them to eat vetch) and make them fall off (fade away)
from the world. Y. Maas. Sh. II, 53a בכרשיני. . . קל (read;
בכרשינין) they made the law concerning carsh. less string-
ent. Ib. כ׳ של עיסה a dough made of c. - Mel. III, 6 כרשיני
הקדש; Tosef. ib. I, 21 כרשני ed. Zuck. (some ed. שני כר,
corr. acc.), v. הקדשש; a. fr. -- Koh. R. to VI, 1בפלפלי כרשנים
he who puts vetch into pepper; (Tosef. B. Bath. V, 6
כוסברת).
כרשני, כרשנים, v. preced.
כרשתינא, כרשתנא, v. כרושתינא.
כרת, v. כרית.
כרת (b. h.; cmp. כרה) 1) to cut. Num. R. s. 16 ונקרא וכ׳ לכרות .. . אשכול and he (Abraham's ally) was named Eshkol (tCluster), on account of the cluster of grapes which the lsraelites were destined to cut in his home. -- Esp. to cut genitals, mutilate. Bekh. 38b כורת אחר נותק, v. נתק. -- Part. pass. כרות. Ib.; a. fr. -- שפכה כ׳ one that is mutilated at his membrum, v. שפך. Tosef. Yeb. XI, 2. Yeb. VIII, 2; a. fr. -- 2) [to draw a circle, place outside, cmp. meanings of חרם, ברי,] to cut off, excommunicate, v. כרת. Y. Bicc. II, beg. 64c; Y. Snh. XI, 30b עונשין . . . צא וכורתים deduct twenty years up to which age the divine court neither punishes nor decrees excision. --- 3) to sep- arate, divorce; to make final. Gitt. 21b; Succ. 24b (ref. to Deut. XXIV, 3) וכ׳ כורתה ספר the delivery of the deed divorces her and nothing else does. Ib. בינו הבורת דבר לבינה something (a condition) which (if fulfilled) severs definitely the connection between him and her (e. g. a. condition that she will drink no wine for the next thirty days, after the lapse of which time the letter of divorce takes its efect retroactively, opp. to a condition that she will abstain from wine all the rest of her life in which case the letter of divorce cannot take effect). -- Part. pass. כרות definite. Y. Gitt. VII, 48d הוא כ׳ כגט it is like a final divorce (taking effect immediately); Y. B. Bath. VIII, 16c top הוא כ׳. Y. Gitt.III, 44d top; IX, 50b bot. וזה לשמה כ׳ זה לשמה כ׳ (not זו) this letter was definitely made out for this woman, and so was the other for the other woman. Ib. III, beg. 44c ראשונה . . . כ׳ לה הי׳ שלא אלא (strike out לה); a. fr. -- 3) to decide, make final. Ber. 4a; Snh. 16b (ref. to כרתי as a symbolical name for the rim and Tummim, or for the Sanhedrin) דבריהם את שכורתים they give def- inite and precise decisions; Midr. Till. to Ps. III כורתי כריתות, v. כריתה; a. e. -- ברית כ׳ (v. ברית) to covenant, make a firm promise. Gen. R. s. 44 וכ׳ עם ב׳ כרת thou hast promised to Noah that thou wilt not destroy his descend- ants; Yalk. Gen. 76 כרתה. -- Part. pass. כרות, f. כרותה. M. Kat. 18a, a. fr. לשפתים כ׳ ברית, v. ברית. R. Hash. 17b וכ׳ מדות לי״ג כ׳ ב׳ there is a solemn insurance given that the invocation of the thirteen divine attributest(Ex. XXXIV, 6, sq.) will never be without effect (ref. to Ex. ib. 10). -- Trnsf. כ׳ ב׳ it is a necessity, unavoidable. Nidd. 58b שכל לו כ׳ ב׳ וכ׳ whoever crushes it cannot help smelling it. Nif. נכרת 1) to be cut, mutilated. Yeb. VIII, 2 (expl. שפכה כרות, Deut. XXIII, 2) הגיד ש׳ כל when the mem- brum is mutilated. Ib. 75b ביצים נכרתו when the testicles are cut out; a. fr. -- 2) to be covenanted. Sot. 37b שלא וכ׳ עליה נכרתם upon which were not closed forty eight covenants; Tosef. ib. VIII, 11; a. fr. -- 3) to be cut off, destroy- ed. Y. Peah I, 15d bot. (ref. to Num. XV, 31) שהנפש מלמד בה ועונה נכרתה which intimates that (the idolator's) soul is cut off (through premature death, כדת), while her guilt remains with her (unexpiated by death); Snh. 64b (ref. to the emphasized expression תכ׳ הכרת, Num. l. c.) הכרת וכ׳ בעו״הז hiccareth refers to this world &c.; a. fr. -- Verbal noun היכרת, v. כרת.
