126; Muhammad Tughlak, his cruelties, revenue exactions, 124-126; Fíruz Sháh Tughlak, his canals, 126; Timúr's invasion (1398), 126; the Sayyid and Lodi dynasties, 127; Hindu, kingdoms of the south—Vijayanagar, 127, 128; the Muhammadan States in the Deccan, 128; the Bahmaní dynasty, 128, 129; the five Muhammadan States of the Deccan (1489-1688), 129; downfall of Vijayanagar, 129, 130; independence of the Muhammadan Provinces, 130; weakness of the early Delhi empire, 130, 131; materials for reference, 131.
CHAPTER X.
The Mughal Dynasty (1526-1761) 132-155
Bábar's invasion of India and overthrow of the Lodi dynasty at Pánípat (1526;, 132; Humáyún's reign (1530-1556), 132, 133; his defeat by Sher Sháh, the Afghán, 133; he flies to Persia, but regains India as the result of the second battle of Pánípat (1556), 133; Akbar the Great (1556-1605), chronological summary of his reign, 133, 134; the regent Bairám, 134; Akbar's work in India, reduction of Muhammadan States and the Rájput clans, 134-136; his policy of conciliation towards the Hindus, 135, 136; his conquests in Southern India, 136, 137; his religious faith, 137, 138; Akbar's organization of the Empire, 138, 139; his revenue survey of India, 139; his ministers, 140; Jahángír (1605-1627), his wars and conquests, 140; the Empress Núr Jahán, 140, 141; Jahángír's personal character, 141, 142; Sháh Jahán (1628-1658), his administration and wars, 142, 143; his great architectural works at Agra and Delhi, 143; his revenues, 143, 144; deposed by his rebellious son, Aurangzeb, 144; Aurangzeb's reign (1658-1707), 144-150; chronological summary of his reign, 144, 145; he murders his brothers, 145, 146; his great campaign in Southern India, 146, 147; his war with the Maráthás, and death, 147, 148; Mír Jumlá's unsuccessful expedition to Assam, 148; Aurangzeb's bigoted policy and oppression of the Hindus, 148, 149; revenue of the empire, 149, 150; character of Aurangzeb, 150; decline of the Mughal power under the succeeding nominal Emperors, 150, 151; independence of the Deccan and of Oudh, 151; Maráthá, Sikh, and Rájput revolts, 151; the invasions of Nádir Sháh the Persian, and Ahmád Sháh the Afghán, 151, 152; misery of the country, 152, 153; decline and downfall of the Empire, 153; India conquered by the British, not from the Mughals, but from the Hindus, 154; chronological summary of principal events from the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, till the banishment of Bahádur Sháh, the last Mughal Emperor, for complicity in the Mutiny of 1857, 154, 155; materials for reference, 155.
