—(Hebrew characters), 'swarming things': 120 721 + (only in P and Dt. 1419).—(Hebrew characters): 122. 28 817 91. 7 1720 283 3511 4727 484 (Ex. 17, Lv. 269; elsewhere only Jer. 318 [inverted], 233, Ezk. 3611).—(Hebrew characters): 129. 30 621 93 + (elsewhere only in Ezk. (10 times), and (as inf.) Jer. 129).—(Hebrew characters): 1032 2513 + (elsewhere 1 Ch. 57 72. 4. 9 828 99. 34 2631). The phrase (Hebrew characters)[(Hebrew characters)] occurs in P 10 times in Gen. (see p. xxxiv), and in Nu. 31; elsewhere only Ru. 418, 1 Ch. 129.—(Hebrew characters): 617 721 258. 17 3529 4933 + (elsewhere poetical: Zec. 138, Ps. 8816 10429, La. 119, and 8 times in Jb.).—(Hebrew characters), (Hebrew characters), etc. (appended to enumerations): 618 77. 13 816. 18 98 284 466. 7 +.—(Hebrew characters), etc. (after 'seed'): 99 177. 8. 9. 10. 19 3512 484 +.—(Hebrew characters): 713 1723. 26 +; only in P and Ezk. 23 242 401 (Jos. 1027 redactional).—(Hebrew characters)—(Hebrew characters): 819 105. 20. 31 3640 + (very often in P: elsewhere only Nu. 1110 [JE], 1 Sa. 1021, 1 Ch. 57 647. 48).—(Hebrew characters): 916 177. 13. 19 +, only in P.—(Hebrew characters): 172. 6. 29 + Ex. 17; elsewhere only Ezk. 99 1613.—(Hebrew characters): 125 136 3118 367 466 +; elsewhere Gn. 1411. 12. 16. 21 1514; and 15 times in Ch. Ezr. Dn.—(Hebrew characters): 125 3118 366 466 +.—(Hebrew characters) (= 'person'): 125 366 4615. 18. 22. 25. 26. 27 +; "much more frequent in P than elsewhere."—(Hebrew characters)—(Hebrew characters): 177. 9. 12 + 36 times (only in P).—(Hebrew characters): 178 284 367 371 479 + Ex. 64; elsewhere Ezk. 2038, Ps. 5516 11954, Jb. 1819 +.—(Hebrew characters): 178 234. 9. 20 3643 4711 484 4930 5013 +. Often in Ezk. (4428 455. 6. 7. 8 4616. 18 4820. 21. 22); elsewhere Ps. 28, 1 Ch. 728 92 [= Neh. 113], 2 Ch. 1114 311 +.—(Hebrew characters): 1712. 13. 23. 27 2318 + (confined to P except Jer. 3211. 12. 14. 16).—(Hebrew characters) (= 'father's kin'): 1714 258. 17 3529 4933 + (also Ezk. 1818; elsewhere Ju. 514?, Ho. 1014 +).—(Hebrew characters): 234 + 10 times (also 1 Ki. 171?, 1 Ch. 2915, Ps. 3913).—(Hebrew characters): 3118 [3423] 366 + (outside of P, only Ezk. 3812f.; Pr. 47, Ps. 10424 10521).
In the choice of synonymous expressions, P exhibits an exclusive preference for (Hebrew characters) in the sense of 'beget' over (Hebrew characters) (in the genealogies of J), and for the form (Hebrew characters) of the 1st pers. pron. ((Hebrew characters) only in Gn. 234).
Geographical designations peculiar to Pg are: Kiryath-'Arba (for Hebron) 232 3527 +; Machpelah, 239. 17. 19 259 4930 5013 +; Paddan-Aram, 2520 282. 5. 6. 7 3118 3318 359. 26 4615 +.—To these may be added (Hebrew characters), 1131 125 1312 163 178 232. 19 3118 3318 356 371 +; the expression is found in JE only in the Joseph-section (chs. 42, 44, 45, 47). Pg has (Hebrew characters) without (Hebrew characters) only in (Hebrew characters) (281 362).
In view of all these and similar peculiarities (for the list is by no means exhaustive), the attempt to obliterate the linguistic and stylistic distinction between P and JE (Eerdmans) is surely a retrograde step in criticism.
The date of the composition of Pg lies between the
promulgation of the Deuteronomic law (621 B.C.), and the
post-Exilic reformation under Ezra and Nehemiah (444).
It is later than Deut., because it assumes without question
the centralisation of worship at one sanctuary, which in
Dt. is only held up as an ideal to be realised by a radical
reform of established usage. A nearer determination of
date depends on questions of the internal analysis of P
which are too complex to be entered on here. That the