Gal. iv. 16. b. to profess the truth (true doctrine): Eph. iv. 15. [R. V. mrg. in both pass. to deal truly.]*
ἀληθής, -ές, (α priv. and λήθω, λαθεῖν [λανθάνω], τὸ λῆθος,—cf. ἀμαθής; lit. not hidden, unconcealed), [fr. Hom. down]; 1. true: Jn. iv. 18; x. 41; xix. 35; 1 Jn. ii. 8, 27; Acts xii. 9 (an actual occurrence, opp. to ὅραμα); Phil. iv. 8; μαρτυρία, Jn. v. 31 sq.; viii. 13 sq. 17; xxi. 24; 3 Jn. 12; Tit. i. 13; κρίσις, just, Jn. viii. 16 (L Τ Tr WH ἀληθινή); παροιμία, 2 Pet. ii. 22; χάρις, grace which can be trusted, 1 Pet. v. 12. 2. loving the truth, speaking the truth, truthful: Mt. xxii. 16; Mk. xii. 14; Jn. vii. 18; 2 Co. vi. 8 (opp. to πλάνος); of God, Jn. iii. 33; viii. 26; Ro. iii. 4 (opp. to ψεύστης). 3. i. q. ἀληθινός, 1: Jn. vi. 55 (L T Tr WH; for Rec. ἀληθῶς), as in Sap. xii. 27, where ἀληθὴς θεός is contrasted with οὓς ἐδόκουν θεούς. Cf. Rückert, Abendmahl, p. 266 sq. [On the distinction betw. this word and the next, see Trench § viii.; Schmidt ch. 178, 6.]*
ἀληθινός, -ἡ, -όν, (freq. in prof. writ. fr. Plato down; [twenty-three times in Jn.’s writ.; only five (acc. to Lchm. six) times in the rest of the N. T.]); 1. “that which has not only the name and semblance, but the real nature corresponding to the name” (Tittmann p. 155; [“particularly applied to express that which is all that it pretends to be, for instance, pure gold as opp. to adulterated metal” Donaldson, New Crat. § 258; see, at length, Trench § viii.]), in every respect corresponding to the idea signified by the name, real and true, genuine; a. opp. to what is fictitious, counterfeit, imaginary, simulated, pretended: θεός (אֱלֹהֵי אֱמֶת, 2 Chr. xv. 3), 1 Th. i. 9; Heb. ix. 14 Lchm.; Jn. xvii. 3; 1 Jn. v. 20. (ἀληθινοὶ φίλοι, Dem. Phil. 3, p. 113, 27.) b. it contrasts realities with their semblances: σκηνή, Heb. viii. 2; the sanctuary, Heb. ix. 24. (ὁ ἵππος contrasted with ὁ ἐν τῇ εἰκόνι, Aεl. v. h. 2, 3.) c. opp. to what is imperfect, defective, frail, uncertain: Jn. iv. 23, 37; vii. 28; used without adjunct of Jesus as the true Messiah, Rev. iii. 7; φῶς, Jn. i. 9; 1 Jn. ii. 8; κρίσις, Jn. viii. 16 (L T Tr WH; Is. lix. 4); κρίσεις, Rev. xvi. 7; xix. 2; ἄρτος, as nourishing the soul unto life everlasting, Jn. vi. 32; ἄμπελος, Jn. xv. 1; μαρτυρία, Jn. xix. 35; μάρτυς, Rev. iii. 14; δεσπότης, Rev. vi. 10; ὁδοί, Rev. xv. 3; coupled with πιστός, Rev. iii. 14; xix. 11; substantively, τὸ ἀληθινόν the genuine, real good, opp. to external riches, Lk. xvi. 11, ([οἷς μὲν γὰρ ἀληθινὸς πλοῦτος ἐν οὐρανῷ, Philo de praem. et poen. § 17, p. 425 ed. Mang.; cf. Wetst. on Lk. l. c.]; ἀθληταί, Polyb. 1, 6, 6). 2. i. q. ἀληθής, τrue, veracious, sincere, (often so in Sept.): καρδία, Heb. x. 22 (μετ’ ἀληθείας ’ν καρδίᾳ ἀληθινὴ, Is. xxxviii. 3); λόγοι, Rev. [xix. 9]; xxi. 5; xxii. 6, (Plut. apoph. p. 184 e.). [Cf. Cremer 4te Aufl. s. v. ἀλήθεια.]*
ἀλήθω; (a com. Grk. form for the Attic ἀλέω, cf. Lob. ad Phryn. p. 151); to grind: Mt. xxiv. 41; Lk. xvii. 35. It was the custom to send women and female slaves to the mill-houses [?] to turn the hand-mills (Ex. xi. 5), who were called by the Greeks γυναῖκες ἀλετρίδες (Hom. Od. 20, 105); [cf. B. D. s. v. Mill].*
