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fects as well. The females are almost completely sterile, while the males are fertile. The viability of the stock is poor. When flies with rudimentary wings are put into competition with wild flies relatively few of the rudimentary flies come through, especially if the culture is crowded. The hind legs are also shortened. All of these effects are the results of a single factor-difference.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Critique_of_the_Theory_of_Evolution_Fig_034.jpg/172px-Critique_of_the_Theory_of_Evolution_Fig_034.jpg)
One may venture the guess that some of the specific and varietal differences that are char-