2 28 A History of Art in Ancient Egypt. The Louvre possesses another monument giving a high idea of the taste of the sculptors belonging to this period, we mean the red- granite sphinx (Fig. 41, Vol. I.), which was successively appropriated by one of the shepherd kings and by a Theban Pharaoh of the nineteenth dynasty : the ovals of both are to be found upon it. Like so many other things from Tanis, this sphinx must date from a Pharaoh of the thirteenth dynasty. This De Rouge has clearly shown. ^ Tanis seems to have been a favoured residence of those princes, and most of their statues have been found in it. A leg in black granite, now in the Berlin Museum, is considered the master- piece of these centuries. It is all that remains of a colossal statue of Ousourtesen.^ According to Mariette, many of those fine statues in the Turin Museum which bear the names of princes belonging to the eighteenth dynasty, Amenhoteps and Thothmeses, must have been made by order of the princes of the twelfth and thirteenth dynasties. In later years they were appropriated, in the fashion well known in Egypt, by the Pharaohs of the Second Theban Empire, who substituted their cartouches for those of the original owners. On more than one of the statues signs of the operation may still be traced, and in other cases the usurpation may be divined by carefully studying the style and workmanship."^ It was in the ruins of the same city that Mariette discovered a group of now famous remains in which he himself, De Rouge, Deveria, and others, recognised works carried out by Egyptian artists for the shepherd kings. These works have an individual character which is peculiar to themselves.^ They differ greatly from the ordinary type of Egyptian statues, and must have preserved the features of those foreign invaders whose memory was so long held in detestation in Egypt. This supposition is founded upon the presumed identity of Tanis with Avaris, the ' Notice des Moniunents exposes dans la Galerie d' Antiquites Eg)'pttennes, Sa/le dii Rez-de-chaussee^ No. 23. '^ De Rouge, Notice, etc. Avant-propos, p. 6. ^ Mariette, Notice du Musee, p. 86.
- MARif:TTE, Lettre de M. Aus;. Mariette a M. de Rouge sur les Fouilles de Tanis
{Revue Archeologique, vol. iii. 1861, p. 97). De Rouge, Lettre a M. Guigniaut sur les Nouvelles Explorations en Egypte {Revue Archeologique, vol. ix., 1864, p. 128). — Deveria, Lettre a M. Aug. Mariette sur quelques Monurnents Relatifs aux Hyqsos ou Ant'erieurs cl leur Domination {Revue Archeologique, vol. iv. 1861, p. 251). — Ebers. ^-E^ypten, vol. ii. p. 108.