ἀληθῶς, adv., [fr. Aeschyl. down], truly, of a truth, in reality; most certainly; Jn. i. 47 (48); iv. 42; vi. 14, 55 Rec.; vii. 26, 40; viii. 31; xvii. 8; Mt. xiv. 33; xxvi. 73; [Mk. xiv. 70; Mt.] xxvii. 54; [Mk. xv. 39]; Lk. ix. 27; xii. 44; xxi. 3; Acts xii. 11; 1 Th. ii 13; 1 Jn. ii. 5.*
ἁλιεύς, -έως, ὁ, (ἅλς, ἁλός, the sea), [fr. Hom. down]; a fisherman, fisher: Mt. iv. 18 sq.; Mk. i. 16 sq.; Lk. ν. 2,—in all which pass. T and WH have ἁλεεῖς fr. the form ἀλεεύς, q. v.*
ἁλιεύω; (ἁλιεύς); to fish: Jn. xxi. 8. [Philo, Plut.]*
ἁλίζω: (ἅλς, ἁλός, salt); to salt, season with salt, sprinkle with salt; only the fut. pass. is found in the N. T.: ἐν τίνι ἁλισθήσεται; by what means can its saltness be restored? Mt. v. 13; θυσία ἁλὶ ἁλισθήσεται, the sacrifice is sprinkled with salt and thus rendered acceptable to God, Mk. ix. 49 [R G L Tr txt. br.], (Lev. ii. 13; Ezek. xliii. 24; Joseph. antt. 3, 9, 1; cf. Knobel on Lev. p. 369 sq.; Win. RWB. s. v. Salz; [BB.DD. s. v. Salt]); πᾶς πυρὶ ἁλισθήσεται, every true Christian is rendered ripe for a holy and happy association with God in his kingdom by fire, i. e. by the pain of afflictions and trials, which if endured with constancy tend to purge and strengthen the soul, Mk. ix. 49. But this extremely difficult passage is explained differently by others; [cf. Meyer, who also briefly reviews the history of its exposition]. (Used by the Sept., Aristot., [cf. Soph. Lex.]; Ignat. ad Magnes. 10 [shorter form] ἁλίσθητε ἐν Χριστῷ, ἵνα μὴ διαφθαρῇ τις ἐν ὑμῖν.) [Comp.: συν-αλίζω,—Buτ see the word.]*
ἀλίσγημα, -τος, τό, (ἀλισγέω to pollute, which occurs Sir. xl. 29; Dan. i. 8; Mal. i. 7, 12; akin to ἀλίνω ἀλινέω to besmear [Lat. linere, cf. Lob. Pathol. Element. p. 21; Rhemat. p. 123; Steph., Hesych., Sturz, De Dial. Alex. p. 145]), pollution, contamination: Acts xv. 20 (τοῦ ἀπέχεσθαι κτλ. to beware of pollution from the use of meats left from the heathen sacrifices, cf. vs. 29). Neither ἀλισγέω nor ἀλέσγημα occurs in Grk. writ.*
ἀλλά, an adversative particle, derived from ἄλλα, neut. of the adj. ἄλλος, which was originally pronounced ἀλλός (cf. Klotz ad Devar. ii. p. 1 sq.), hence properly, other things sc. than those just mentioned. It differs from δέ, as the Lat. at and sed from autem, [cf. W. 441 sq. (411)]. Ι. But. So related to the preceding words that it serves to introduce 1. an opposition to concessions; nevertheless, notwithstanding: Mt. xxiv. 6; Mk. xiii. 20; xiv. 28; Jn. xvi. 7, 20; Acts iv. 17; vii. 48; Ro. v. 14 sq.; x. 16; 1 Co. iv. 4; 2 Co. vii. 6; Phil. ii. 27 (ἀλλ’ ὁ θεός etc.), etc. 2. an objection: Jn. vii. 27; Ro. x. 18 sq.; 1 Co. xv. 35; Jas. ii. 18. 3. an exception: Lk. xxii. 53; Ro. iv. 2; 1 Co. viii. 7; x. 23; 4. a restriction: Jn. xi. 42; Gal. iv. 8; Mk. xiv. 36. 5. an ascensive transition or gradation, nay rather, yea moreover: Jn. xvi. 2; 2 Co. i. 9; esp. with καί added, Lk. xii. 7; xvi. 21; xxiv. 22. ἀλλ’ οὐδέ, but . . . not even (Germ. ja nicht einmal): Lk. xxiii. 15; Acts xix. 2; 1 Co. iii. 2 [Rec. οὔτε]; cf. Fritzsche on Mk. p. 157. 6. or forms a transition to the cardinal matter, especially before imperatives: Mt. ix. 18; Mk.
