as neuter, and change the final ة into ت, and drop the ٌ tanwīn; as نِعْمةٌ niﻉmaṭun, a benefit, written نِعْمت: and, indeed, nouns ending in ت, are, for the most part, borrowed from the Arabs.
Of Case, (
Persian characters)
58. Persian nouns have no variety of termination corresponding with
the " cases " of European Grammars ; but, when it is necessary so to
construe them as to give a sense equivalent to these cases, we may either
use a particle, or add the vowel kesrah to the preceding word. This
k͏̤es͏̤rah is generally termed (Persian characters), the k͏̤es͏̤rah of description.
59. An equivalent to a nominative will stand in need of no such ad-
dition. A genitive will be obtained, either by adding the k͏̤es͏̤rah, as
above, or by using a particle, as (Persian characters) marday khudā, a man of God ;
or (Persian characters) khātamay az zar, a seal of gold ; where (Persian characters) is equivalent
to of or out of: or (Persian characters) asprā k͏̈īn, the horse's saddle; where (Persian characters) is equivalent to to, or for.
60. But if the preceding word end in silent s, ( Art. 29 ) k͏̤es͏̤rah, when
added, must receive the soft h͏̤amz͏̈ah ( Art. 33 ) as ā chashmaăy ḥaiwāṅ, the fountain of life. If, however, such word terminate in
the aspirated s ( Art. 29 ), then the k͏̤es͏̤rah will be added, as before :
e. g. (Persian characters) rahăy bāghbāṅ, the path of the gardener.
61. If the preceding word end in either (Persian characters) or (Persian characters), quiescing in its
homogeneous vowel, respectively (Art. 30), the soft h͏̤amz͏̈ah will also be
