the Western Literary Institute and College of Teachers, and were read at annual meetings of the society, at Cincinnati; one in 1841, and the other in 1843. In 1845, by special invitation, she attended the convention of county and town superintendents, held at Syracuse. She was invited to take part in the public debate; declining that honour, the gentlemen of the convention, to the number of about sixty, called on her at her lodgings, where she read to them a prepared address. The principal topic of it was, "that women, now sufficiently educated, should be employed and furnished by the men as committees, charged with the minute cares and supervision of the common schools;" reasoning from the premises that to man it belongs to provide for the children, while upon woman it is incumbent to take the provision, and apply it economically and judiciously. These sentiments were received with decided approbation.
In the fall of the same year, 1845, Mrs. Willard made, with great satisfaction, an educational tour through some of the southern counties of New York; having been specially invited to attend the institutions for the improvement of teachers of the common schools. At Monticello, Binghampton, Owego, Cairo, and Rome, she aided in instructing no less than five hundred teachers of these schools, and, in many cases, her partings with the young female teachers were not without tears.
In the ensuing winter of 1846, Mrs. Willard prepared for the press a work which has given her more fame abroad, and perhaps at home, than any of her other writings. This work, which was published in the ensuing spring, both in London and New York, developed the result of a study which has intensely occupied her at times for fourteen years. Its title is, "A Treatise on the Motive Powers which produce the Circulation of the Blood;" and its object is nothing less than to introduce and to establish the fact, that the principal motive power which produces circulation of the blood is not, as has been heretofore supposed, the heart's action, that being only secondary; but that the principal motive power is respiration, operating by animal heat, and producing an effective force at the lungs.
During the spring and summer of 1846, Mrs. Willard made the tour of the southern and western states, visiting every one of them except Texas. In every city she met her former pupils, who gave her a filial welcome. She was received by the principals of schools and those employed in education as an "educationalist;" and as such, was invited to visit and to address schools, where, in many instances, she received public testimonials of consideration.
In addition to the compends of history which she has written, she has invented, for the purpose of teaching and impressing chronology on the mind by the eye, two charts of an entirely original character; one called "The American Chronographic for American History," and the other for universal history, called the "Temple of Time." In the latter, the course of time from the creation of the world is thrown into perspective, and the parts of this vast subject wrought into unity, and the most distinguished characters which have appeared in the world are set down, each in his own time. This, in the chart, is better arranged for the memory, than would be that of the place of a city on a map of the world.
In 1849, she published "Last Leaves from American History;" con-
