TALLIEN
TAYLOR
London ; but he quarrelled with the violent
Revolutionaries, and went for a time to
America. In 1796 he returned to Paris,
and was appointed Minister of Foreign
Affairs. In that capacity he was Napo
leon s chief adviser in dealing drastically
with the Papacy, and the Emperor com
pelled the Pope to secularize (reduce to
the position of a layman) Talleyrand by a
special decree. He married in 1802. For
his great work under Napoleon he was in
1807 created Vice- Grand-Elector, Prince
of Benevento and Ponte Corvo. At the
fall of Napoleon he represented France at
the Vienna Congress, and proved himself
one of the greatest diplomatists of the time.
Under Louis XVIII he was Chamberlain
and Peer; and in 1830 he was again
French ambassador at London. His
Memoircs (published in 1891) is one of
the most valuable diaries of the time.
Talleyrand maintained his Agnosticism
during twenty years of the period of clerical
reaction. In the end he went through a
form of reconciliation with the Church ;
but he made it plain that this was only in
order to secure a decent burial and implied
no change of opinions (see McCabe s Talley
rand, 1906, p. 368). D. May 17, 1838.
TALLIEN, Jean Lambert, French politician. B. Jan. 23, 1767. Ed. privately. Employed at first in the Ministry of Finance, Tallien became in 1790 a private secretary, and in 1791 a proof-reader on the official Moniteur. He established a society for the education of the people, and started the Ami des Citoyens. During the Terror he was one of the chief members of the Paris Commune, but it is recorded that he saved many from the fury of the people. He again gave many proofs of humanity as a member of the Committee of Public Safety, and later of the Council of Five Hundred. He was one of the men of learning taken by Napoleon to Egypt, and became a member of the Egyptian Institute. At the fall of Napoleon he was one of the irreconcilables, and fell into obscurity. D. Nov. 16, 1820. 781
TAMASSIA, Professor Arrigo, Italian
physician. B. June 7, 1849. Tamassia
was professor of legal medicine at Padua
University and editor of the Rivista di
Medicina Legate. He wrote a large number
of works on his branch of medical science
(chiefly his Aspirazioni della medicina
moderna, 1883), and was a member of the
Venice Institute of Science, Letters, and
Art. He strongly supported Ardig6 [SEE]
in his effort to eliminate, as he said, " all
tyranny, all corruption, and all vileness."
TARDE, Professor Gabriel, French sociologist. B. 1843. Tarde studied and practised law, and was for many years an examining magistrate at his native town, Sarlat. His criminological and sociological works earned wide recognition, and he was appointed head of the statistical depart ment at the Ministry of Justice and pro fessor at the College de France. He is chiefly known for his theory of imitation in sociology that a few initiate changes, and the majority imitate them (see his Lois de I imitation, 1900, and L opinion et la foule, 1901). He was admitted to the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences in 1900. D. 1904.
TAROZZI, Professor Giuseppe, Italian philosopher. B. Mar. 24, 1866. Tarozzi, who is professor of moral philosophy at Palermo University and author of many works on philosophy, belongs to the Posi- tivist school of Ardigo. He scorns not only orthodox theology, but the whole " modern delirium of pseudo - idealism " (Lezioni di filosofia, 2 vols., 1896-97 ; La coltura intellettuale contemporanea, 1897 etc.).
TAYLOR, Helen, reformer. B. July 27, 1831. Ed. privately. In 1851 her mother married J. S. Mill. She died seven years later, and Miss Taylor devoted herself to the care of her stepfather and was greatly esteemed by him. She co-operated with him in writing his Subjection of Women (1869) . After Mill s death she lived mainly 782
