r> E L H I —D E L I U S considerable industry in earthenware (“New Delft ”), gunconstruction, distilling, and the manufacture of salad oil and oil-cakes. The “ Phoenix,” or old clubhouse of the students, which was burned down in 1872, has been replaced by a handsome erection in Renaissance style. A bronze statue of Hugo Grotius was raised in 1886. The population in 1900 was 31,582. Delhi, or Dilli, a city of British India, the former capital of the Mughal Empire, now giving its name to a district and a division in the Punjab. It is situated on the right bank of the river Jumna, 954 miles from Calcutta by rail. In 1881 it had a population of 173,393, and in 1891 of 192,579. In 1901 the population was 208,385, showing a continuous increase. The municipal income in 2g97_98 was Rs.4,57,182; the death-rate in 1897 was 34 per thousand. Delhi, as the centre of the railway system of Northern India, is now regaining much of the importance it lost at the time of the Mutiny. It is the terminus of three main lines—the East Indian, the North-Western, and the Rajputana ] while the Delhi-Umballa-Kalka and the Northern Punjab companies also have stations here. The principal manufactures are gold and silver filigree-work and embroidery, jewellery, muslins, shawls, glazed pottery, and wood-carving. Since 1890 three cotton mills have been established, with 351 looms and 47,000 spindles, employing 1800 hands. There are also three flour-mills, several iron foundries, and a brush factory. A filtered water supply and sewerage works have been provided by the municipality out of a loan of Rs. 8,00,000, and a further loan of Rs.1,80,000 for improving the water supply is proposed. The institutions include St Stephen’s College, which teaches up to the M.A. degree; five high schools; Government normal school; native school of medicine subsidized by the municipality; S.P.G., Roman Catholic, and Baptist missions; sixty-four printing-presses, issuing twenty-one newspapers and periodicals; institute and reading room; Mahommedans and Hindu religious associations. The district op Delhi has an area of 1290 square miles. The population in 1881 was 643,515 and in 1891 was 638,689, being the only case in the Punjab of a decrease ; the average density was 495 persons per square mile. In 1901 the population was 688,979, showing an increase of 8 per cent. The land revenue and rates were Rs.8,90,644, the incidence of assessment being R. 1-0-8 per acre ; the cultivated area was 432,209 acres, of which 178,782 were irrigated, including 68,072 from Government canals; the number of police was 1031 ; the number of schools in 1897—98 was 237, attended by 8192 boys, being 13'8 per cent, of the boys of school-going age; the death-rate in 1897 was 33'34 per thousand. There are four factories for ginning and pressing cotton. Its northern portion is traversed by the Delhi-Umballa-Kalka Railway, and crossed by the Rajputana and Southern Punjab lines; total length, 74 miles. A new line, on the East Indian system, is now (1891) being constructed from Delhi southward to Agra through Muttra. The division op Delhi stretches from Simla to Rajputana, and is much broken up by native states. It comprises the seven districts of Hissar, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Delhi, Karnal, Umballa, and Simla. Its total area is 15,530 square miles, and in 1891 the population was 3,435,886. Delibes, Clement Philibert Leo (18361891), French composer, was born at Saint Germain du Yal on February 21, 1836. He studied at the Paris Conservatoire under Adolphe Adam, through whose influence he became accompanist at the Theatre Lyrique. Towards the same period he began writing for the theatre, and during several years he produced a number of operettas.
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Alger, a cantata from his pen, was heard at the Opera in 1865. Having become second chorus-master at the Grand Opera, he wrote the music of a ballet entitled La Source for this theatre, in collaboration with Minkous, a Russian composer. La Source was produced with great success in 1866. The composer returned to the operetta style with Malbrouk s’en va-t-en guerre,—written in collaboration with Georges Bizet, Emile Jonas, and Legouix, and given at the Theatre de 1’Athenee in 1867. Two years later came L’Ecossais de Chatou, a one-act piece, and La Cour du Lioi Petaud, a three-act opera-boufFe. The ballet Goppelia was produced at the Grand Opera on 25th May 1870 with enormous success. Delibes’s first important dramatic work was Le Eoi Va dit, a charming “ opera comique,” heard for the first time on 24th May 1873 at the Opera Comique Theatre. Three years later, on 14th June 1876, Sylvia, a ballet in three acts, one of the composer’s most delightful works, was produced at the Grand Opera. This was followed by Jean de Nivelle, a three-act opera brought out at the Opera Comique on 8th March 1880, and Lakme, in three acts produced at the same theatre on 14th April 1883, which has remained his most popular opera. The composer died in Paris on the 17th January 1891, leaving Kassya, a four-act opera, in an unfinished state. This work was completed and scored by Massenet, and produced at the Opera Comique Theatre on 24th March 1893. Leo Delibes was a typically French composer. His music is light, graceful, and refined. He excelled in ballet music, and Sylvia may well be considered a masterpiece of the genre. His operas are constructed on a conventional pattern. The harmonic texture, however, is modern, and the melodic invention abundant, while the orchestral treatment is invariably excellent. (a. he.) Delisle, Leopold Victor (1826), French historian and head of the Bibliotheque Nationale et Paris, was born at Yalognes (Manche) on 24th October 1826. In 1847 he became a student at the ]5cole des Chartes, where his career was remarkably brilliant. In 1832 he was appointed an assistant in the Manuscript Department of the Bibliotheque Nationale, and after being for some time conservator of that department, succeeded M. Taschereau as head of the entire establishment in 1874. He produced many valuable official reports, and a still greater amount of memoirs and monographs on points connected with palaeography, and the study of history and archaeology. Among his services was the acquisition for France of a portion of the Ashburnham manuscripts, including many that, before M. Delisle’s time, had been purloined from the Bibliotheque Nationale. In 1897 he commenced the publication of what is intended to be a nearly complete printed catalogue of the books in the Bibliotheque—a great enterprise destined to occupy many years in its completion. Delius, Nicolaus (1813-1888), German philologist and Shakespearean scholar, was born at Bremen on 19th October 1813. He was educated at Bonn and Berlin, and took his Doctor’s degree in 1838. After travelling for some time in England, France, and Germany, he returned to Bonn in 1846. In 1855 he was appointed Professor of Sanscrit, Provencal, and English Literature at Bonn University, a post he held until his death, which took place at Bonn, 18th November 1888. His greatest literary achievement was his scholarly edition of Shakespeare (1854-61). He also edited Wace’s St Nicholas (1850) and a volume of Provencal songs (1853), and published a Shakspere-Lexikon (1852). His original works include : Ueber das englische Theaterwesen zu Shakspere s Zeit (1853), Gedichte (1853), Der Sardinische Dialekt des
