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52 THE DECLINE AND FALL [Chap, xxxvi the dominion of Pannonia. He preferred the service of the Italian princes, the successors of Valentinian ; and, as he possessed the qualifications of courage, industry, and experience, he advanced with rapid steps in the military profession, till he was elevated, by the favour of Nepos himself, to the dignities of patrician and master-general of the troops. These troops had been long accustomed to reverence the character and authority of Orestes, who affected their manners, conversed with them in their own language, and was intimately connected with their national chieftains, by long habits of familiarity and friendship. At his solicitation they rose in arms against the obscure Greek, who presumed to claim their obedience ; and, when Orestes, from some secret motive, declined the purple, they consented, with the same facility, to acknowledge his son ms eon Au- Augustulus as the emperor of the West. By the abdication theus't 8 ' of Nepos, Orestes had now attained the summit of his ambitious tn n e P we 8 r t of hopes ; but he soon discovered, before the end of the first year, that the lessons of perjury and ingratitude, which a rebel must inculcate, will be retorted against himself; and that the pre- carious sovereign of Italy was only permitted to choose whether he would be the slave or the victim of his Barbarian mercen- aries. The dangerous alliance of these strangers had oppressed and insulted the last remains of Roman freedom and dignity. At each revolution, their pay and privileges were augmented ; but their insolence increased in a still more extravagant degree ; they envied the fortune of their brethren in Gaul, Spain, and Africa, whose victorious arms had acquired an independent and perpetual inheritance ; and they insisted on their peremp- tory demand that a third part of the lands of Italy should be immediately divided among them. Orestes, with a spirit which, in another situation, might be entitled to our esteem, chose rather to encounter the rage of an armed multitude than to subscribe the ruin of an innocent people. He rejected the audacious demand; and his refusal was favourable to the ambition of Odoacer : a bold Barbarian, who assured his fellow soldiers that, if they dared to associate under his command, they might soon extort the justice which had been denied to their dutiful petitions. From all the camps and garrisons of Italy, the confederates, actuated by the same resentment and the same hopes, impatiently flocked to the standard of this