ă as a in cat (Dorsey’s ä).
b occurs only once, in a proper name.
c as sh in she.
d rarely used (see t and ṭ).
dȼ as d followed by a barely audible dh sound approximating the Sanskrit ddh.
dj as j in judge.
e as in they; ē, the same lengthened.
ĕ as in get.
ê like the French ê orè.
f rarely used, and then owing probably to faulty hearing.
g as in go, seldom heard.
h as in he.
i as in machine; ī, the same lengthened.
ĭ as in it.
j as in French, or as English z in azure.
k as in kick.
x = kh, or ch as in German ach (Dorsey’s q,.
x̣ a sound heard at the end of certain syllables; barely audible and nearer h than x(kh)[1]—Dorsey’s ɥ.
ḳ a medial sound, between g and k (Dorsey’s ʞ).
l occurs only in two modern names.
m as in me.
n as in no.
ñ before a k-mute, ng as in sing, singer, but not as ng in finger.
ⁿ a vanishing n, barely audible, as in the French bon, vin, etc., occurring after certain vowels.
o as in no; ō, the same lengthened.
p as in pen.
p̣ a medial sound, between b and p (Dorsey’s d).
r occurs in one proper name.
s as in so.
t as in to.
ṭ a medial t, between d and t (Dorsey’s ʇ).
tc as tch in catch.
tç as t followed by a slightly audible th (as in thin, the surd of dȼ).
u as in rule; ū, the same lengthened.
û as oo in foot (Dorsey’s ŭ).
ŭ as u in but (Dorsey’s û).
ụ a sound between o in no and u in rule.
ü like German ü and French u.
w as in we.
y as in you.
- ↑ Nevertheless, probably the palatal spirant and so to be classed with x—J.R.S.