ifהכרית todestroy, exterminate. Tanh. R'eh 7 והכריתם and exterminate them. Ib. וכ׳ כשיכרית when the Lord . . .. shall have destroyed. .., you will enter. Tosef. Snh. IV, 5 וכ׳ זרעו להכרית to exterminate the seed of Amalek; a. fr. Pi. כרת to doom to destruction. Arakh. 15b כרתו שכבר וכ׳ for David has doomed him &c. (ref. to Ps. XII, 4); Yalk. Lev. 559.
כרת ch. same, esp. to separate, divorce. Gitt. 21b, a. fr. כרתי מסירה עידי it is the witnesses of delivery (in whose presence the deed of divorce is handed to the wife) that effect the divorce (and the signature of the witnesses is unessential); opp. to כרתי חתימה עידי it is the signing witnesses &c. -- Imper. כרות (only in) גיטא כ׳ make the divorce final, definite (v. preced.). Ib. 9a משוס טעמא היינו היא ג׳ כ׳ דלאו the reason (that the manumission of the slave is not lawful) is because the form was not in com- pliance with the rule, make the divorce definite'; B. Bath. 150b.
כרת f. (= הכרת, v. כרת Nif.) excommunication, ex- termination; (in Talm. law) divine punishment through premature or sudden death, opp. to אדם בידי מיתה capital punishment. Snh. 60b הוא כ׳ . . דבח is not laughtering consecrated animals outside oftheTemple punishable with extinction?, opp. קטלא death by execution. M. Kat. 28a כ׳ מיתת היא זו שנה בחמשים מת if one dies at the age of fifty, that is death of divine visitation; Y. Bicc. II, beg. 64c בהיכרת; Treat. S'mah. III, 8 בהכרת. Ib. 10 מה וכי בהכרת שמיתתם מודיענו what is there to indicate that they died by divine visitation?; Y. l. c. 64d top בהיכרת שהוא. -- M. Kat. l. c. מכ׳ לי נפקי Ihave escaped the punishment of kareth (being sixty years old). Ib. דשני כ׳ the kareth of years, premature death; דיומי כ׳ the k. of days, sudden death. Hull. 31a כ׳ עון a transgression punishable with k., opp. מיתה איסור. Macc. III, 15 (23a) כריתן מידי נפטרו Ms. M. (ed. כריתתם ידי) are released from k. (which would otherwise await them). lIb. 13b באחותו כ׳ יצאת ולמה why is the punishment of k. specifically mentioned with ref- erence to incest with a sister (Lev. XX, 17, being included in Lev. XVIII, 29)? -- Gen. R. s. 28 (ref. to כרתים, Zeph. II, 5, v. Targ. a. l.) כ׳ ראוי שהוא גוי a nation deserving ex- termination; (Yalk. Zeph. 567 ליכרת ראוי); a. v. fr. - Pl. כריתות (fr. כריתה). Ker. I, 1 בתורה כ׳ ושש שלשים there are thirty six transgressions mentioned in the Torah as (eventually) punishable with kareth. Macc. III, 15, a. fr. כ׳ חייבי those on whose transgressions the penalty of k. is pronounced; a. fr. -- K'rithoth, a treatise of the Mish- nah, Tosefta, and Talmud Babli, of the Order of Kodashim.
