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202
THE DECLINE AND FALL
[Chap xxxix

the object of Augustus to conceal the introduction of monarchy; it was the policy of Theodoric to disguise the reign of a Bar- barian.[1] If his subjects were sometimes awakened from this pleasing vision of a Koman government, they derived more substantial comfort from the character of a Gothic prince who had penetration to discern, and firmness to pursue, his own and the public interest. Theodoric loved the virtues which he possessed, and the talents of which he was destitute. Liberius

[Ad. 493-500]

was promoted to the office of praetorian praefect for his unshaken fidelity to the unfortunate cause of Odoacer. The ministers of Theodoric, Cassiodorius[2] and Boethius, have reflected on his reign the lustre of their genius and learning. More prudent or more fortunate than his colleague, Cassiodorius preserved his own esteem without forfeiting the royal favour; and, after passing thirty years in the honours of the world, he was blessed with an equal term of repose in the devout and studious solitude of Squillace.

Prosperity of Rome

As the patron of the republic, it was the interest and duty of the Gothic king to cultivate the affections of the senate[3] and people. The nobles of Rome were flattered by sonorous epithets and formal professions of respect, which had been more justly applied to the merit and authority of their ancestors. The people enjoyed, without fear or danger, the three blessings of a capital, order, plenty, and public amusements. A visible diminution of their numbers may be found even in the measure of liberality;[4] yet Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily poured their tribute of corn into the granaries of Borne ; an allowance of

bread and meat was distributed to the indigent citizens ; and

  1. See the Gothic history of Procopius (1. i.e. 1 ; 1. ii. c. 6), the epistles of Cassiodorius (passim, but especially the vth and vith books, which contain the formulae, or patents of offices), and the Civil History of Giannone (torn. i. 1. ii. iii.). The Gothic counts, which he places in every Italian city, are annihilated, however, by Maffei (Verona Illustrata, p. i. 1. viii. p. 227) ; for those of Syracuse and Naples (Var. vi. 22, 23) were special and temp rary commissions. [Cp. Mommsen, Neues Archiv, 14, 499 sqq.]
  2. Two Italians of the name of Cassiodorius, the father (Var. i. 24, 40) and the son (ix. 24, 25), were successively employed in the administration of Theodoric. The son was born in the year 479 : his various epistles as quaestor, master of the offices, and praetorian praefect, extend from 509 [possibly 507] to 539, and he lived as a monk about thirty years (Tiraboschi Storia della Letteratura Italiana, torn. iii. p. 7-24. Fabricius, Bibliot. Lat. Med. iEvi, torn. i. p. 357, 358, edit. Mansi). [Cp. Appendix 1.]
  3. See his regard for the senate in Cochlceus (Vit. Theod. viii. p. 72-80).
  4. No more than 120,000 modii, or four thousand quarters (Anonym. Valesian., p. 721 [§ 67], and Var. i. 35 ; vi. 18 ; xi. 5, 39).