of timbre. ᴜ ᴇ ɪ therefore shall be used to denote the broad sound of those vowels. Special reductions of ʟ ʀ are represented by l′ r′; zh signifies the weakening of r, a Leinater development which extended South as far as the Suir. ᴄ c stand for the spirants arising from ᴋ k; ʏ y, those produced by ɢ ᴅ and g d respectively. ɴ is the nasal guttural. a o are not used as those vowels are broad for their whole period of duration. rh = unvoiced r.
| Stops | Spirants | Liquids | |||||
| Silent | voiced | silent | voiced | voiced | |||
| labials | ᴘ | ʙ | ꜰ | ᴡ, ᴠ | ᴍ | ||
| p | b | f | v | m | |||
| dentals | ᴛ | ᴅ | ꜱ | ɴ | ʟ | ||
| alveolar | t | d | s | zh | n | l | ʀ r r′ |
| palatals | k | g | c | y | ŋ | ||
| gutturals | ᴋ | ɢ | ᴄ | ʏ | ɴ | ||
Vowels, a ā ȧ ǡ, ᴇ e ə, Ī ɪ ī i, Ū ᴜ ū, ḷ ṃ ṇ ṛ, ʟ′ ᴍ′ ɴ′ ʀ′.
Diphthongs, iə, uə.
Slurred Diphthongs, au ou î ai ᴇi.
ᴘ ʙ ꜰ ᴡ ᴍ are bilabial sounds. (w in auslaut from bh mh, broad is written v.) Their corresponding slender sounds are either bilabial or labiodental.
ᴅ ᴛ ɴ ʟ require for their production that the tongue be pressed against the upper teeth and hard gum. For ʟ a lighter pressure is required, the tongue is apparently spread wide and the throat organs are held in the position of a u vowel. It is best reproduced by sounding such a vowel before it the tongue being drawn forward to touch the upper teeth.
