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day he crossed the Suir at Carrick, and on the 24th arrived before Waterford with 5,000 foot and 2,500 horse. After lying before the city for a week, and finding himself unable to reduce it, he resolved to seek winter quarters elsewhere; and the 2nd December commenced his march towards Dungarvan, which, with other towns throughout Munster that had gone over to the Parliament, would afford secure winter quarters. Butlerstown Castle was seized and blown up. Kilmeadan, on the banks of the Suir, was destroyed, the owner was hanged, and his property, extending from Kilmeadan to Tramore, was afterwards divided among the soldiers. Curraghmore, the seat of another branch of the same family, was saved from destruction by the courage of its owner. Dunhill Castle offered a stubborn resistance, not surrendering until part of the walls was beaten down by the artillery, and the garrison weakened by repeated assaults. On the evening of the 4th the army reached Dungarvan, and proceeded without delay to invest the place, as the townsmen seem to have repented of their hasty submission to Lord Broghill, and made preparations for defence. Terrified, however, at the presence of Cromwell, they surrendered at discretion. On the 5th Cromwell entered Youghal, where fresh supplies from England awaited him. Here he established winter quarters for himself and for a part of the army—his residence being a castle the remains of which are still in existence. The rest of the army he distributed through the towns that had lately submitted to the Parliament. General Jones died at Dungarvan, from the hardships of the campaign. During the winter Cromwell made excursions with Lord Broghill, to Cork, Kinsale, Bandon, and other places of strength. The Catholic inhabitants of the city of Cork had been driven out, and even some of the Protestant bishops and clergy, we are told, escaped with difficulty the ire of Cromwell's soldiery. On the 4th of December, the Catholic prelates, to the number of twenty, met at Clonmacnoise, and published an address to the people of Ireland, calling on them to forget their past feuds, and to join in resisting Cromwell. From Youghal, in January 1650, Cromwell issued "A Declaration of the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland for the undeceiving of deluded and seduced people,… in answer to certain late declarations and acts framed by the Irish Popish Prelates and Clergy in a conventicle at Clonmacnoise" In this document he says: "You warn the people of their danger, which you make to consist in the extirpation of the Catholic religion, in the destruction of their lives, and in the ruin of their fortunes. Concerning the losing of their religion, you tell them of resolutions to extirpate the Catholic religion out of all his Majesty's dominions, and you instance Cromwell's letter to the Governor of Boss. By what law was the mass ever exercised in any of the dominions of England or Ireland? You were open violators of the known laws. And now for the people of Ireland, I do particularly declare what they may expect at my hands on this point. I shall not, where I have power, and the Lord is pleased to bless me, suffer the exercise of the mass where I can take notice of it." Cromwell took the field once more on the 29th of January, the weather being unusually favourable. His forces were considerably less than when he had landed in Dublin, though they had been largely recruited from the garrisons that had revolted to the Parliament, and from the English who had been made prisoners in the captured fortresses. Ormond, with a great part of the Confederate army, was in winter quarters at Kilkenny. Thither Cromwell led his troops with all possible speed. The following is Cromwell's account of the campaign: "Having refreshed our men for some short time in our winter quarters, and health being pretty well recovered, we thought fit to take the field, and to attempt such things as God by his providence should lead us to upon the enemy. Our resolution was to fall upon the enemy's quarters in two ways. The one party, being about fifteen or sixteen troops of horse and dragoons, and about 2,000 foot, were ordered to go up by the way of Carrick into the County of Kilkenny, under the command of Colonel Reynolds, whom Major-General Ireton was to follow with a reserve. I myself was to go by the way of Mallow over the Blackwater towards the County of Limerick and the County of Tipperary, with about twelve troops of horse and three troops of dragoons, and between two and three hundred foot." Barryscourt was spared, we are told, the owner having when a young man released Cromwell from financial difficulties in Holland. "Upon Thursday, the one-and-thirtieth, I possessed a castle called Kilkenny, upon the edge of the County of Limerick, where I left thirty foot. From thence I marched to a strong house belonging to Sir Richard Everard, called Clogheen, who is one of the Supreme Council, where I left a troop of horse and some dragoons. From thence I marched to Roghill Castle, which was possessed

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