Page:A History of Art in Ancient Egypt Vol 2.djvu/254

2 26 A History of Art in Ancient Egypt. § 3. Sculp tu7'e under the First Theban Enipii'e. After the sixth dynasty comes an obscure and barren period, whose duration and general character are still unknown to egyptologists. Order began to be re-established in the eleventh dynasty, under the Entefs and Menthouthoteps, but the monu- ments found in more ancient Theban tombs are rude and awkward in an extreme degree, as Mariette has shown. ^ It was not until the twelfth dynasty, when all Egypt was again united under the sceptre of the Ousourtesens and Amenemhats, that art made good its revival. It made use of the same materials — limestone, wood, and the harder rocks — but their proportions were changed. In Fig. 206 a wooden statue attributed to this period is reproduced. The leofs are longfer, the torso more flexible, than in the statue of Chephren and other productions of the early centuries. Compared with their predecessors other statues of this period will be found to have the same characteristics. It has been asserted that the Egyptians, as a race, had become more slender from the effects of their warm and dry climate. It is impossible now to decide how much of the change may fairly be attributed to such a cause, and how much to a revolution in taste. Even among the figures of the Ancient Empire there are examples to be found of these slender proportions, but they certainly appear to have been in peculiar favour with the sculptors of the later epoch. Except In this particular, the differences are not very great. The attitudes are the same. See, for instance, the statue in grey sandstone of the scribe Menthouthotep, which was found by Mariette at Karnak and attributed by him to this epoch. Both by its pose and by the folds of fat which cross the front of the trunk, It reminds us of the figures of scribes left to us by the Ancient Empire. The nobler types also reappear. There is in the Louvre a statue In red granite representing a Sebek-hotep of the thirteenth dynasty (Fig. 207). He sits In the same attitude, with the same head-dress and the same costume, as the Chephren of Boulak. There Is one difference, however, his forehead is decorated with the urcsus, the symbol of royal dignity, which ^ Marieite, Notice du Musk, etc. Avant-propos, pp. 38, 39.