1751. The Rohillá insurrection crushed by the imperial troops, with the aid of the Maráthás.
1751-1752. Second invasion from Afghánistán by Ahmad Sháh Durání, and cession of the Punjab to him.
1754. Deposition of the emperor, and accession of Alamgír II.
1756. Third invasion from Afghánistán by Ahmad Sháh Durání, and sack of Delhi.
1759. Fourth invasion of Ahmad Sháh Durání, and murder of the emperor Alamgír II. by his prime minister, Gházi-ud-dín. Maráthá conquests in Northern India, and their capture of Delhi.
1761-1805. Third battle of Pánípat, and defeat of the Maráths by the Afgháns (1761). The nominal emperor on the death of Alamgír II. is Sháh Alam II., who resides till 1771, at Allahábád, a pensioner of the British. The Maráthás then practically become masters of the Delhi territories and of the person of the emperor. The emperor is blinded and imprisoned by rebels; rescued by the Maráthaá, but virtually a prisoner in their hands till 1803, when the Maráthá power is overthrown by Lord Lake.
1806-1837. Akbar II. succeeds as emperor, under British protection, but only to the nominal dignity.
1837-1862. Muhammad Bahádur Sháh, the seventeenth Mughal emperor, and last of the race of Timur. For his complicity in the Mutiny of 1857 he was banished to Rangoon, where he died in 1862.
Materials for Reference.
The original sources for the Mughal Period are Sir Henry Elliot's eight volumes, Blochmann's Aín-í-Akbari, with Gladwin's older translation, Briggs' Firishta, and other works cited at p. 131. The popular narrative is still Elphinstone's History of India. Among valuable monographs may be cited Edward Thomas's Revenue Resources of the Mughal Empire, General Cunningham's letter on Some Copper Coins of Akbar (Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1885), Aurangzeb's Letters (Persian lithograph), and the biographical or autobiographical memoirs of Bábar and other of the Mughal emperors, Graf Noer's Kaiser Akbar (Leiden, 1880), Erskine's History of India, &c., under Bábar and Humáyún, and the narratives of Bernier, Tavemier, and other travellers during the Mughal period. Mr. Stanley Lane-Poole's History of the Moghul Emperors of Hindustan, illustrated by their Coins (1892), gives a correct historical outline of the period together with valuable original data. The volumes on Akbar and Aurangzeb in the Rulers of India Series furnish a graphic account of the rise, the meridian and the fall of the Mughal empire.
