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6
Mandarin Grammar.
Part I.
The following table will show how the orthography here adopted differs from those of Morrison and Medhurst, Premáre, Callery, and the Chinese Repository.
| Morrison. | Premáre. | Callery. | Repository. | ||
| pí | pe | pi | pi | pí | 比 |
| pih | pieh | pǐ | pǐ | pih | 筆 |
| shï | she | chi | xe | shí | 詩 |
| sï | sze | se | se | sz’ | 思 |
| tsï | tsze | tsee | tze | tsz’ | 兹 |
| pen | pun | pen | pen | pan | 本 |
| jen | jin | jin | jen | jin | 人 |
| shè | shay | she | shee | shiè | 蛇 |
| teh | tih | tě | tee | teh | 得 |
| tá | ta | ta | ta | tá | 大 |
| kúng | kung | kong | kum | kúng | 公 |
| tó | to | to | tô | tó | 多 |
| pú | poo | pou | pu | pú | 布 |
| sheng | săng | seng | xem | sang | 生 |
| lieú | lew | lieou | lieu | liú | 留 |
| kiüen | keuen | küen | kiüen | kiuen | 卷 |
| lún | lun | lün | luen | lún | 論 |
| káú | kaou | kao | kao | kaú | 告 |
| súi | suy | soui | suei | sui | 雖 |
| kièn | këen | kien | kièn | kien | 見 |
| rï | urh | eull | ell | rh’ | 兒 |
The only remaining symbols to be noticed are those for tones. The Chinese use a small circle at one of the four corners of the character to mark the tone. Instead of this mark, a comma turned away from the word, will be employed for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th tones, and a full stop for the fifth tone. Thus 梯 ,t‘i, 體 ’t‘i, 替 t‘i‘, 惕 t‘ih⹁, 題 .t‘i. The Chinese names of the tone-classes to which these five words respectively belong, are 上平 shang p‘ing, 上聲 shang sheng, 去聲 k’ü sheng, 去聲 juh sheng
