called in Spanish 'pua,' and that it is the practice to insert a plate of the same substance in the belly below the soundhole to prevent the plectrum scratching. The bandurria has twelve strings timed in pairs, the higher three notes of catgut the lower of silk overspun with metal. It is tuned much more deeply than the Mandoline. The compass is in all three octaves.
The Spanish 'Estudiantina,' in London 1879, had eleven bandurrias in their band and six guitars.
The most recent instruction-book for the Neapolitan Mandoline is by Signer Carmine de Laurentiis, and is published by Ricordi, Milan. Our illustration is from an instrument in the possession of Mr. Carl Engel.
Beethoven's friend Krumpholz was a virtuoso on the Mandoline, and this probably explains the fact of Beethoven's having written a piece for the instrument (Thayer, ii. 49). The autograph is to be found in the volume of MS. sketches and fragments preserved in the British Museum, Add. MSS. 29,801. Though entitled 'Sonatina per il Mandolina. Composta da L. v. Beethoven,' it is only in one movement, and is here printed probably for the first time. It will be observed that the phrase with which the Trio (C major) begins is the same which Beethoven afterwards used in the Allegretto of op. 14, No. 1. [App. p.709 "the Sonatine, also an Adagio in E♭ for the Mandoline and Cembalo are given in the supplemental volume for Beethoven's works (B. & H. 1887)."]
