendant, and the fact of the destruction or withholding is alleged in the indictment and established on the trial, the misdescription of the instrument is immaterial.
Indictment for perjury.s. 229, Crim. Pr.
§ 7256. In an indictment for perjury, or subornation of perjury, it is sufficient to set forth the substance of the controversy or matter in respect to which the offense was committed, and in what court or before whom the oath alleged to be false was taken, and that the court or person before whom it was taken had authority to administer it, with proper allegations of the falsity of the matter on which the perjury is assigned; but the indictment need not set forth the pleadings, record, or proceedings with which the oath is connected, nor the commission or authority of the court or person before whom the perjury was committed.
Indictment for larceny or embezzlement.s. 230, Crim. Pr.
§ 7257 In an indictment for the larceny or embezzlement of money, bank notes, certificates of stock, or valuable securities, or for a conspiracy to cheat and defraud a person of any such property, it is sufficient to allege the larceny or embezzlement, or the conspiracy to cheat and defraud, to be of money, bank notes, certificates of stock or valuable securities, without specifying the coin, number, denomination or kind thereof.
Indictment for selling obscene books.s. 231, Crim. Pr.
§ 7258. An indictment for exhibiting, publishing, passing, selling or offering to sell, or having in possession with such intent, any lewd or obscene book, pamphlet, picture, print, card, paper or writing, need not set forth any portion of the language used or figures shown upon such book, pamphlet, picture, print, card, paper or writing, but it is sufficient to state generally the fact of the lewdness or obscenity thereof.
When there are several defendants.s. 232, Crim. Pr.
§ 7259. Upon an indictment against several defendants, any one or more may be convicted or acquitted.
Accessories and principals.s. 233, Crim. Pr.
§ 7260. The distinction between an accessory before the fact and a principal, and between principals in the first and second degree, in cases of felony, is abrogated, and all persons concerned in the commission of a felony, whether they directly commit the act constituting the offense, or aid and abet in its commission, though not present, must hereafter be indicted, tried and punished as principals, and no additional facts need be alleged in any indictment against such an accessory than are required in an indictment against his principal.
Accessory tried.s. 234, Crim. Pr. § 7261. An accessory to the commission of a felony may be indicted, tried and punished, though the principal felon be
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