Page:A History of the University of Chicago by Thomas Wakefield Goodspeed.djvu/369

FURTHER EXPANSION 325 are the same as those governing the other colleges." A few preparatory studies at first offered were later discontinued, but some graduate courses continued to be given for advanced students, chiefly teachers in the high schools. The first dean of the College was Professor Edmund J. James, later president of Northwestern University, and still later of the University of Illinois. When the five years came to an end Mrs. Elaine continued her help for a time longer. But the burden on the University budget, which the Trustees were determined to keep within bounds, continued to increase. In 1905-6, therefore, the expensive quarters in the center of the city were given up and the classes were conducted at the University. The College continued to demonstrate its vitality and to give to President Judson and the Trustees assurance that it was supplying a real and great need. Just as soon, therefore, as the endowments of the University justified the step, the work of the College was again transferred to the center of the city, and every encouragement was given the enterprise. The attendance of students rapidly increased until it exceeded fourteen hundred annu- ally, and under the wise management of Dean O. W. Caldwell University College became self-supporting. Much has already been said of the great contribution of Miss Helen Culver, approaching a million dollars, for the biological sciences. Attention is here drawn to it because its acceptance was another great step in expansion. The biological departments had, indeed, been organized, before this contribution was made, on a scale requiring much more ample provision than was made by the Culver and Ogden funds combined. In this respect the Culver donation was a partial provision for a great step in expansion already taken. The beginning of that step, already referred to in this chapter, was the division of Biology into five distinct depart- ments. Although there was no laboratory for these departments and their work was done in temporary, rented quarters, in the two years and a half following this division the five departments had become six and the number of instructors had nearly doubled. The nine instructors of the first year would have made Biology a strong department, but the sixteen of 1895 made little more than skeleton departments of the six into which Biology, at that time,