Page:A History of the University of Chicago by Thomas Wakefield Goodspeed.djvu/428

374 A HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Nine years later it had risen to forty-four, and in 1914-15 to seventy-seven. A record number was foreshadowed for 1915-16 by the September Convocation of 1915 when thirty-nine candidates received the degree. Up to January i, 1916, nine hundred and twenty- two Ph.D. degrees had been conferred by the University. The only other university in the country that approached these figures was Columbia which was conferring the Ph.D. degree before Chicago was born. The requirements for attaining the degree were nowhere greater than at Chicago. No students were more eagerly sought for as teachers in colleges and universities than those of Chicago's Graduate Schools. The demand was constantly greater than the supply, so great indeed that in some departments students were taken away from the University for teaching positions before they had won the Doctor's degree. These would later return and often finish their work and receive the degree in the Summer Quarter. When the University of Chicago was founded the only graduate institutions in the country were Johns Hopkins and Clark. Har- vard, Yale, Columbia, Princeton, and Cornell were doing some graduate work. Chicago was organized to lay emphasis on graduate work, to put that in the forefront, and in graduate work to empha- size original research. It may perhaps justly be said to have led the way in the educational movement of the quarter-century under review toward graduate and research work. Its example of putting the emphasis upon university as distinguished from college work was followed East and West. The great institutions of the country were colleges round which professional schools had grown up and in which more or less attention was given to non-professional graduate work. During the quarter-century under review all these institutions developed their graduate work in an extraordinary degree. When the University of Chicago began its work this was the development most needed in American education. It can- not be doubted that the conspicuous success of the University in its Graduate Schools gave a mighty impulse to this development. The Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Literature after 1903 was Professor A. W. Small. Professor R. D. Salisbury became Dean of the Ogden Graduate School of Science in 1899.